• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2010

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica is a deciduous tree used in traditional medicine. In this study, we examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and compounds isolated from U. davidiana var. japonica stem barks for development of cosmetic phyto-materials. Phytochemical examination of the stem bark led to the isolation and characterization of three known compounds, (+)-catechin (1), (+)-catechin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-apiofuranoside (2), and procyanidin B3 ((+)-catechin-($4{\alpha}{\to}8$)-(+)-catechin) (3). Their bioactivities including antioxidant (DPPH ree radical scavenging assay) activity, anti-inflammatory (nitric oxide nhibition assay) were evaluated. Most of the crude extracts and isolates indicated significant antioxidant potential compared with BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol as controls. Futhermore, all compounds showed higher inhibitory activities for NO production in Raw 264.7 cells than the L-NMMA using the positive control. Eespecially, (+)-catechin (1) and (+)-catechin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-apiofuranoside (2) which could inhibit more than 90% of the NO production at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, implying excellent anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

A comparative study of the structure and organization of the primary and secondary walls in different types of tropical plant waste fibers was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thickness of each layer was also measured using Image Analyzer. TEM micrographs haveconfirmed that cell wall structure of all six types of tropical plant waste fibers (empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, oil palm trunk, coir, banana stem and pineapple leaf) has the same ultrastructure with wood fibre. The fibers consisted of middle lamella, primary and thick secondary wall with different thickness for different types of fibers. The secondary wall was differentiated into a $S_1$ layer, a unique multi-lamellae $S_2$ layer, and $S_3$ layer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.903-912
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• 2016

Morphological and anatomical evaluation of grafted P. merkusii have been undertaken to obtain the information about compatible and incompatible symptoms of 18 years old grafts based on morphological observation and microscopic analysis. Samples of compatible and incompatible grafts were obtained from previous research conducted by the Silviculture Departement Team in 1994. Result showed that compatible grafts have normal stem form and secondary growth (diameter growth), but some abnormality symptoms like undulated pattern of annual growth rings, phloem thickening and abnormality resin ducts in inner and middle parts of the union area occurred. Incompatible ones showed abnormality of the stem form, cortex-bark necrosis and swelling in the union area. Microscopic observation showed abnormality of all parts of the union, undulated pattern of annual growth rings, phloem thickening, abnormal resin ducts, low numbers and discontinuity of vascular elements in the union area.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 1986

Anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem in the roots and the stems of genus Pinus including nine species growing naturally in Korea have been studied to elucidate the structural differences between two organs. The results, comparing the root woods with the stem woods, are as follows; The transition from the early-wood to the late-wood occurs more gradually in the root woods. In the root woods, the bordered pits on the radial wall of tracheid are frequent in the two rows. The spiral thickening on the radial and tangential wall of the tracheid can be seen in the only stem woods of four species such as P. koraiensis, P. rigida, P. rigitaeda and P. banksiana. In the majority of the species studied, the length of the tracheid is longer in the root woods, but in some species such as P. strobus, P. densiflora, P. rigida and P. sylvestris, this length is almost sam ein both organs. The diameter of the tracheid in the root woods is wider. The wall thickness of the tracheid in the early wood is thicker in the root woods, but vice versa in the late woods. More rays per unit area can be seen in the root woods.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2015

Stems of Pinus thunbergii Parl. grown with high salinity were analyzed for chemical characteristics. Stem of 2 years was rich in soluble compounds and stem of 3 years reduced the amount of the soluble compound. But, the lignin content have not seen a large change. Also, Klason lignins of stem of 2 and 3 years has not changed in nitrogen and hydrogen content. In Klason process, it was significantly increased the carbon concentration due to the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate. In addition, the accumulation of xylan from Pinus thunbergii Parl. with salinity treatment were increased noticeably. Finally, functional group of Pinus thunbergii Parl. with salinity treatment were not changed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.309-312
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• 2011

Chipped stem wood from Lindera glauca was extracted repeatedly with 80% aqueous methanol at room temperature, and the concentrated methanolic extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol, and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc fraction, four sterols were isolated through a repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structures of the sterols were elucidated as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), 7-ketositosterol (2), 7${\beta}$-hydroxysitosterol (3), and daucosterol (4). Among them, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from the stem woods of this plant.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1989

