• Title/Summary/Keyword: stone heritage

검색결과 530건 처리시간 0.03초

The study on the property of material for the shim of stone cultural properties (석조문화재 받침용 쐐기 재질의 물성 실험 연구)

  • Eom, Doo-Sung;Hong, Jung-Ki;Kim, Sa-Dug;Kang, Dai-Il;Lee, Myong-Hee
    • 보존과학연구
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    • 통권21호
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    • pp.101-118
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    • 2000
  • Stone cultural properties(pagoda, Buddhist statue etc.) is moved in original place for many reasons and restored after taking to pieces for structural safety. With the movement and restoration after taking to pieces, the cast iron is used for the sake of a fixation and horizontality. The stone cultural properties are spoiled the beauty and accelerated the weathering because of the corrosion product of cast iron. So we need to substitute for the improved property in all aspects. We are executed the corrosion test and inquired the property of material on the usable material for the shim of stone cultural properties. That is the Cast iron, Stainless steel, Titanium and Fiber Reinforced Plastics. In the result of the physical property and strength, the Stainless steel and Titanium was superior to the Cast iron. And the Stainless steel and Titanium was slower than the Cast iron in the corrosion velocity for the acid, salt and rain. If the shim is substitute the Stainless steel or Titanium for the Cast iron, the stone cultural properties are able to reduce the pollution of stone cultural properties by corrosion product and should not happen in the matter of stone pagoda.

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A Study of Cleaning on the Biofilm of Stone Cultural Properties (석조문화재 생물막 제거 및 처리방안 연구)

  • Chung, Yong-Jae;Seo, Min-Seok;Lee, Kyu-Shik;Hwang, Jin-Ju
    • 보존과학연구
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    • 통권26호
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    • pp.5-25
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    • 2005
  • A consideration number of investigation have begun to elucidate the essential role biological agents play in the deterioration of stone. What is becoming clear is that many factors affect the durability of stone. Physical, chemical, and biological agentsact in co-association, ranging from synergistic to antagonistic, to deteriorate stone. Biodeterioration has usually been considered to be a degradation process following the initial deterioration effects of inorganic agents, especially objects of cultural value such as pagoda, stature of Buddha etc. These agents were thought to condition stone surfaces for microbial contamination due to structural changes and enrichment of inorganic organic nutrient substrates. This report concentrates on the action of biodeteriogens from bacteria to algae and higher plants. Preventive and remedial methods are surveyed, as are a selection of chemical treatments.

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Present State and Statistical Analysis of Stone Cultural Heritage by National Appointment in Republic of Korea (국내 국가지정 석조문화재의 현황과 통계분석)

  • Jun, Byung-kyu;Han, Min-su;Lee, Jang-jon;Song, Chi-young
    • 보존과학연구
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    • 통권27호
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    • pp.43-61
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    • 2006
  • In this study stone heritages of 533 which is to be investigated through the five years for national treasures and treasures from 2001 to 2005 have been analyzed by statistics for types of stone heritages and rocks, level of alteration in order to make full use of guiding principle in conservation management of stone heritages. The ratio of stone pagoda as a percentage of 34.5% in the stone heritages much higher than others and that is composed of granite(83.0%) in the igneous rock. In the weathering index of surface, a 37.5% of the national treasures were classified with the level 4 and46.3% of the treasure were the level 3 according to state. The present condition of organism distribution take up 30.6% for the level 3 and 22.1% for level 1. In structural stability index, a 40.6%of the national treasures and a 54.2% of treasure were ranked level 3.

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Study on the Joint Stiffness, Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio of Stone Pagodas in Korea (국내 석탑의 강성, 고유진동수 및 감쇠비에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sung-Min;Choi, Hee-Soo;Lee, Ki-Hak;Lee, Chan-Hee;Jo, Young-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2018
  • Following the earthquake that shook the city of Gyeongju, Korea, in 2016, it became apparent that research on the safety of cultural heritages against the seismic hazards is necessary in Korea. Predictions of how historically significant stone pagodas would behave the earthquakes anticipated in near future, which are the subject of this study, is also required. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of 15 cultural heritage designated stone pagodas of Korea were investigated, including natural frequency and damping ratio, and the stiffness of the stone material and its contact area were determined using eigenvalue analysis by assuming the stone pagodas to be multi-degree-of-freedom structures. The results of this study enable the structural modeling of stone pagodas using a finite element analysis program and the method is expected to be useful in assessing the structural safety of stone pagodas against vertical loads as well as lateral forces, including earthquakes. Also, by identifying the dynamic characteristics of the structures, the results of this study can be utilized as a nondestructive testing method to determine the rigidity of cultural heritage structures and to identify inherent problems. The natural frequencies of the Korean stone pagodas were measured to be within 3.5~8.3Hz, excluding cases with distinct natural frequency results, and it was determined that the natural frequencies of the stone pagodas are influenced by various parameters including the height and joint stiffness of the structures.

