• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.25
• /
• pp.775-798
• /
• 2011

From Post-Modern Edo-language of Japan, it is possible to find expression formats related to current Tokyo language. However, in some cases, Tokyo language and Edo-language has the same format but different usage. One example is the ending portion of a sentence. This research investigates conclusive expressions of Edo-language in literary works excluding the usage of "ダ". Various formats of conclusive expressions appear in a conversation, and the usage is closely related to the speaker's sex, age, and social status. Also from the study, it was possible to see that the social relationship between a speaker and a listener and a conversation circumstance has an effect on the usage of conclusive expressions. In addition, usage does not conform to the current standard Japanese. 1. Currently "である(dearu)" format is seldom used in speaking, it is used with "だ" only in writing. The study found no case of "である(dearu)" in conclusive expressions but some use of "であろうて(dearoute) であらうな(dearouna)" "であったのう(deattanou) であったよ(deattayo)" only in old aged male. 2. "であります(dearimasu)" format is a typical Edo-language used by society-women (Japanese hostess who has a good education and an elegant speaking skills). This format was used once in "浮世風呂"(ukiyoburo) and 14 times in "梅?"(umegoyomi), but speakers were always a female. The reason for 14 occurrences in "梅?" is closely related to the fact that the main characters are society-women and genre is "人情本(ninjoubourn)" which is popular type of cultural literature (based on humanity and romance) in late Edo period. 3. "でござる" format is originally used as a respect-language but later changed to a polite language. The format is always used by male. It is a male language used by old aged people with a genteel manner such as a medical doctor, a retired man, or a funny-song writer. 4. "ございます(gozaimasu) ごぜへます(gozeemasu)" The study found the speaker's social status has a connection with the use of "ごぜへます(gozeemasu)" format. Which is "ございます(gozaimasu)" format but instead of [ai], long vowel [eː] is used. "ごぜへます(gozeemasu)" is more used by a female than a male and only used by young and mid-to-low class people. The format has a tough nuance and less elegant feel, therefore high class and/or educated ladies have a clear tendency to avoiding it

• CELLMED
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.10.1-10.5
• /
• 2023

Objective: A report investigating the positive effects of Korean language learning on the psychological healing of local students studying Korean during the period of disobedience in Myanmar. Methods: 37 students studying Korean at local foreign language universities in Myanmar and unable to attend school anymore due to their opposition to the military regime are experiencing psychological symptoms of distress and anger. Results: In this survey, Most Myanmar students responded that they receive psychological healing through self-study of the Korean language. Conclusion: It can be inferred that Korean language learning has psychological healing effects.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.40 no.8
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of child's age, language ability, social competence, parenting style, and socioeconomic status on preschoolers' theory of mind. The subjects were selected randomly from kindergartens and composed of three hundred 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds and their parents and teachers. The data was analyzed by analysis of covariance and t-test. The major findings of this study were summarized as follows: it was found that language ability, parenting style, SES, and social competence had a positive effect upon preschoolers' theory of mind. This relation remained significant with children's age controlled. Children's theory of mind was more strongly related when their parents were highly affectionate with their children, children's language ability was greater, parents held higher socioeconomic status than those who had less prominent one, or children with higher social competence.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.527-545
• /
• 2003

I look at the respective responsibilities of different components of the language faculty in the description of two radically different kinds of linguistic phenomenon. The first is the production/perception mismatch in the child's acquisition of the phonology of its first language. There is strong evidence that the child's lexical representations are the same as the adult's, but I argue that the child's own pronunciations, have no linguistic status and are best treated as the product of a neural network. The second is the nature of compositionality, where I argue that compositionality in Natural Language is derivative from that in the Language of Thought. With this assumption and using evidence from quantification in ‘backward control’ structures, I argue that chain theory is intrinsically inimical to a simple view of the legibility relation between LF and LoT.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.673-684
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare the complexity of language level between verbally-precocious and typically-developing children from 2 to 3 years-old. Participants were 15 children classified as verbally-precocious were scored at the mean 56.85(expressive language) and 88.82(receptive language), and another 15 children classified as typically developing did at the mean 33.51(expressive language) and 58.01(receptive language) on MCDI-K. Each child's spontaneous utterances in interaction with her caregiver were collected at three different times with 6 months interval. All of the utterances were transcribed and analyzed for the use of MLU and lexical diversity by using KCLA. Summarizing the overall results, verbally-precocious children had significantly higher language abilities than typically-developing children at each time, and there were significant differences between two groups in syntactic and semantic language development, showing that verbally-precocious children indicated distinctive MLU and lexical diversity. These results suggest a high degree of stability in precocious verbal status, with variations in language complexity during conversations contributing to later differences in their language ability.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.335-357
• /
• 2007

