• 제목/요약/키워드: stiffness factor

검색결과 643건 처리시간 0.029초

서스펜션 성능 확보를 위한 고강성 차페 개발 프로세스 연구 (A Study on the Development of High Stiffness Body for Suspension Performance)

  • 김기창;김찬묵
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.799-805
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes the development process of high stiffness body for ride and handling performance. High stiffness and light weight vehicle is a major target in the refinement of Passenger cars to meet customers' contradictable requirements between ride and handling performance and fuel economy This paper describes the analysis approach process for high stiffness body through the data level of body stiffness. According to the frequency band. we can suggest the design guideline about lg cornering static stiffness, torsional and lateral stiffness, body attachment stiffness. The ride and handling characteristic of a vehicle Is significantly affected by vibration transferred to the body through the chassis mounting points from front and rear suspension. It is known that body attachment stiffness is an important factor of ride and handling performance improvement. And high stiffness helps to improve the flexibility of bushing rate tuning between handling and road noise. It makes possible to design the good handling performance vehicle and save vehicles to be used in tests by using mother car at initial design stage. These improvements can lead to shortening the time needed to develop better vehicles.

서스펜션 성능 확보를 위한 고강성 차체 개발 프로세스 연구 (A Study on the Development of High Stiffness Body for Suspension Performance)

  • 김기창;김찬묵
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.358-361
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    • 2004
  • This paper describes the development process of high stiffness body for ride and handling performance. High stiffness and light weight vehicle is a major target in the refinement of passenger cars to meet customers' contradictable requirements between ride and handling performance and fuel economy. This paper describes the analysis approach process for high stiffness body through the data level of body stiffness. According to the frequency band, we can suggest the design guideline about Is cornering static stiffness, torsional and lateral stiffness, body attachment stiffness. The ride and handling characteristic of a vehicle is significantly affected by vibration transferred to the body through the chassis mounting points from front and rear suspension. It is known that body attachment stiffness is an important factor of ride and handling performance improvement. And high stiffness helps to improve the flexibility of bushing rate tuning between Handling and road noise. It makes it possible to design the good handling performance vehicle at initial design stage and save vehicles to be used in tests by using mother car at initial design stage. These improvements can lead to shortening the time needed to develop better vehicles.

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Seismic response modification factors for stiffness degrading soil-structure systems

  • Ganjavi, Behnoud;Bararnia, Majid;Hajirasouliha, Iman
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제68권2호
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    • pp.159-170
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    • 2018
  • This paper aims to develop response modification factors for stiffness degrading structures by incorporating soil-structure interaction effects. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of key SSI parameters, natural period of vibration, ductility demand and hysteretic behavior on the response modification factor of soil-structure systems. The nonlinear dynamic response of 6300 soil-structure systems are studied under two ensembles of accelograms including 20 recorded and 7 synthetic ground motions. It is concluded that neglecting the stiffness degradation of structures can results in up to 22% underestimation of inelastic strength demands in soil-structure systems, leading to an unexpected high level of ductility demand in the structures located on soft soil. Nonlinear regression analyses are then performed to derive a simplified expression for estimating ductility-dependent response modification factors for stiffness degrading soil-structure systems. The adequacy of the proposed expression is investigated through sensitivity analyses on nonlinear soil-structure systems under seven synthetic spectrum compatible earthquake ground motions. A good agreement is observed between the results of the predicted and the target ductility demands, demonstrating the adequacy of the expression proposed in this study to estimate the inelastic demands of SSI systems with stiffness degrading structures. It is observed that the maximum differences between the target and average target ductility demands was 15%, which is considered acceptable for practical design purposes.

철근콘크리트 원형단면교각의 횡방향철근량에 관한 설계비교 (Comparative Study of Design Codes on the Transverse Steel Amount of Circular Reinfored Concrete Columns)

  • 배성용;곽동일;김희덕
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.98-103
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    • 2001
  • This paper is conducted to compare the seismic design standard of a bridge column such as the Korean Bridge Design Standard(KBDS), EC 8, NZS 3101 and ATC 32. The KBDS adopted the seismic design requirements in 1992. The earthquake magnitude in Korea is compared with those in the west coast of the USA. It may be said that the current seismic design requirements of the KBDS provides design results, that are too conservative especially for transverse reinforcement details and amounts in reinforced concrete columns. This fact usually creates construction problems in concrete casting, due to congestion of transverse reinforcement. Furthermore, the effective stiffness; $I_{eff}$ depends on both the axial load P/$A_gF_{ck}$ and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio $A_{st}/A_g, so it is the conservative to use the effective stiffness I$_{eff}$ than the gross section stiffness Ig. Seismic design for the transverse reinforcement content of the concrete column was analyzed and considered to have an extreme-fiber compression strain, response modification factor, axial load and effective stiffness etc.c.

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방진자갈매트구간 궤도지지계수 측정 및 분석 (Measurement and analysis of support stiffness of the track which rubber ballast-mat installed)

  • 양신추;이지하;김은
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.1071-1076
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    • 2007
  • In high-speed line, at some part of the track which rubber ballast-mat installed, track irregularity grew rapidly and affected riding comfort and train running stability. It is urgently requested to establish counter-measures which can be applied to track under operation. To do this, it is very important to analysis the origin of that phenomenon before. Track support stiffness is an essential factor for evaluating track condition. Sudden changes of support stiffness along track occur instability of train and bad riding comfort. Preventing sudden changes of track support stiffness is a key technique in high-speed track maintenance. Besides the sudden changes, the magnitude itself also significantly affects track and train. Low stiffness of ballast-mat makes ballast acceleration area wider. And it may accelerate track irregularity growth. So, the stiffness should be limited. To calculate track stiffness, measuring load and displacement on track is needed. In this study, the behavior of the track which rubber ballast-mat installed was measured and analyzed to understand the origin of rapid growth of it.

