• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

This experiment was designed to improve the production efficiency of germ-line chimeric mice from phospholipase C (PLC)-$\beta$3 or peroxiredoxin (Prx) E -targeted ($\Delta$) ES cells by the investigating the manipulation conditions and characteristics of Jl ES cells. Four targeting clones were isolated to investigate the karyotypical and morphological stability prior to injection. All clones ($\Delta$PLC$\beta$-3 C3, $\Delta$Prx II C3, C10 and I5) showed more than 80% euploidism, however, most of $\Delta$PLC$\beta$-3 C3 clones were extensively differentiated compared to the other clones. Nine of 13 $\Delta$Prx II chimeras appeared to have at least 80% chimerism, whereas $\Delta$PLC$\beta$-3 C3 chimeras had 20% chimerism at most. Therefore, the morphological stability of ES cells under stable euploidism might mainly affect the production rate of high-coat chimeric mice. To increase the collection rate of injectable blastocysts (IBs), 5 to 10 week -aged C57BL/6J female mice were sacrificed at 3.5 days post-coitum. Ten week-aged mice were the most optimal IB donors by showing the highest collection rate (2.94/mouse) of injectable blastocysts without increase of non-injectable embryos (0.29/mouse). Foster mothers might be another factor because ICR x C57BL/6J F1 foster mother showed more increased productivity in litter size (2.8 vs. 5.6) and chimera (0 vs. 35.3%) than those of ICR foster mothers. In conclusion, the efficient production of germ-line chimeras mainly depends on the maintenance of ES cell morphology during targeting procedure, and the establishment of manipulation conditions might be a key point to maximize it.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2009

In the present study, ten herbal extracts, Citrus unshiu Markovich, root and stem of Berberis koreana, Morus alba, Dendrobium moniliforme, Aster gramineus, A. scabar, Alisma canaliculatum, Fallopia japonica and Origanum (O.) vulgare were determined to examine anti-mycoplasmal activity. Among them, O. vulgare extract (OVE) showed strong anti-mycoplasmal activity and was analyzed by gaschromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). As the results, OVE was consisted of carvacrol (68.78%), o-cymene (9.80%), terpinene (7.61%) and thymol (4.03%) as main ingredients. To investigate inflammatory activity by intact pathogenic Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) at 30 $\mu$g/ml, we examined induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 cells. With the above results, we further investigated whether OVE could reduce inflammation induced by M. hyo at minimal inhibitory concentration. The result showed that 32 $\mu$g/ml of OVE inhibited nitric oxide production by 60%. This study also evaluated the combination of OVE with antibacterials against M. hyo for application. Based on these results, it could be concluded that M. hyo induces inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and OVE protects this inflammation, indicating that OVE may be useful for industrial animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2017

Chlorogenic acid, a well-known polyphenol, and its derivatives, ester of caffeic acid on quinic acid moiety, are abundant in coffee, tea, fruits, and various vegetables. This study examined the effects of cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) on osteoblast differentiation. CCA-induced mRNA expression levels of osteogenic genes in MC3T3E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were determined by RT-PCR and qPCR. CCA regulated expression of key osteogenic genes in the early stage of differentiation, including distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). These results suggest that CCA may enhance osteoblast differentiation through expression of osteogenic genes such as Id1, Dlx5, and Runx2, especially in the early stage.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to study the semantic characteristics of men's cosmetics brand names by analyzing 51 brand names in the domestic market, so as to find ways to develop strategic brand names. In order to investigate this area, the study looked at the Interbrand Company's Name Spectrum, and the results are as follows. The men's cosmetics brand names turned out to be freestanding brand names, descriptive brand names, and associative brand names, in that order. The freestanding brand names were found to be the initial combinations of the words that have the desired benefits in the concepts of the pertinent brands; in other words, coined brand names that were made by synthesizing words such as nice men, naturalism, eco-friendly plant-derived materials and ideal skin. Associative brand names are generally used to express the effect of enhancing brand awareness by considering the phonetic image of the word or prompting a masculine and favorable image. Descriptive brand names use language symbols such as men, homme, man, monsieur and gentle to represent specific business and product categories for men, and also use stem, plant, flower, skin, beauty, moisturizing, tosowoong and so on to provide the properties and beneficial information related to the products. In conclusion, the men's cosmetics brand names embody an important factor that symbolizes the concepts, functions or features of the brand, and there is a need for men's cosmetic brands to develop more unique and distinctive brand names to promote their brand names as constitutional factors that can build brand power and strengthen brand image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

The immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata L. or Ponciri fructus (PF), well known as 'Jisil' in Korea, have been used against allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional Oriental medicine. Anti-allergic effects of this fruit have been investigated in a few experimental models. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the principal immunoglobulin involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases. The effect of an aqueous extract of PF on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was investigated. PF dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, Bordetelia pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. PF strongly inhibited interleukin 4 (IL-4)-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, Ponciri fructus also showed an inhibitory effect on the IgE production. On the other hand, mast cell hyperplasia can be causally related with chronic inflammation. Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand of the c-kit protooncogene product, is a major regulator and ohernoattractant of mast cells. Ponciri fiuctus (1 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the SCF-induced migration of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). RPMCs exposed to SCF (50 ng/mL) resulted in a drastic shape change with a polarized morphology while the cells exposed to Ponciri fructus (1 mg/mL) remained resting, with little or no shape alteration. The drastic morphological alteration and distribution of polymerized actin were blocked by pretreatment with Ponciri fructus. In addition, Ponciri fructus inhibited both TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from RPMCs stimulated with SCF. These results suggest that Ponciri fructus has an anti-allergic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells. These findings also provide evidence that Ponciri fructu inhibits chemotactic response and inflammatory cytokines secretion to SCF in mast cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2015

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in metastasis and implicated in the phenotype of cancer stem cells. Therefore, understanding and controlling EMT, are essential to the prevention and cure of metastasis. In the present study, we examined, by Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and confocal microscopy, the effects of cardamonin (CDN) on transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$)-induced EMT of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. TGF-${\beta}1$ induced expression of N-cadherin and decreased expression of E-cadherin. CDN suppressed N-cadherin expression and restored E-cadherin expression. Further, TGF-${\beta}1$ induced migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells, which was suppressed by CDN. TGF-${\beta}1$ induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation during EMT, but CDN blocked it. Protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression in A549 cancer cells was reduced by TGF-${\beta}1$ but CDN restored it. The overall data suggested that CDN suppresses TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT via PP2A restoration, making it a potential new drug candidate that controls metastasis.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Recently, research and commercialization related to the field of cell-based therapeutic drug development has been actively conducted. In order to maintain cell viability and prevent contamination, refrigeration preservation devices, such as CRF (controlled rate freezer) or vapor type LN2 tanks have been developed. On the other hand, the storage container for liquid nitrogen tanks currently on sale minimizes the flow structure to prevent structural defects when stored in a liquid nitrogen tank having a high thermal conductivity than vapor nitrogen. If the cell-based treatment drug is stored in the gaseous LN2 tank as it is, the cell survival after thawing is greatly reduced. It was estimated that the existing storage container structure was a factor that prevented the rapid entry and circulation of gaseous nitrogen into the container. Therefore, this study intends to propose a new supercellular storage container model that can maintain the mechanical strength while maximizing the fluid flow structure. To this end, we estimated that the structural change of the storage container effects on the equivalent stress formed around the through-holes of them when exposed to a cryogenic environment using thermal-structural coupled field analysis. As a result of storage experiments in the gas phase tank of the cell-based therapeutic agent using the developed storage container, it was confirmed that the cell growth rate was improved from 66% to 77%, which satisfied the transportation standards of the FDA(Food and Drug Administration) cell-based therapeutic agent.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.411-419
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• 2008

