• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to investigate out the influence of drought stress on the physiological responses of Dendropanax morbifera seedlings. Methods and Results: Drought stress was induced by discontinuing water supply for 30 days. Under drought stress, photosynthetic activity was significantly reduced with decreasing soil water content (SWC), as revealed by the parameters such as Fv/Fm, maximum photosynthetic rate ($P_{N\;max}$), stomatal conductance ($g_s$), stomatal transpiration rate (E), and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (Ci). However, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by 2.5 times because of the decrease in $g_s$ to reduce transpiration. Particularly, E and $g_s$ were remarkably decreased when water was withheld for 21 days at 6.2% of SWC. Dendropanax morbifera leaves showed osmotic adjustment of -0.30 MPa at full turgor and -0.13 MPa at zero turgor. In contrast, the maximum bulk modulus of elasticity ($E_{max}$) did not change significantly. Thus, Dendropanax morbifera seedlings could tolerate drought stress via osmotic adjustment. Conclusions: Drought avoidance mechanisms of D. morbifera involve reduction in water loss from plants, through the control of stomatal transpiration, and reduction in cellular osmotic potential. Notably photosynthetic activity was remarkably reduced, to approximately 6% of the SWC.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

A hypertonic solution of sorbitol was used to precondition Douglas-fir and Western hemlock plug seedlings to improve desiccation resistance. Seedlings were preconditioned by soaking their root balls in water, -0.75 or -1.50 MPa sorbitol solution for 22 hr, and then exposed to desiccation conditions for 8 days. During the desiccation period, a transpirational water loss was significantly reduced by the sorbitol preconditioning, with its effect positively depending on concentration. This preconditioning-induced reduction in water loss was mainly caused by the decline in needle stomatal conductance. Sorbitol-induced stomatal control was more closely associated with reduction in plant water potential, rather than increase in abscisic acid concentrations. After rehydration of stressed-plants, most of the preconditioned seedlings with sorbitol were survived, while only 35% of Douglas-fir and 28% of Western hemlock seedlings treated with water were alive. The post-growth was significantly greater in the preconditioned seedlings than only water-treated seedlings. These results suggested that the earlier stomatal control with sorbitol-facilitated preconditioning could play a role in improving desiccation resistance of evergreen woody plants at transplanting in the field where water supply is limited or dry conditions are prevailing.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2003

Changes in biochemical constituents and physiological alteration were studied in various intensities (1-5%, 6-15%, 16-30%, 31-50% and ＞ 50%) of leaf spot (Myrothecium roridum) on mulberry leaves and compared with healthy leaves. Chlorophyll, total soluble sugar and total protein were decreased (P ＜ 0.01), but total phenol increased due to pathogen infection. Changes in biochemical constituents showed significant correlation with intensity of disease. Chlorophyll ($r^2$= 0.92), and protein (($r^2$= 0.83) possessed negative while phenol (($r^2$= 0.61) possessed positive correlation. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, moisture content (%) and physiological water use efficiency (pWUE) were decreased, but stomatal resistance increased in the infected leaves. Physiological parameters also possessed significant (P ＜ 0.01) correlation with disease intensity. Photosynthetic rate (($r^2$= 0.96), transpiration rate ($r^2$=0.88), stomatal conductance (($r^2$= = 0.65), physiological water use efficiency (($r^2$= 0.88) and moisture content (r = 0.85) were negatively but stomatal resistance (($r^2$= 0.75) was positively correlated to disease intensities.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

오존에 약(弱)하거나 저항성(抵抗性)을 가지는 포플러 개체(個體)를 선발(選拔)하기 위해서 36개의 잡종(雜種)포플러 클론을 오존에 노출(露出)시켰다. Open-top chamber를 이용(利用)하여 하루에 6-8시간, 3개월 동안 90-115ppb의 농도(濃度)로 오존을 노출시켰다. 수고(樹高), 직경(直徑), 엽수(葉數), 물질생산량(物質生産量), root/shoot비율(比率), 낙엽률(落葉率), 기공반응(氣孔反應) 조사(調査)하였다. 수고, 직경, 엽수, 물질생산량, root/shoot비율, 기공 conductance는 오존 때문에 감소(減少)하였고, 낙엽률은 증가(增加)하였다. 이 연구에서는 기공 conductance와 물질생산량과의 관계(關係)는 아주 낮게 나타났다. 오존환경(環境)에 대해서 저항성을 갖는 것은 기공(氣孔)의 개폐(開閉)와 항상(恒常) 관계(關係)가 있는 것은 아니라고 사료(思料)되며, 아마도 생화학적(生化學的)이고 생리적(生理的)인 다른 요인(要因)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)가 포플러 클론이 갖는 저항성을 이해(理解)하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the varietal differences in leaf senescence and the relationship between leaf senescence and photosynthesis during ripening stage of rice. During grain filling period, leaf senescence was evaluated by SPAD readings (an indirect indicator of chlorophyll content) for 3 rice varieties (SNU-SG1, Hwaseongbyeo, Nampungbyeo). SPAD value of flag leaf and 2nd leaf of SNU-SG1 were much higher than the other varieties and the leaves of SNU-SG1 also showed a tendency of delayed senescence as compared to the other varieties. Photosynthesis at light saturation (Pmax) of flag, 2nd and 3rd leaf in SNU-SG1 during grain filling period were much higher than Hwaseongbyeo and Nampungbyeo. The Pmax of the flag leaf in SNU-SG1 was especially higher over 20% than the other varieties. It was due to its higher mesophyll conductance and stomatal conductance as compared to the other varieties. Pmax, stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance had positive correlation with SPAD value and nitrogen concentration of leaves. In conclusion, the stay green characteristics of SNU-SG1 would contribute to increasing the grain yield through the improved photosynthesis during grain filling.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2007