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시트 동적 강성 분포 측정 방법 및 시트 별 특성 분석 (Measurement of the distributed dynamic stiffness of seats and analysis of dynamic properties of seats)

  • 김덕만;민경원;박현규;박준홍
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.994-995
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    • 2014
  • Supporting stiffness of seats is an important component affecting dynamic characteristics cognized by a passenger. To analyze dynamic characteristic of a seat for vehicles operating on various road conditions, the seat vibration from road irregularity should be understood and compared. In this study, the seat is analyzed as distributed supporting system. The dynamic stiffness is measured using masses. The characteristic of the seats is analyzed by measuring distributed dynamic stiffness. The distributed dynamic stiffness of the seat is estimated on various locations and the effects of each component such as spatial distribution, compression level and vibration amplitude are analyzed. The influence of seat cover, elastic support and flexible polyurethane foam on the measured stiffness was analyzed.

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정규화된 OEE를 이용한 지진격리장치의 이력거동 추정 (Estimation of Hysteretic Behaviors of a Seismic Isolator Using a Regularized Output Error Estimator)

  • 박현우;전영선;서정문
    • 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2003
  • Hysteretic behaviors of a seismic isolator are identified by using the regularized output error estimator (OEE) based on the secant stiffness model. A proper regularity condition of tangent stiffness for the current OEE is proposed considering the regularity condition of Duhem hysteretic operator. The proposed regularity condition is defined by 12-norm of the tangent stiffness with respect to time. The secant stiffness model for the OEE is obtained by approximating the tangent stiffness under the proposed regularity condition by the secant stiffness at each time step. A least square method is employed to minimize the difference between the calculated response and measured response for the OEE. The regularity condition of the secant stiffness is utilized to alleviate ill-posedness of the OEE and to yield numerically stable solutions through the regularization technique. An optimal regularization factor determined by geometric mean scheme (GMS) is used to yield appropriate regularization effects on the OEE.

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합성형교의 외측강성 영향 평가 (Evaluation on the Edge Stiffening Affect of Composite Girder Bridge)

  • 성기태;박영훈;이승용
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제28권2A호
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2008
  • 강성비를 이용한 합성형교 외측강성 영향 평가의 타당성을 평가하기 위하여 동일 강성비에서 거더 간격 변화에 따른 수정계수를 해석적으로 분석하였으며, 강성비, 하중 형태, 거더 간격이 수정계수에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 현장재하시험 및 기존 설계법의 수정계수와 본 연구에서 분석된 수정계수를 비교한 결과 강성비를 이용한 외측강성 영향 평가가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

횡하중하의 포스트 텐션 플랫 플레이트 해석을 위한 강성감소계수 (Stiffness Reduction Factor for Post-Tensioned Flat Plate Slabs under Lateral Loads)

  • 박영미;박진아;한상환
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.661-668
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    • 2009
  • 횡하중을 받는 포스트 텐션(PT) 플랫 플레이트 슬래브 골조의 해석은 일반적으로 유효보폭모델을 많이 사용한다. 횡 변위비와 불균형 모멘트을 예측하기 위한 유효보폭모델의 정확성은 PT 플랫 플레이트 슬래브의 유효강성을 어떻게 평가하느냐에 달려 있다. 슬래브 강성은 횡하중에 의한 작용모멘트의 증가와 함께 감소되기 때문에, 슬래브의 강성 감소현상은 플랫 플레이트 골조의 해석에 반영되어야 하며 균열의 영향 또한 고려되어야 한다. 횡하중을 받는 PT 플랫 플레이트 슬래브 구조의 정확한 해석을 위해 슬래브 강성감소는 유효보폭모델이 정확하게 되어야 한다. 이 목적을 위해 이 연구는 기존 연구자들에 의해 실시된 PT 플랫 플레이트 내부 및 외부 접합부의 실험 결과를 수집하였다. 그리고 이 연구는 시행착오를 통해 각 실험체의 횡강성에 유효보폭모델의 강성이 수렴하도록 슬래브의 폭을 감소시켰다. 슬래브의 모멘트 크기에 따라 비선형 회귀 분석을 수행함으로서 슬래브에 대한 강성감소계수 계산식을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서는 제안된 식의 정확성을 검증하기 위해서 PT 플랫 플레이트 골조의 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 제안된 식을 적용한 유효보폭모델은 작용하중의 크기에 따라 변화하여 PT 실험체의 실제 강성을 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

Method for flexural stiffness of steel-concrete composite beams based on stiffness combination coefficients

  • Ding, Faxing;Ding, Hu;He, Chang;Wang, Liping;Lyu, Fei
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.127-144
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    • 2022
  • To investigate the flexural stiffness of the steel-composite beam, the contributions of the concrete slab and steel beam to the stiffness were considered separately. The method for flexural stiffness of the composite beam, considering the stiffness of the concrete slab and steel beam, was proposed in this paper. In addition, finite element models of the composite beams were established and validated. Parametric analyses were carried out to study the effects of different parameters on the neutral axis distance reduction factors of the concrete slab and steel beam. Afterward, the neutral axis distance reduction factors were fitted, and the stiffness combination coefficients of the two parts were solved. Based on the stiffness combination coefficients, the flexural stiffness of the composite beam can be obtained. The proposed method was validated by the tested and analyzed results. The method has a simple form and high accuracy in predicting the flexural stiffness of the steel-concrete composite beam, even though the degree of shear connection is less than 0.5.