• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.53.1-53.15
• /
• 2023

Background: Plastics are high-molecular-weight materials composed of long carbon chains. They are prevalent in daily life, present in various items such as food containers and microwavable packaging. Phthalates, an additive used to enhance their flexibility, are endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We utilized the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3, representing the general South Korean population, to investigate the relationship between the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage and phthalate exposure. Methods: We assessed 3,333 adult participants (aged ≥ 19 years) including 1,526 men and 1,807 women, using data from KoNEHS cycle 3. Using the 75th percentile concentration, urine phthalate metabolites were categorized into high and low-concentration groups. χ² test was conducted to analyze variations in the distribution of each variable, considering sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, food intake, the use of plastics, and the concentration of urine phthalate metabolites as the variables. To calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the high-concentration group of urine phthalate metabolites based on the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage, logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: In men, the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage had significantly higher adjusted ORs compared to those using the others. The adjusted ORs were calculated as follows: mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) had an OR of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.72), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) had an OR of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.16-1.88), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.04-1.66), ∑di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) had an OR of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.08-1.74) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) had an OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.13-1.84). Conclusion: The concentrations of urine phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, ∑DEHP, and MnBP) were significantly higher in men who used plastics in refrigerator food storage compared to those using the others.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2017

As container vessels get larger, container terminals are also likely to grow. The problem that arises is that the growing volume should be handled in the same amount of time as before. Container terminals are introducing an automation system in order to overcome the limitations of existing manual methods and to continuously reduce operating expenses. Because, Manual handling of carrying containers gate in and out of terminals causes inaccurate data, which results in confusion. An alternative is for containers to be labeled with barcodes that can be scanned into a system with a scanner, but this takes quite a long time and is inconvenient. A RFID system, also known as a gate automation system, can solve these problems by reducing the time of gate management with a technology that detects number identification plates, helping operators more efficiently perform gate management work. Having said that, with this system, when container damage is detected, gate operators make and keep documents manually. These documents, which are insufficient evidence in proving container damage, result in customer claims. In addition, it is difficult for gate operators and other workers to manage containers, exposing them to danger and accidents. This study suggests that if an automation system is introduced at gates, containers can be managed by a video storage system in order to better document damage The video system maintains information on container damage, allowing operators the ability to search for videos they need upon customer request, also allowing them to be better prepared for customer claims. In addition, this system reduces necessary personnel and risk of accidents near gates by integrating a wide range of work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2006

Treatment effects of grape fruit stem extracts (GFSE) containing trans-resveratrol on the storage property of fresh jujube (Zizyphus jujube) were investigated. Fresh jujubes were packed in different storage containers [polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE)], and treated with GFSE containing trans-resveratrol of 10, 30 and 50 ppm, respectively. The storage vessels filled with $N_2$ gas, and stored in refrigerator $(0{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$ during 18 weeks, and then quality characteristics during storage period were analysed. Ethylene gas increased until 8 weeks and decreased afterward. Decaying of jujube started at $6\~8$ weeks in control, but it did at 14 week storage for the fruits at $50\%$ maturity treated with 10 ppm of GFSE and packed in PE vessel. Soluble solid (Brix degree) and total acidity of fresh jujube slightly increased in all the treatments during storage period. Hardness slightly increased until 4 weeks and decreased afterward. Vitamin C content was at the highest content of $86.8\~273.4$ mg/100g for most of treatments at 2 weeks and decreased afterward. Storage stability was higher for $50\%$ maturity fruits than for the $70\%$ maturity, and higher for PE vessels than PET containers. Storage period of fresh jujube in this experiment ranges in $10\~12$ weeks for $50\%$ maturity fruits treated with 10 ppm of GFSE and packed in PE vessel.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2016

Purpose - Loading can decrease the productivity due to the possibility of carrying out with the opposite order of storage in container terminal. When the container is to be taken out, it is needed to move the container stacked upon the container to be carried out to other place temporarily. It is called as rehandling. Remarshalling, with the loading plan, is the arranging the containers before the ship arrives in order to avoid the rehandling during the carrying out. The present study tried to find out the factors affecting the efficiency when building the remarshalling plan with the utilization of neighboring storage space as a outer slot, and analyzed the efficiency of several remarshalling algorithms with the combination of those factors. Research design, data and methodology - The present study used, when the remarshalling plan is prepared for utilizing the outer slot, the simulation methods in order to compare the efficiency of the remarshalling algorithms which made with the factors affecting the efficiency. The factors affecting the efficiency are the method of making the child node, method of arrangement, and possibility of application of FIX. In order to analyze the affecting factors on the efficiency, several algorithms are prepared with the combination of production of the child node and the arrangement method with the availability of FIX application. With this algorithm, the effect of the factors on the efficiency after building up of remarshalling plan with the target on the bay with 10 rows, 8 columns, and 10 indices. Results - The method of rearrangement and making of a child node as the factor affecting the efficiency of remarshalling utilization of the outer bay were studied. It is efficient to combine the method of making a child node with MCS in order to reduce the number of moving the containers. For reducing the time in carrying out, it was found that all arrangement methods should be combined with RCS for the efficiency. The result of experiment shows the application of FIX with good result in case of succession ratio. In addition, when FIX was not applied, all of the most combinations resulted in short time in remarshalling. As a result, it can be concluded that the algorithm with proper combination of making the child node and the arrangement can increase the job efficiency based on the importance. Conclusion - The present study suggested and analyzed the algorithms with the combination of the arrangement method, the making of child node, and FIX. It is needed to develop the algorithm to judge the possibility whether the best remarshalling plan can be built or not within the bay in order to find a better method between the two cases such as within the bay and outer the bay. As a method for extending the study on the factors affecting the efficiency, it is possible to find out the way to build the remarshalling plan within the permitted time under any storage situation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2016

