• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.547-556
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• 1989

This survey was carried out to investigate the nutritional status of 102 rural pregnant women after the 2nd trimester and the effect of pregnant nutritional status on newborn infant's anthropometric measurements. 102 rural pregant women's age was distributed 20 to 34. Pregnant height and prepregnant weight were 157.7$\pm$3.2cm and 50.7$\pm$5.4kg, respectively, which were similar to Korean standard, and pregnant weight gain per week after the 2nd trimester was 0.35$\pm$0.13kg, which was showed normal weight gain. Pregnant blood pressure were 112.6$\pm$12.7mmHg (systolic pressure) and 71.8$\pm$10.6(diastolic pressure), and energy and protein intake were 83.8$\pm$34.3% and 72.2$\pm$24.2% of RDA, respectively. Hemoglobin and blood protein level of 17 pregnant women who selected among total pregnant women were 11.8$\pm$1.0g / dl, 6.5$\pm$0.9g / dl, respectively. Height, weight, and head circumference of 17 newborn infants who delivered from 17 pregnant women were 50.1$\pm$1.9cm, 3.4$\pm$0.6kg, and 31.4$\pm$1.2cm, respectively, which were similar to Korean standard. Infant height, weight, and head circumference at birth were significantly correlated with pregnant higher than dietary intakes and weight gain per week during midpregnancy.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.332-347
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• 1998

This study was performed for the purpose of analyzing the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between urban area and rural area. A total of 129 midlife women who have lived in seoul, Kyeung ki and Kangwon were selected conveniently and data were collected by structured questionnaire from May to June, 1998. The instruments were the menopausal symptoms scale developed by Neugarten, Ci Sung-Ai & Kim Hy-Eun. Data analysis was done by Chi-square test, ANOVA, t-test. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean score for the menopausal symptoms of midlife women was 2.12. Serious menopausal symptoms which could be found in this study were "joint pain and numbness of arm and leg"(2.63), "fatigue and powerlessness"(2.58), "nervousness"(2.44). Over 97.8% of women complained menopausal symptoms. 2. In the relationship between social demographic variables and menopausal symptoms of midlife women were significant difference in urban area and rural area(t=-4.569, P=.000), marriage status(F=4.809, P=.010), education(F=7.359, P=.000), married son and daughter(F=7.359, P=.000), mensturational status(F=5.993, P=.003), and satisfaction to husband(F=9.093, P=.000). 3. In the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between two groups were statistically significant differences(t=-4.569, P=.000). The mean score of menopausal symptoms of rural women(2.34) were higher than those of urban women(1.85). This study shows the possible implication for nursing intervention of midlife women's health to prevent and relieve menopausal symptoms.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.527-541
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• 2001

This study was conducted to provide basic information on the nutritional status and health status of the rural elderly. The food intake, food habits and others health related factors were surveryed by interview method. The subjects was 200 people(71 male, 129 female) aged over 65 year in the Han-an area. The obtained results as follows; Their average age is 73.5$\pm$5.6. Mean height and weight of elderly men were 163 cm and 58.1 kg. respectively and 148.7 cm and 50.0 kg for women. The regularity appetite and frequency of eating snacks and eating out were higher in men than in women. The favorite snacks for men were alcohol fruit coffee and for women was fruit, candy, cookies and coffee. The daily alcohol drinking and smoking ration were 50.0%, 60.6% for men, respectively and 14.0%, 24.8 % for women. The nutritional intake ratio to RDA of men was significantly higher than women. Especially, the intakes of energy, Ca, Vit.A, Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$ niacin were extremely low in women. The frequency of alcohol intake was related to nutrient intake of women . There was a negative correlation between age. smoking rate and the nutritional intake. The pocket money, weight height appetite, and frequency of snacks showed a positive relation to nutritional intake. In conclusion the study shows that gender did influence food intake in the elderly, Food intake of women was extremely in deficit, because the most elderly rural women live alone. For successful aging. a program for rural elderly is needed on the govermment level, i.e actions to provide minimum economic life, food delivery and psychological/ physical health care through regional pubilc health centers.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1999