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 잘 형성(形成)된 소나무(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.)의 굽어진 수간(樹幹)과 곧은 지재(枝材) 및 지면(地面)에 노출된 측근(測根)에서 압축이상재율(壓縮異常材率)과 편심율(偏心率)변이에 따른 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)와 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)의 조직학적(組織學的) 특성(特性)과 방사조직(放射組織)의 수량적(數量的) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査) 검토(檢討)하고자 실시(實施)하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 수간(樹幹)은 지상(地上)에서 수고방향(樹高方向)으로 상승함에 따라, 지재(枝材)는 수간(樹幹)에서 가지방향으로 멀어짐에 따라, 압축이상재율(壓縮異常材率)과 편심율(偏心率)이 줄어드는 경향을 나타내었으므로 20cm간격으로 각각 4개씩의 원판(圓板)을 채취(採取)하여 시편(試片)으로 사용(使用)하였다. 또한 근재(根材)는 압축이상재(壓縮異狀材)가 가장 양호(良好)하게 형성(形成)된 부위(部位)에서 한 개의 원판(圓板)을 채취(採取)하여 사용(使用)하였다. 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 조직학적(組織學的) 특성(特性)은 횡단면상(橫斷面上) 가도관(假導管)의 둥근형태(形態), 춘재(春材)로 부터 추재(秋材)로의 매우 점진적(漸進的)인 가도관이행(假導管移行), 가도관선단부의 뒤얽힘 및 나선강(螺旋腔)과 세포간극의 존재 등 측면재(側面材) 및 대응재(對應材)와 다른 특성(特性)을 나타냈으며, 압축이상재율(壓縮異常材率)과 편심율(偏心率)이 작아짐에 따라 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)와 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재간조직학적(側面材間組織學的) 특성(特性)의 차이(差異)가 다소 줄어드는 경향을 보였지만 그 특성(特性)은 유지(維持)됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 단위면적 당 수직 수지구수는 대응재(對應材)다 적었으나 단위연륜당 수직수지구의 수는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 대응재(對應材)보다 많았으며 단위면적당 방추형방사조직(紡錘形放射組織)(평균수지구(水平樹脂溝)의 수(數와) 단열방사조직(單列放射組織)의 수(數)는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)와 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재간(側面材間)에 차이(差異)가 없였다. 그렇지만 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 방추형방사조직(紡錘形放射組織)과 단열방사조직(單列放射組織)의 폭(幅)은 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)보다 넓으나 이들의 세포고(細胞高)는 낮은 경향(傾向)을 나타내어 이들 방사조직(放射組織)의 폭(幅)과 세포고(細胞高)는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 고유한 특성(特性)이라 생각되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2016

The purposes of this study are to calculate the green and dried weight using wood discs, to figure out weight change on air drying times, and to develop the model of wood disc weight change for Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus densiflora. The variables affecting the weight change were investigated, and the pattern of weight change over time was figured out through linear models. When comparing the stem green weight calculated using wood discs in this study with the weight table of Korea Forest Service, the weight was not significantly different for L. kaempferi and P. koraiensis. On the other hand, in comparison of stem dried weight, the weight was significantly different in all of three species. In addition, various measurement factors were examined to figure out the relationship with weight change, and air drying times and disc diameter were found as significant independent variables. Finally, two linear models were developed to estimate air drying times of three species, fit statistics were significant for practical use.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

Tension wood, a specialized tissue developed in the upper side of the leaning stem and drooping branches of angiosperm, is an attractive experimental system attractive for exploring the development and the biochemical pathways of the secondary cell wall formation, as well as the control mechanism of the carbon flux into lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. However, the mechanism underlying the induction and the development of the tension wood is largely unknown. Recently, several researchers suggested the possible roles of the plant growth hormones including auxin, gibberellin, and ethylene mainly based on the expression pattern of the genes in this specialized tissue. In addition, expressed sequence tag of Poplar and Eucalyptus provide global view of the genetic control underlying the tension wood formation. However, the roles of the majority of the identified genes have not yet been clearly elucidated. The present review summarized current knowledge on the biosynthesis of tension wood to provide a brief synopsis of the molecular mechanism underlying the development of the tension wood.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

본 연구는 전북 무주지역 36년생 리기다소나무 임분을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스 추정식을 개발하고, 줄기밀도와 바이오매스 확장계수를 산출하고자 하였다. 리기다소나무의 흉고직경을 독립변수로 하고 바이오매스를 종속변수로 하는 상대생장식을 추정한 결과, 잎 (78%)과 가지 (83%)를 제외하면 모든 부위에서 결정계수가 95% 이상의 높은 설명력을 나타냈다. 리기다소나무의 바이오매스량은 줄기 목질부 $65.9 Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 줄기 수피 $9.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 가지 $19.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 잎 $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 전체 $102Mg\;ha^{-1}$로 나타났으며, 바이오매스 구성비는 줄기목질부 (64.6%) > 가지 (19.2%) > 줄기 수피 (9.3%) > 잎 (6.9%) 순으로 나타났다. 리기다소나무의 줄기밀도 $(g/cm^{3})$는 0.453으로 나타났고, 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.344로 나타났다.