Domestic harbor yard storage facilities are a place specifically located in a container terminal for import and export of packaged dangerous goods, and due to the recent relaxed criteria for the secured open area, concerns for the extended damage upon accidents are increasing. In this study, the impact of damages by radiant heat was analyzed through a simulation of a pool fire caused by the leakage of flammable liquids from a tank container. As a result, it was analyzed that the distance of radiant heat according to threshold damage levels was beyond the current criteria of the secured open area, and the structural damage of adjacent containers could happen within a very short time if they were exposed to the early pool fire continuously. It is considered that this study will be helpful in preparing the proper criteria for the secured open area between yard storage facilities in a container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.487-492
• /
• 2005

Domestic Container Terminals have a problem of Yard Planning to load containers at terminal storage because of the narrow yard area, incorrectness of container information and late transmission of information. So this paper has an object that is a plan to use the gate and the storage of container terminal. After the information of vehicle and container is collected in advance by RFID(Radio Frequence Identification) doing active research now.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.588-599
• /
• 2019

This research presents a structural design of high-level waste (HLW) container using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) material. The proposed design aims to overcome the drawbacks of the existing concrete containers which are heavy, difficult to fabricate, and expensive. In this study, the dry storage container (DSC) that commonly used at Canadian Nuclear facilities is selected to present the proposed design. The design has been performed such that the new UHP-FRC alternative has a structural stiffness equivalent to the existing steel-concrete-steel container under various loading scenarios. Size optimization technique is used with the aim of maximizing stiffness, and minimizing the cost while satisfying both the design stresses and construction requirements. Then, the integrity of the new design has been evaluated against accidental drop-impact events based on realistic drop scenarios. The optimization results showed: the stiffness of the UHP-FRC container (300 mm wall thick) is being in the range of 1.35-1.75 times the stiffness of existing DSC (550 mm wall thick). The use of UHP-FRC leads to decrease the container weight by more than 60%. The UHP-FRC container showed a significant enhancement in performance in comparison to the existing DSC design under considered accidental drop impact scenarios.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2021

Hybrid laminated Al/carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are attracting considerable attention from industries such as aerospace and automobiles owing to their excellent specific strength and specific rigidity. However, when this material is used to fabricate high-pressure fuel storage containers subjected to repeated fatigue loads, fatigue life evaluation for the working load is regulated as an important criterion for operational safety and ease of maintenance. Among the existing evaluation methods for these vessels, the burst test and the hydraulic repeat test require expensive facilities. Thus, the present study aims to develop an improved fatigue life test for Al/CFRP laminated hybrid composites. The test specimen was manufactured using a curved mold considering the shape of a type III high-pressure storage container. The strain-life method was used for fatigue life evaluation, and the life was predicted based on the transition life. The results indicate that the more complex the CFRP stacking sequence, the longer is the transition life. This test method is expected to be useful for ensuring the fatigue safety and economy of hybrid laminate composites.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.547-555
• /
• 2021

A catalyst-plasma reactor was applied to the storage of agricultural products, e.g., apple and kiwi, to remove the ethylene generated during the storage. Two 1-m³ unit containers were prepared, and the long-term storage stability of the control group at room temperature was compared with that of the experimental group of which the produced ethylene was treated by the catalyst-plasma reactor. In case of the experimental group, a small amount of ozone was injected to the unit container to suppress the growth of microorganisms such as mold. The apples and kiwis were stored at room temperature for 50 and 57 days, respectively, and the changes in ethylene concentration, hardness, sugar content, acidity, and loss rate were compared. The ethylene concentration during the storage for the control group was higher than that for the experimental group, indicating that the ethylene was effectively removed. Hardness, sugar content, and sugar acid ratio after the storage were better than before the storage, and in particular, the storage stability of kiwifruit was improved significantly. In addition, after the storage, the loss rates of apples and kiwis in the control group were 10 and 54.1%, respectively, but the loss rates in the experimental group were 6 and 34.8%, respectively. Therefore, the storage stability of the experimental group was a lot better than that of the control group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.7
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 1966

In order to investigate the stability of the major component of malathion E.C. product, dimethyl S-(1, 2-dicarboxyethoxyethyl) dithiophosphate, toward the quality of glasswares as container, the amount of extractable inorganic components, change of pH and decomposition of the major component of the product were examined during the storage in brown-colored bottles of 100 ml. volume from 3 different companies in comparison with that in a Pyrex flask. 1. Malathion E.C. product was put in three containers A,B and C, and any changes occurring in storage were analyzed at three intervals of 60, 120 and 240 days. 2. It was shown that the amounts of Si, Mg, K, Ca, and Na extracted during these periods of storage differed markedly depending on the qualify of container. Container A revealed ten times higher extraction of Na and Ca than container B and C in a 8-month period. 3. Three commercial containers revealed the shift of pH from 6.5 to alkaline reaction in the storage whereas the Pyrex flask did not show any detectable change. In particular, the pH in container A changed to 9.2 in 60 days and 9.9 in 240 days. 4. The decomposition of malathion was the greatest in container A which showed the decomposition of 7.37% in 240 days. On the other hand, 0.5% was decomposed in the Pyrex flask. 5. The decemposition of malathion had a high correlation with the change of pH of water· in the same container, $r^2$ being 0.899. From the above results, it is concluded that about 10% of malathion E.C. product is decomposed in a year due to the alkaline metallic salts extracted from the container when it is stored in glassware bottles of lower quality.