• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.942-948
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine whether the length of the feeding of the controlled experimental diet to the dam resulted in changes to the dam milk or pup brain fatty acid composition. As a first method, females have been obtained at 3 weeks of age and fed the experimental diet throughout their growth to adulthood including mating, pregnancy, and lactational periods. As a second method, in order to shorten this long and expensive process, time-pregnant dams were obtained as early as possible from a commercial supplier, on day 3 of gestation, and immediately switched to the experimental diet. At birth, the milk of dams prepared by these two different methods was compared by collecting the stomach contents of the pups. This showed a slight increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in the pup stomach contents from the time-pregnant dams. There were no significant changes in the brain fatty acid composition of pups between the two different lengths of the experimental diet intake. By the 10 days of age, there were only minor differences in the milk fatty acid composition of pup stomach contents from the two sets of dams. However, the pup brains of the time-pregnant groups at 10 days showed increased AA and DHA due to intake of the chow diet including AA, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Thus, the history of the maternal feeding could affect the results under these particular circumstances, but the differences were minimal.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.90-105
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• 2013

This study was performed to find out stomach contents of cold water fish such as Manchurian trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis) and River salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) in the Odae mountain area. Field survey was carried out 3 times by each season from May to October 2012 along the Gyebang stream and the Yangyang-Namdae stream at north-west mountain slope and north-east mountain slope of the Odae mountain area respectively. The result of digestive track analysis showed that food species of Manchurian trout were total individuals of 645 including 5 orders, 23 families, 39 species of benthic macroinvertebrates and 11 taxa of terrestial insects. And each IRI (Index of Relative Importance, %) value of food species by Manchurian trout was terrestial insects 37.0%, Trichoptera 36.4%, Ephemeroptera 20.0%, Diptera 3.9%, Plecoptera 2.7%, and Gordea <0.1%. While the River salmon fed on 1,186 individuals covering 4 orders, 20 families, 33 species of benthic macroinvertebrates and 6 taxa of terrestial insects including arachnid. Also IRI values by River salmon were terrestial insects including arachnid 2.7%, Ephemeroptera 52.9%, Trichoptera 27.9%, Diptera 9.4%, and Plecoptera 7.0% respectively. With these results, we might say that both Manchurian trout and River salmon is carnivorous fish which display the feeding preference to terrestial insects and benthic macroinvertebrates. As a results we could find out that the two kinds of cold water fish preferred similar habitat types and liked same order of food species in same season, however the compositions of food species for Manchurian trout and River salmon were considerably different.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the reproductive ecology of the Korean Mandarin Fish, Siniperca scherzeri in Seomjin River and Imjin River from April to October 2008. After have investigating the relationship between standard length (SL) and Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of Siniperca scherzeri, we can conclude that the body length of maturation was over 200mm SL in case of females and over 180mm SL in males. The GSI of the females that were from Seomjin river was the highest in April (7.43%), and gradually decreased after May (5.55%) and June (3.58%). The GSI was decreased sharply in August and indicated the lowest value in September (0.44%). The GSI of the females that were from Imjin river showed similar tendency of females' GSI from Seomjin river. The GSI of males from Imjin river was totally higher than that of females, it was 5.96% in April, and 8.03% in May. It was lowered in early June, and late June, it indicated 2.12%. In September, it was the lowest value (0.20%), and increased after October (0.54%). The result of histological study of ovary presented similar result of the study of GSI in Seomjin river and Imjin river. The ratio that fishes constitute in stomach contents of Siniperca scherzeri was 92% in Seomjin river and 90% in Imjin river. Digestion of food organisms and the ratio of unidentifiable fishes in stomach contents was fairly high, and it was 50% in Seomjin river and 72.2% in Imjin river. In the period of study, eating ratio was very low 38.3% (36 ind.) in Seomjin river and 21.8 (53 ind.) in Imjin river.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Population ecology of Gobiobotia naktongensis was investigated at the Gamcheon stream, Nakdonggang River in Korea from March to November in 2010 and June in 2012. It mainly inhabited on the slow-flowing waters 0.11~0.44 m/s (mean: 0.32) and shallow depth 11~69 cm (mean: 28). As a result of the sieve analysis, size of the particles in the stream bottom beds consisted of 1.71% (>3.35 mm), 71.3% (>0.500 mm) and 26.9% (>0.106 mm). The standard length of the population indicated that the age for 25~30 mm group is one 31~41 mm group is two and longer than 42 mm group over three (May in 2010). The spawning period was from June to July with water temperatures ranging from 28.0 to $31.0^{\circ}C$. The sex ratio of female to male was 1 : 0.64 while the number of eggs in the ovaries was 1,067~7,298 (mean: 2,827). The number of matured eggs size in ovaries was 0.71~1.04 mm (mean: 0.79) and the stomach contents were mainly Chironomidae. The individual number of stomach contents was increased at noon and showed the highest rate from noon to 3 pm.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2007

The feeding habits of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were studied based on the examination of stomach contents of 192 specimens collected from November, 2005 to January, 2006 in the coastal waters off Gadeok-do, Korea. The size of Pacific cod ranged from 35 to 82 cm in standard length (SL). Pacific cod mainly consumed shrimps such as Eualus spathulirostris, Crogon hakodatei and C. affinis and fishes. Its diet also included small quantities of cephalopods, amphipods, hermit crabs and crabs. Individuals between 35 cm and 45 cm SL mainly consumed shrimps. The portion of shrimps decreased with increasing fish size, and this decrease was paralleled with increased consumption of fishes and cephalopods. In this study we found Syngnathus schlegeli in the stomach contents of many Pacific cod specimens. S. schlegeli is a typical seagrass fish species which inhabits in seagrass beds, This fact means that Pacific cods stay in the seagrass beds during spawning period. Therefore migration of Pacific cod to coastal waters off Gadeok-do during spawning period seems to be a survival strategy for its larvae and small juveniles to stay in seagrass beds which provide with abundant foods and shelters to many commercial fish species.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1027-1032
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• 2012