Xylia xylocarpa is fast-growing trees that are currently planted on trial basis in Sabah, Malaysia. The wood quality of trees grown in Sabah may differ from those grown in other places due to the environmental factors. Five 9-year-old trees of each species were extracted from their respective plots at Luasong, Tawau. Wood specimens were prepared from three height levels; bottom, middle and top, at the inner and outer radial positions. The within-tree and between-tree variations of physical properties of these species were analyzed. The basic density, oven-dry density and green moisture content(MC) are 0.72g/$cm^3$, 0.78g/$cm^3$ and 49.8% respectively. The shrinkage from green to oven-dry conditions for the radial and tangential directions were 3.35% and 5.76%, respectively. The trends of within-tree variations for most properties were more consistent in radial rather than vertical direction. This suggests diameter growth to be a more important factor contributing to the variations compared to height. Samples from the outer part of the stem were found to have higher density, shrinkage and mechanical strengths. The between-trees variations of some wood properties were found to be significantly different, probably due to genetic and micro-environmental factors. Significant correlation was recorded among the physical properties of the species. The true potential of X. xylocarpa for end-uses would be enhanced by further research such as the study on properties of wood from different sites and other properties like durability, seasoning, processing and machining characteristics. The characteristics of X. xylocarpa are comparable to a number of local popular hardwood species, indicating its suitability for heavy construction uses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2867-2871
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• 2012

Background: Multiple studies have reported associations between the PSCA rs2294008 C > T polymorphism and GC, but susceptibility has proven inconsistent. Therefore, we estimates the relationship between the rs2294008 C > T polymorphism and GC by meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched and nine independent case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Crude ORs with 95% CIs were extracted according to the Mantal-Haenszel method and pooled to assess the strength of the association. Results: We observed that the PSCA rs2294008 C > T polymorphism was significantly correlated with GC risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. Further subgroup analysis showed the polymorphism to be linked with diffuse and noncardia GC in the allele contrast model, homozygote codominant model, dominant model, and recessive model. However, no connection was apparent for intestinal and cardia GC. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant associations were observed in Asians for the recessive model. Interestingly, the relationship was particularly significant in the Chinese population. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the PSCA rs2294008 C > T polymorphism is a risk factor for GC, especially in diffuse and noncardia GC and in Chinese.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

The control of food intake is a complex phenomenon caused by interactions between central and peripheral control mechanisms. The hypothalamic and brain stem regions have been identified as centers for food intake and energy expenditure in animals and humans. Of these, the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic areas are involved in the control of food intake. Also, large amounts of neurotransmitters known to be involved in feeding are present in the hippocampus. Paricularly, tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH), known as a factor in the control of food intake, is present in high levels in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. In this study, TPH expression levels in the hypothalamic and hippocampal regions of fasting, anorexia mutant, and control mice were compared using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Differences in body weight among the fasting, anorexia mutant, and control groups wire observed. No statistical significance was noted in the number of TPH-immunoactivity in the hypothalamic nuclei, but relatively higher populations of such fibers were observed in the fasting group : the control group yielded samples with an overall value of 170.3${\pm}$3.5 in terms of immunoreactivity-induced optical density, whereas the fasting group yielded a value of 168.3${\pm}$2.6, and the anorexia mutant group 171.3${\pm}$0.8(lower values represent higher immunoreactivity), In fasting mice, stained neuronal bodies were observed in the CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus, which was different from the hippocampal regions of the control and anorexia mutant mice. The RT-PCR procedures were performed using whole brains, precluding any statistically noticeable findings in relation to specific regions, although the fasting and anorexia mutant groups showed 123.3% and 102.9%, respectively, of the TPH mRNA level in the control. The overall results present evidences of the role of TPH in the decrease in food intake during fasting caused by exogenic factors and in genetically acquired anorexia. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 5-12, 2000)