• Carbon letters
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• 제24권
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• pp.36-40
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• 2017

Polyacrylonitrile/pitch nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning as a precursor for a gas sensor material. Pitch nanofibers were properly fabricated by incorporating polyacrylonitrile as an electrospinning supplement component. Polyacrylonitrile/pitch nanofibers were activated with steam at various temperatures followed by subsequent carbonization to make carbon nanofibers with a highly conductive graphitic structure. Steam activation was effective in facilitating gas adsorption onto the carbon nanofibers due to the increased surface area. The carbon nanofibers activated at $800^{\circ}C$ had a larger surface area and a lower micro pore fraction resulting in a higher variation in electrical resistance for improved CO gas sensing properties.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1016-1021
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• 1999

활상탄소섬유는 입상 활성탄에 비해 빠른 흡 · 탈착 속도와 높은 흡착량을 갖기 때문에 흡착재, 촉매, 분자체와 같은 환경 신소재로서 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 안정화 PAN계 탄소섬유를 수증기와 CO2를 이용한 물리적 활성화에 의해 여러 등급의 활성탄소섬유를 제조하였고, 비표면적, 요오드 흡착량, 세공구조 등을 측정하였다. 수증기 활성화에서 77%의 burn-off에서 비표면적이 1019 m2/g을 나타내었고, 반면에 CO2 활성화에서는 52%의 burn-off에서 7168m2/g의 비표면적을 갖는 활성탄소섬유가 제조되었다 그러나, 비슷한 burn-off에서는 CO2로 활성화한 경우에서 세공용적이 0.37 cc/g이고, 요오드 흡착량이 1589 mg/g으로서 수증기 활성화보다 더 큰 세공용적과 요오드 흡착량을 나타내었다. 또한 제조된 활성탄소섬유의 질소 흡착등온선들은 Brunaner-Deming-Deming-Teller의 분류에 따르면 모두 type I으로 주로 미세공들로 이루어져 있음을 알 수가 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2141-2148
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• 2000

본 연구는 무연탄올 원료로 제조한 활성탄의 활성화 시간과 burn-off에 따른 세공구조의 변화를 고찰한 것으로 77K에서 질소 흡착실험에 의해 특성을 분석했다. 활성화 시간의 증가에 따라 burn-off는 거의 선형적으로 증가하며, burn-off를 증가시킴에 따라 제조된 활성탄의 총세공부피와 BET 비표면적은 증가했다. $800^{\circ}C$의 활성화는 $950^{\circ}C$의 활성화에 비해 미세세공(micropore)을 많이 생성시켰고, 동일한 burn-off에서는 저온에서 활성화시킨 활성탄에 미세세공이 발달하고 고온에서 활성화시킨 활성탄에 중간이상의 세공이 더 발달해 있었다. 수증기 활성화에 의해서는 직경 $100{\AA}$ 이하의 세공이 주로 발달되었으며 특히 $6{\sim}40{\AA}$ 범위의 세공은 burn-off의 정도에 따라 상당히 발달됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

A series of activated carbons (ACs) were derived from sugarcane bagasse under two activation schemes: steam-pyrolysis at $600-800^{\circ}C$ and chemical activation with $H_3PO_4$ at $500^{\circ}C$. Some carbons were treated at 400, $600^{\circ}C$, or for 1-3 h, and/or in flowing air during pyrolysis of acid-impregnated mass. XRD profiles displayed two broad diffuse bands centered around $2{\theta}=23$ and $43^{\circ}$, currently associated with diffraction from the 002 and 100/101 set of planes in graphite, respectively. These correspond to the interlayer spacing, Lc, and microcrystallite lateral dimensions, La, of the turbostratic (fully disordered) graphene layers. Steam pyrolysis-activated carbons exhibit only the two mentioned broad bands with enhancement in number of layers, with temperature, and small decrease in microcrystallite diameter, La. XRD patterns of $H_3PO_4$-ACs display more developed and separated peaks in the early region with maxima at $2{\theta}=23$, 26 and $29^{\circ}$, possibly ascribed to fragmented microcrystallites (or partially organized structures). Diffraction within the $2{\theta}=43^{\circ}$ is still broad although depressed and diffuse, suggesting that the intragraphitic layers are less developed. Varying the conditions of chemical activation inflicts insignificant structural alterations. Circulating air during pyrolysis leads to enhancement of the basic graphitic structure with destruction and degradation in the lateral dimensions.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2008