Investigations were made on the status of women groups on processing activities of agricultural products for the Hyogo prefecture in Japan. The data were analyzed with the Hideyosi for Windows(Version 1.19) and the Econometric View for Quantative Micro Softwere(Version 2.0). The results indicats that many rural women groups have their own experience on the activities of processing agricultural products and many other women groups have gained such experience from the management and establishment of the restaurants and direct sales stores. This kind of systems has influenced the activation of each rural district. Further development of the processing of agricultural products by rural women groups in the future demands better cooperation among diverse groups involved in these establishment centers and consumers. In addition, it is necessary to attract young people and train and upgrade them for successive consumers. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 68∼79, 1999)

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were: a) to classify the rural women's roles according to degree of participation in farming and decision making, b) to find out the needs for support policy considering the role types, and c) to put forward the programs for supporting rural women according to their role types. This study was based on a literature review, empirical analysis, and opinions from a panel of experts and professionals including rural women in Korea. Based on the findings from this study, the following suggestions should be considered for supporting the rural women according to the types of their roles: 1) Government should enhance the support system for rural women in terms of policy and social system. Careful considerations on the status of woman farmers according to their role types should be reflected in the policy and social system. 2) Family cultural reform, farming helper system, reducing the housework burden, supporting educational expenses, and providing more opportunities for closer contact to the community actions and educational programs should be included in the support system. 3) Rural women's participation in various community action and educational programs should be encouraged by providing diverse incentives, appropriate information and educational supports designed to support woman farmers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1973

In order to explore the present status of induced abortion, a survey was conducted on 578 married women : 320 employed women, 165 urban and 93 rural housewives, during the period form June, 1972 to september, 1972. The results were as follows: 1. The rates of induced abortion in urban housewives, employed women and rural housewives were 50.3%, 30.3% and 1l.8%, respectively. 2. With regard to the duration of marital life, the rate of induced abortion was higher group of 11-16 and 17-22 years of duration than those of less than 4 years ana more than 23 years. 3. There were significant differences between housewives and the employed women. and also between urban and rural housewives in the rates of induced abortion. 4. The mean number of pregnancies was 4.9 and 4.8 for the rural and urban housewives while for the employed women was 2.1. 5. The mean number of live births was 4.5 and 3.2 for the rural and urban housewives while for the employed women was 2.1. 6. Average number of living children of the women who had experienced induced abortions was 4.8 and 3.1 for the rural and urban housewives while for the employed . women was 2.5. 7. There was a significant correlation between induced abortions and social class or educational level. The higher their level of education or social class, the more frequently women were experienced induced abortions. 8. There was a significant correlation between experience of induced abortions and family planning practice, vis., the women who had experienced induced abortions made more use of family planning practices.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to find perceived health status, ADL, depression, and life satisfaction among the rural elderly and to explore differences according to gender and the stage of exercise change. Methods: This is an exploratory survey study. The subjects were 365 elders consisting of 140 men (38.4%) and 225 women (61.6%) in a rural area in Korea. Data were collected from December, 2006 to January, 2007 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test using the SPSS/WIN 10.0. Results: The mean scores of perceived health status and ADL were lower and depression was higher in women than in men. There were statistically significant differences in perceived health status according to the stage of exercise change. Also there were significant differences in the scores of ADL, depression, and life satisfaction according to the stage of exercise change. Conclusion: The tailored exercise seems to decrease depression while promoting physical health status and life satisfaction among the rural elderly. We suggest considering the client's intention and motivation when developing exercise programs.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.509-515
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to assess the rural women's general status in relation with low back pain. This survey was done after teaching them the prevention and treatment of low back pain with Meckenzie Method. 84 rural resident women including rural life guidance. The results were as follows. 1. The average age of rural were $35{\sim}50$ years old and the guidance's age were $21{\sim}25$ years old. The educational level of rural women were highest in primary school(46.67 %) and the home extension worker were college education(83.67 %). 2. 75 % of rural woman complained low back pain while 17.33 % of the home extension worker had back pain. 3. The home extension worker feel the necessity of the education in low back pain(100 %) while 88.89 % of the rural woman agreed. 4. All the rural women and the home extension worker had the concept of back pain and its prevention(100 %). 5. After this education, the confidence in prevention and treatment were each 78.79 % with rural women and 91.84 % with home extension worker. 6. The necessity for the treatment of low back pain were : first, the correction of posture, second, the activity posture correction, third, the supportive roll of back curve. 7. There were no statistical significant outcome specifically.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1990