A Basic Research for the Development of Cleaning Agent for Stone Made Cultural Property (석조 문화재 보존 처리용 세정제 개발에 관한 기초연구)

  • Cho, Heon-young;Xia, Yong-mei
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.28-37
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    • 2002
  • The cleaning in conservation treatment of cultural heritage is very important process. For the best conservation treatment of cultural heritage, except having a good detergency, the cleaning agent must be able to keep the heritage from the secondary deposition and re-soiling, damage and etc. In this paper, the dust (lichen, algae, dust, etc.) on the surface of stone made heritage was treated with some kinds of solvents and analyzed with FT-IR to develop a cleaning agent for stone made cultural heritage. And the cleaning ability to the dust and the corrosion ratio to the granite of the cleaning agent was investigated. Nonionic surfactants were good for treatment of stone-made cultural heritage. The reason is that nonionic surfactants are stable in acidic solution, and possess low reactivity with the compound of stone and low possibility to the second contamination, and build up the reactivities of acids and oxidants. A new cleaning agent composed with $H_2O_2/HF/NP-10$ shows a good cleaning ability for the conservation treatment of stone made cultural heritage.

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Preparation and Physical Properties of Epoxy with Improved Yellowing Resistance for the Preservation of Stone Cultural Heritage (석조 문화재 보존용 저황변 Epoxy의 제조 및 물성 연구)

  • Lee, Seungyeon;Oh, Seungjun;Wi, Koangchul
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • 제26권
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2021
  • The bisphenol A epoxy resin currently used for the conservation of stone cultural heritage items is known to suffer from yellowing discoloration. In order to mitigate this yellowing and explore the availability of more diverse materials for the conservation of stone cultural heritage items, a hydrogenated Bisphenol A-based epoxy resin was prepared and compared with the epoxy resin currently used in the conservation treatment of stone cultural heritage items. The newly prepared epoxy resin showed improved physical properties relative to the existing materials, especially in terms of tensile strength, adhesion, and machinability, while the yellowing discoloration was reduced by a factor of roughly five to eight. The results suggest that epoxy resin could be used as a stable material for the conservation treatment of stone cultural heritage items, most of which are located outdoors.

The present situation of shelter and case study of stone cultural heritage (석조문화재 보호각 현황과 사례연구)

  • Shin, Eun-Jeong;Kim, Sa-Dug;Eom, Doo-Sung
    • 보존과학연구
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    • 통권31호
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    • pp.103-120
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    • 2010
  • Most of the important stone cultural heritage (National treasures and Treasures) in Korea are mainly located outdoor and considerably affected by the changes of the temperature, humidity and rainfalls. 541 of the stone cultural heritage are preserved as National treasure and Treasure. The pagodas occupy 187 remains and next 127 Buddha statues, 68 monuments, 60 stupas, and the others 74 stone cultural heritages. The shelter has been installed for one pagoda, 60 Buddha statues, 36 monuments and two stupas. The shelters are categorized in three shapes as traditional shape, modern shape, and others (tradition+modern). Approximately 100 of shelters that have constructed in traditional ways, and about nine of shelters have modern ways, and the only one has the combination shape of tradition and modern, which has been constructed since mid 1900s and repaired from the 1980s~2000s. Many researchers are studying for improvement of manners such as repairing, remodeling or removing of the shelter because problems have occured on shelters. Architectural form of traditional style of Korean timber building is respected, but it has problems on importing natural sunlight to the inside as well as ventilation and spacial problems. However, it needs to supplement policies to improve the positive roles of shelters such as prevention of artificial damage, blocking acid rain, and so on. For instance, the rock-carved Buddha Triad in Seosan, it had problems with viewing, contamination, and dew condensation on the surface. These problems decreased after dismantling the shelter, the space was made for improvement of viewing and dew condensation, and moisture problems were in better conditions. The velocity wind is an important factor in drying conditions on the surface of the rock, therefore the condition has improved after dismantling the shelter.

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Study on the Material and Deterioration Characteristics of the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha in Bijung-ri, Cheongju, Korea (청주 비중리 석조여래삼존상 및 석조여래입상의 재질특성과 손상특성 연구)

  • Yoo, Ji Hyun;Choie, Myoungju;Lee, Myeong Seong;Kim, Yuri
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.778-790
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    • 2021
  • The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha in Bijung-ri are state-designated heritage (treasure) statues having the Buddha style of the Goryeo dynasty from the 6th century. Conservation scientific investigations were conducted to understand the preservation status of these stone Buddha statues and to establish a conservation plan. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha are composed of fine-medium grained biotite granite, which is considered to be of the same origin owing to their low magnetic susceptibility distribution of less than 0.2 (×10-3 SI unit) and similar mineral characteristics. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad has highly homogenous mineral composition and particle size, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, and geochemical characteristics very similar to those of the nearby outcrop. It was confirmed that a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors affects the Stone Buddha statues. In particular, both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha tend to be chipped off from the front and cracked and scaled from the back. The Stone Standing Buddha located outdoors experiences granularity decomposition and black algae formation, which accelerate the weathering under unfavorable conservation environments. The result of non-destructive physical property diagnosis using ultrasonic velocity showed that both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha have been completely weathered (CW), indicating very poor physical properties.