The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of the preparation of the activated carbon (AC) from coconut tree flowers using high temperature fluidized bed reactor (HTFBR). The activating agent used in this work is steam. The reactor was operated at various activation temperature (650, 700, 750, 800 and $850^{\circ}C$) and activation time (30, 60, 120 and 240 min) for the production of AC from coconut tree flowers. Effect of activation time and activation temperature on the quality of the AC preparation was observed. Prepared AC was characterized in-terms of iodine number, methylene blue number, methyl violet number, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGME) surface area and SEM photographs. The best quality of AC from coconut tree flowers (CFC) was obtained at an activation temperature and time of $850^{\circ}C$ and 1 hr restectively. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from coconut tree flowers in adsorbing crystal violet from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, carbon dosage, and pH. The adsorption of crystal violet onto AC followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity $q_m$ was 277.78 mg/g., equilibrium time was found to be 180 min. This adsorbent from coconut tree flowers was found to be effective for the removal of CV dye.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.928-935
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 PAN계 안정화섬유를 원료로 하여 수증기를 이용한 물리적 활성화에 의해 여러 등급의 활성탄소섬유를 제조하고, 비표면적, 요오드 흡착량, 미세구조, 세공구조 등을 측정하여 제조조건에 따른 그 특성변화를 고찰하였다. 수증기를 이용한 물리적 활성화에서 기존의 탄화과정과 활성화과정의 2단계를 이용한 공정과, 탄화공정과 활성화 공정을 동시에 수행하는 1단계 활성화과정을 비교함으로써 저가로 활성탄소섬유를 제조할 수 있는 제조방법을 연구하였다. 2단계 법에서는 안정화 섬유를 $900^{\circ}C$에서 탄화한 후 이를 다시 $900^{\circ}C$에서 활성화하는 방법으로 $1019m^2/g$의 비표면적을 갖는 활성탄소섬유를 얻었으나 1단계 방법에서는 $900^{\circ}C$에서 $1636m^2/g$의 비표면적을 갖는 활성탄소섬유를 제조하였다. 이들 활성탄소섬유 사이에는 비표면적, 요오드 흡착력, 기공분포 등이 서로 차이가 있음에도 불구하고, Brunauer-Deming-Deming-Teller(BDDT)에 의한 분류에서는 제I형을 나타내는 공통점도 가지고 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.419-423
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 인도네시아산 석탄을 원료로 수증기 활성화 방법으로 Rotary Kiln을 탄화 및 부활로로 이용하여 활성탄을 제조하였으며, 활성화 온도 $900^{\circ}C$에서 탄화온도와 반응수증기량이 활성탄의 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 최적의 조업조건은 탄화온도 $700^{\circ}C$, 활성화온도 $900^{\circ}C$에서 총수증기 주입량이 2.7g steam/g char인 경우였으며, 이 조건하에서 제조된 활성탄은 경도 97, 충진밀도 0.48, 요오드흡착력 1,010mg/g, M.B. 흡착력 230mg/g, B.E.T. $1,020m^2/g$의 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2000

Activated carbons were prepared from Korean coal by steam activation in this study. The variation of pore structure of the activated carbons were investigated according to different carbonization temperatures. Yield, surface area, pore volume and pore structure of this activated carbon were compared with those of activated carbon prepared without carbonization. The investigated carbonization temperature ranged from 700${\circ}C$ to 1,000${\circ}C$. Carbonization was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere for 70 minutes and activation was performed by steam at 950${\circ}C$ for 210 minutes. Surface area and pore volume of the resulting activated carbons increased with carbonization temperature. Also pore volume increased by 20% compared to the activated carbon without carbonization. Especially, in mesopore region, the activated carbon carbonized at 900${\circ}C$ had more pores by 60% than that of activated carbon carbonized at other temperature.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2000

Activated carbons were prepared from Youngwall coal by steam activation in this study. The feasibility of the Youngwall coal to commercial activated carbon was examined. The variation of pore structures and the development of porosity in activated carbons were investigated by changing activation conditions in batch type apparatus. The values of BET surface area and adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue of the resulting activated carbons were obtained as high as 1,000$m^2$m^2$$/g, 900mg/g, 150$m\ell$/g, respectively. Youngwall activated carbon prepared in this study showed much higher pore volume in pore diameter over 10 than that of commercial reference activated carbon(Ningxia Taihua ZJ-15C) produced from China anthracite.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2015

This study aims to conduct a case study of the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) outreach program development and their application. This program was operated by 184 middle and high school students at C University on October 2014. The major results of these studies were as follows: First, The theme of the outreach program consisted of four engineering areas, aerospace engineering, chemical engineering, architectural engineering, and mechatronics (robot) engineering; moreover, the materials for the students' workbook, the guidebook for teachers, and the program operation manual for staffs in a university were developed by working with four authors and ten subject matter experts. Second, the satisfaction level with the contents and activities was ranged from 4.24-4.31 out of 5 points. Third, the vitalizing activation plan was discussed for the sustainable development and operation of the STEAM outreach program.