인삼의 차광재료가 생육시기별 광합성, 증산작용 및 기공전도도의 일변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 다음과 같이 실시하였다. 삼집내 자연광과 인공광선을 이용하여 광합성, 증산, 기공전도도 및 엽록소를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 생육시기별 광합성속도의 일변화는 오전에 증가하다가 오후로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 차광망에 비하여 차광판에서 높았다. 증산작용은 광합성작용과 반대로 오후로 갈수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고 기공전도도는 오후로 갈수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 광합성속도와 기공전도도와의 관계는 오전에서 l차직선회귀식으로 정의 상관관계가 인정되었으나, 오후에서의 양자간의 관계는 인정되지 않았다. 일복재료별 엽록소의 변화는 모든 처리구에서 생육이 진전됨에 따라 SPAD값이 감소하는 경향이었으며, 차광망에 비하여 차광판의 SPAD값이 전 생육기간에 높은 경향이었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.359-364
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• 1999

살리실릭산(SA)이 닭의장풀의 잎의 생장, 엽록소 함량, 광합성능, 기공전도도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Hoagland 용액에 SA를 처리한 후 3주 동안 배양한 닭의장풀은 잎의 길이, 너비, 면적이 크게 감소하였다. 1 mM SA를 1, 2주 처리 시에 엽면적 생장이 약 10%억제되었으며, 3주 째에는 22%억제하였다. SA는 또한 2주 째는 47%그리고 3주 째는 53%엽록소 함량을 감소시켰다. SA를 처리한 샘플의 엽록소 a/b는 3주 째에 약 3으로 크게 증가하였다. SA를 분리 엽록체에 직접 처리하여 전자전달활성을 직접 측정하였다. PSII＋PSI, PSII 그리고 PSI활성에 SA가 영향을 주지 않았다. 이는 SA가 직접 광합성 기작에는 영향을 주지 않는 다는 것을 나타낸다. 그러나, SA를 오랜 기간 처리하면 광합성의 감소는 매우 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. Hoagland 용액에 SA를 처리한 후 3주 동안 배양한 닭의장풀에 다양한 빛 광도(100~1000$\mu$mo1 m­$^2$S­$^1$)를 조사하면 약 23~65%의 광합성능의 저하가 나타났다. 기공전도도가 유사한 반응을 보여주었다. SA처리구의 기공은 거의 닫혔다. 여러 광조건에서 기공전도도가 같다는 것은 SA가 기공의 조절 기능을 상실하게 한 것으로 보여진다. 이들 결과들로부터 광합성능에 대한 SA의 효과는 SA자체에 의한 것이 아니라 간접적인 대사 경로를 통해 매개되는 것으로 추측된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1999

Phytotoxic effects of ozone and ethylenediurea (EDU) on soybean (Glycine max) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were observed by using open-top field chamber system (OTC). Gas exchange rates (photosynthesis. stomatal conductance and transpiration rates) of soybean plants were decreased by 20% to 30% by ambient ozone and resulted in 30% reduction of seed yields. In OTC. ambient ozone and 0.12 $\mu$l/l $O_3$ decreased gas exchange rates of spinach by 25% to 40% and by 50%. respectively. The protective effect of EDU against ozone induced injury was obtained at 100 mg/l on soybean. and at 250 mg/l on spinach, respectively. The excessive application of EDU. however. inhibited photosynthesis. transpiration. and stomatal conductance without any specific visible damage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa $\times$ P. deltoides) clones were fumigated with ozone. Fumigation was applied for 6 to 8 hours each day for approximately 3 months at ozone concentrations of 0.090 to 0.115 ppm using by open-top chambers. Growth and biomass of hybrid poplar seedlings were reduced by ozone exposure. Mean percentage of falling leaves in ozone-treated plant was 6 times higher than that of charcoal-filtered plant. Among physiological responses, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and initial Rubisco activity were significantly lower in seedlings grown in ozone environment compared seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air. All these physiological results supported that biochemical process to be a key feature to understand reduction in photosynthesis.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2008

The ecophysiological changes occurring upon cold stress were studied using cold tolerant transgenic and wild-type tobacco plants. In a previous study, cold tolerance in tobacco was induced by the introduction of a gene encoding the zinc finger transcription factor, PIF1. Gas-exchange measurements including net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were performed prior to, in the middle of, and after a cold-stress treatment of $1{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 96 h in each of the four seasons. In both transgenic and wild-type plants, gas-exchange parameters were severely decreased in the middle of the cold treatment, but had recovered after 2-3 h of adaptation in a greenhouse. Most t-test comparisons on gas-exchange measurements between the two plant types did not show statistical significance. Wild-type plants had slightly more water-soaked damage on the leaves than the transgenic plants. A light-response curve did not show any differences between the two plant types. However, the curve for assimilation-internal $CO_2$ in wild-type plants showed a much higher slope than that of the PIF1 transgenic plants. This means that the wild-type plant is more capable of regenerating Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and has greater electron transport capacity. In conclusion, cold-resistant transgenic tobacco plants demonstrated a better recovery of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance after cold-stress treatment compared to wild-type plants, but the ecophysiological recoveries of the transgenic plants were not statistically significant.