This study aims to investigate the pragmatic features of Korean EFL learners' interlanguage in the communicative act of complaining. Since a complaint, by its nature, is likely to cause offence, thereby threatening the social relationship between the speaker and the hearer, making a complaint in a polite manner is of crucial importance in maintaining harmonious social relationships. However, very little research has been carried out on the complaint speech act performances of Korean EFL learners. In particular, studies which attempt to examine the effect of social status on the choice of complaint speech act strategies are rare. The present study compared the complaint speech act performances of Korean EFL learners and those of native speakers of English with respect to social status. 24 Korean EFL learners and 28 native speakers of English participated and the data were collected via a Discourse Completion Test. The findings revealed that Korean EFL learners differed from native English speakers in the use of complaint strategies. These results indicate that Korean EFL learners lack certain important skills necessary to make complaints appropriately, suggesting the need for the foreign language learners to develop a more extensive pragmatic knowledge of complaint strategies.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the related factors to dental care utilization, oral health behaviors, and oral health status in immigrant workers in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 504 foreign immigrant male workers over 20 years old who visited Daegu labor consultation center for oral health survey and oral examination. The questionnaire included 5 questions of socioeconomic characteristics, 8 questions of oral health practice behavior, 6 questions of dental clinic visit, 8 questions of social relations and Korean language proficiency. The question for health behavior was measure by body mass index(BMI). Social relations and Korean language proficiency instrument was modified by Seol from "Family welfare survey in Korean international marriage" and scored by Liker 5 scale. Results: The oral health examination of the immigrant workers was as follows: decayed teeth - 76.6%, filling teeth - 27.4%, missing teeth - 69.8%, dental caries experience above five or more - 60.2%, periodontal pocket tissues - 58.9%. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index was very poor and accounted for 49.0%. Dental care utilization experience was closely associated with social relation indexes including attendance in family events, household stuff help, financial help and counseling for hard work(p<0.01). Dental care utilization experience proportionally increased with proficiency in Korean literacy including speaking, listening, and writing abilities of Korean language(p<0.01). Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health condition of the immigrant workers, it is important to provide social network, Korean language proficiency support, and health insurance coverage through economic burden reduction by the Korean government.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2017

The international status of the Korean language has been elevated as the demand for studying the language among foreign students has grown sharply over the past few years. Unfortunately, foreign students face difficulties in learning the language, conflicts are also deepening between Korean and foreign students. Using Erin Sander's design research spiral, this paper investigates foreigners' Korean language learning experiences, identify the main cognitive and affective factors influencing their learning process. Research findings collected with the design analysis revealed needs and insights that offer opportunities relevant specifically for the conception, design and development of new products and services related to Korean language learning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2024

In this study, we investigated the current status of written discourse mediation in a more general and in-depth manner, including the training completion experience and knowledge of written discourse mediation among Speech-Language Pathologists in Korea, and the Speech-Language Pathologists' perceptions of written discourse mediation. We wanted to look into the requirements. Research results were derived through a questionnaire answered by 110 Speech-Language Pathologists. As a result, although most Speech-Language Pathologists learned about written discourse intervention in the curriculum, their application of written discourse intervention in clinical settings is insufficient and they have difficulty with written discourse intervention due to lack of systematic and professional knowledge of this intervention. I could tell that I was feeling it. Looking at the status of written discourse intervention, only 46.4% of the Speech-Language Pathologists who responded in clinical settings showed that they had experience with written discourse intervention. In other words, it was analyzed that 53.6% of respondents had no experience with writing discourse mediation. As a result of Speech-Language Pathologists' perception and demand for written discourse intervention, 76.4% of SpeechLanguage Pathologists responded that they thought written discourse intervention was an important area of speech therapy. In addition, 62.8% of respondents responded that a curriculum for discourse mediation is necessary, more than 90% said that continuous research on written discourse mediation is necessary, and 89.1% thought that the development of textbooks and teaching aids was necessary.This study is significant in that it investigated the experiences and perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologists in written discourse intervention and analyzed the results in that it provided direction on how education and various processes related to written discourse intervention should be conducted.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.143-161
• /
• 2002

This essay explores the theories of Italian poet and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini on the language of cinema. In essays such as "The Cinema of Poetry" and "The Written Language of Reality" composed during the 1960s, Pasolini argues for the special status of film language as "pre-grammatical" and links it to visual signifying processes such as dreams and memories. He also views cinema as the inroads towards a general semiotics of reality since, for him, the basic unit of film language is not the shot but those objects of reality that constitute the mise-en-scene of the shot, hence cinema is posited as the written language of reality whose minimal units of articulation are the very objects of reality itself. Accused by semioticians such as Umberto Eco of semiotic ingenuousness in trying to reduce the facts of culture to nature, Pasolini responded by arguing that he was trying to do the opposite, that is to say, to culturalize nature by examining it as a language. Against the constructed naturalism of both commercial and neorealist films, Pasolini argued for the creation of a poetic cinema able to exploit its constitutional pre grammatical, oneiric and sacred relationship with the world. The essay concludes with an analysis of the film Medea in which Pasolini′s attempt to restore a sacred vision of reality merges with his concerns over the cultural genocide of traditional and emarginated peoples at the hands of neocapitalist homologation.