We investigate the changes of fatty acids in blood for an evaluation of the effects of soft and enteric coated capsules containing omega 3 fatty acids. Fish oil, which contained 62.87 g/100 g of sum of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), was used as nutracueticals for omega 3 fatty acids. Lipid releasing amount in soft capsule was 70% in stomach condition. However, there was 10% of releasing amount of lipid observed in enteric coated capsule in stomach condition. In intestinal condition, 50% of lipid releasing amount in enteric coated capsule showed until 6 hr, but soft capsule until 90 min. EPA and DHA contents in soft capsule administration showed higher level than those in enteric coated capsule until 8 hr. However, the administration of enteric coated capsule showed higher level of EPA and DHA in blood after 8 hr. After 24 hr, mono-, poly-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids contents with enteric coated capsule showed higher level than those with soft capsule. The enteric coated capsule containing omega 3 fatty acids was expected to sustain omega 3 fatty acids.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

Despite significant advance in laparoscopy, upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series is still generally carried out for preoperative localization of gastrectomy. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of UGI series and postoperative pathological findings in the diagnosis and localization of gastric cancer. A retrospective review was carried out for 102 patients who underwent gastrectomy between October 2007 and April 2009. Preoperative reports of UGI series were compared with postoperative pathology reports and the accuracy of the preoperative reports was calculated. Two radiographer retrospectively reviewed the analysis of UGI series. postoperative pathology reports of the surgical specimens, were compared with the preoperative reports of the location and extent of the tumor were correct in 81 case("sure", 79.4%) and incorrect in 21 case("failed, 20.6%). In 92 case UGI series revealed intestinal metaplasia (90.2%) at consensus review and these results demonstrate the limitation of the UGI series in the diagnosis of type IIb gastric cancer with size less than 1.0cm and the poor detection of gastric cancer is that the overlying mucous membrane often appears to be normal in these patients. In conclusion, UGI series is accurate the detection of the tumor localization and diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia. However, for the overcome with the limitation of UGI series should be used accurate technique for the region of the stomach. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine the changes of the mucus membrane of the stomach and UGI series is gaining acceptance as a standard method for preoperative gastric cancer screening.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.649-657
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• 2016

This study is aim to investigate how applying a critical pathway(CP) to stomach cancer patients affects their recovery and treatment. The subjects were 165 patients over the age of 20 who were diagnosed with stomach cancer at the gastrointestinal clinic of C hospital and who underwent laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy. The case group inclueded 102 patients who underwent laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with applying the CP from October 2008 to September 2009. The control group included 63 patients who underwent laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy without applying the CP from September 2007 to September 2008. Pain at the time of discharge was significantly lower in the CP applicated group than in the non-applicated group (Odds ratio [OR], 0.07; 95% Confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.21). The CP applied group was significantly lower than non-applied group in total hospitalization days (CP applied group: 8.95[1.33], non-applied group: 10.69[4.04], p<0.001) and in postoperative hospitalization days (CP applied group: 7.16[0.94], non-applied group: 8.79[3.90], p<0.001). In conclusion, application of a critical pathway to laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy reduced pain at the time of discharge, total hospitalization days and postoperative hospitalization days.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 1996

For ecological study of Synechogobius hasta the environmental factors, length composition, stages of ovarian maturation, growth, and stomach contents of this species were examined. The samples were collected from the Kum River estuary from May, 1994 to June, 1995. The ovarian egg development of this species underwent 4 stages : the oogonium stage in October to November, growth stage in December to February of next year, maturity stage in February to April, and spawning stage in late April to middle May. The peak spawning period appeared in early to middle May. The fecundity varied from 8,600 to 49,000 showing a exponential increase by body size. The minimum size having matured eggs was 225 mm in total length (standard length 180 mm). The larvae smaller than 10 mm appeared in late May, and young fish of total length $13\~15mm$ entered into bottom life in the shallow waters. The young fish grew rapidly and reached about 141.7 mm in late October. The fish inhabited in the subtidal zone from December to May of next year when began to spawn. The largest specimen examined in this study was 531 mm of male, 472 mm of female. The major food items of young fishes were copepods and invertebrate larvae, and those of adult fishes were crabs, fish, shrimps, cephalopods, and polychaetes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

Fish community was investigated in eutrophic Jeondae agricultural reservoir from April to November 2012. The food web structure of major fish species of Jeondae reservoir showed that due to serious organic pollution, the hyper-eutrophic condition with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), as estimated by stable isotope analysis. Total of 679 individuals were collected from the reservoir, and 9 species were identified. Interestingly, Lepomis macrochirus and Hemiculter eigenmanni known as less sensitive to pollution and water quality deterioration, dominated the reservoir, and their relative abundances were 38% and 27%, respectively. Further, the analysis of the stomach contents revealed that main food source of dominant L. macrochirus was high amount of zooplankton, which includes copepoda and cladocera, while Cyprinidae species mainly consumed organic particles with zooplankton preys. Stable isotope analysis also suggested that L. macrochirus, Carassiusauratus, Pseudorasboraparva, and H. eigenmanni are major zooplantivorous group in the Jeondae Reservoir.