1. Background Women's health and their involvement in health care are essential to health for everyone. If they are ignorant, malnourished or over-worked, the health &-their families as well as their own health will suffer. Women's health depends on broad considerations beyond medicine. Among other things, it depends upon their work in farming. their subordination to their families, their accepted roles, and poor hygiene with poorly equipped housing and environmental sanitation. 2. Objectives and Contents a. The health status of rural women : physical and mental complaints, experience of pesticides intoxication, Farmer's syndrome, experiences of reproductive health problems. b. participation in and attitudes towards housework and farming c. accessibility of medical care d. status of maternal health : fertility, family planning practice. induced abortion, and maternal care 3. Research method A nationwide field survey, based on stratified random sampling, was conducted during July, 1986. Revised Cornell Medical index(68 out of 195 items). Kawagai's Farmers Syndrome Scale, and self-developed structured questionnaires were used to rural farming wives(n=2.028). aged between 26-55. 4. Characteristics of the respondents mean age : 40.2 marital status : 90.8% married mean no. of household : 4.9 average years of education : 4.7 yrs. average income of household : \235,000 average years of residence in rural area : 36.4 yrs average Working hours(household and farming) : 11 hrs. 23 min 5. Health Status of rural women a. The average number of physical and mental symptoms were 12.4, 4.7, and the rate of complaints were 22.1%, 38.8% each. revealing complaints of mental symptomes higher than physical ones. b. 65.4% of rural women complained of more than 4 symptoms out of 9, indicating farmer's syndrome. 11.9 % experienced pesticide overdue syndrome c. 57.6% of respondents experienced women-specific health problems. d. Age and education of respondents were the variables which affect on the level of their health 6. Utilization of medical services a. The number of symptoms and complaints of respondents were dependent on the distance to where the health-care service is given b. Drug store was the most commonly utilized due to low price and the distance to reach. while nurse practitioners were well utilized when there were nurse practitioner's office in their villages. c. Rural women were internalized their subordination to husbands and children, revealing they are positive(93%) in health-care demand for-them but negative(30%) for themselves d. 33.0% of respondents were habitual drug users, 4.5% were smokers and 32.3% were alcohol drinkers. and 86.3% experienced induced-abortion. But most of them(77.6%) knew that those had negative effects on health. 7. Maternal Health Care a. Practice rate of contraception was 48.1% : female users were 90.9% in permanent and 89.6% in temporary contraception b. Induced abortions were taken mostly at hospital(86.3%), while health centers(4.7%), midwiferies(4.3%). and others(4.5%) including drug stores were listed a few. The repeated numbers of induced abortion seemed affected on the increasing numbers of symptoms and complaints. c. The first pre-natal check-up during first trimester was 41.8%, safe delivery rate was 15.6%, post-natal check-up during two months after delivery. Rural women had no enough rest after delivery revealing average days of rest from home work and farming 8.3 and 17.2. d. 86.6% practised breast feeding, showing younger and more educated mothers depending on artificial milk 8. Recommendations a. To lessen the multiple role over burden housing and sanitary conditions should be improved, and are needed farming machiner es for women and training on the use of them b. Health education should begin at primary school including health behavior and living environment. c. Women should be encouraged to become policy-makers as well as administrators in the field of women specific health affairs. d. Women's health indicators should be developed and women's health surveillance system too.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This study examined the level of experienced problem and related variables of farming women as a part of study on problem diagnosis and status enhancement of rural women. The subjects were 980 married farming women living in rural area. Data were analyzed by frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follows : 1) Rural women experienced five categorized problems(farming work & health problem, institution & facilities problem, personality differences & communication problem with husband, child & in-law relatives problem, and husbands violence & sexual problem. 2) The significant variables that influenced on experienced problems were conflict coping behaviors, husbands housework participation, farming work time, age, the level of health, and income etc. Additionally socio-demographic factors, their vocational consciousness, housework sharing, and couples difference of sex-role attitude as related variables of the level of experienced problem of farming women were exmained and discussed the implication.