• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권4A호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

대부분의 콘크리트구조설계기준은 구조물의 안전에 대한 여유를 확보하기 위해 하중계수 및 저항계수의 안전계수를 고려하고 있다. 이 안전계수는 하중과 저항의 통계적 불확실성을 적절하게 고려한 구조신뢰성 이론에 근거하여 결정되어야 하는데, 구조신뢰성 이론의 적용은 하중 및 저항에 대한 통계적 모델의 정립이 선행되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 콘크리트 압축강도, 철근 항복강도 및 부재 단면치수의 통계적 변동성을 고려한 철근콘크리트 부재의 저항모델을 개발하였다. 통계모델 개발에 적용된 자료는 국내의 실험 및 시험 자료를 기초로 하였으며, 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션(Monte Carlo Simulation)기법을 적용하였다. 이 논문의 결과는 콘크리트 구조설계 기준의 검증 및 개정작업에 유용한 자료를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.90-95
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• 1990

It is widely recognized that the strengths of reinforced concrete members have random characteristics due to the variability of the mechanical properties of concrete and steel, the dimensional error as well as incorrect placement of reinforcing bars. Statistical models of the variabilities of strengths of reinforced concrete members, therefore, need to be developed to evaluate the safety level implied in current practices. Based on the probabilistic models of basic factors affecting the R.C. member strengths, in this study, the probabilistic characteristics of member resistance have been studied through Monte Carlo simulation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.879-888
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• 2018

Probability-based design codes have been developed to sufficiently confirm the safety level of structures. One of the most acceptable probability-based approaches is Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), which measures the safety level of the structures in terms of the reliability index. The main contribution of this paper is to calibrate the load and resistance factors of the design code for tunnels. The load and resistance factors are calculated using the available statistical models and probability-based procedures. The major steps include selection of representative structures, consideration of the limit state functions, calculation of reliability for the selected structures, selection of the target reliability index and calculation of load factors and resistance factors. The load and resistance models are reviewed. Statistical models of resistance (load carrying capacity) are summarized for strength limit state in bending, shear and compression. The reliability indices are calculated for several segments of a selected circular tunnel designed according to the tunnel manual report (Tunnel Manual). The novelty of this paper is the selection of the target reliability. In doing so, the uniform spectrum of reliability indices is proposed based on the probability paper. The final recommendation is proposed based on the closeness to the target reliability index.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2008

A 32-ft class leisure boat was newly developed using statistical analysis of actual ships. Resistance performances were investigated by testing models in a high-speed circulating water channel, and with the CFD method. The effects of a trim tab and of a fin attached at the hull side were studied together. Wave patterns were observed to clarify the relationship between resistance performance and wave characteristics. It was found that a trim tab and a side fin play a role in increasing resistance performance within a certain velocity range.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1991

철근콘크리트 부재의 강도는 재료의 역학적 특성변이와 시공오차등에 의해 불확실성의 특성을 보이고 있다. 이러한 불확실성은 확률론적 기법에 의해 모형화될 수 있으며 철근콘크리트 구조물의 안전성을 정량적으로 분석하기 위해서 필수적이다. 부재강도의 확률론적 특성을 분석하기 위해 필요한 통계자료의 직접적인 수집은 요구되는 방대한 실험량 때문에 거의 불가능하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재료의 역학적 특성과 시공오차등에 대하여 국내자료에 기초하여 개발된 확률적 모형을 이용하여 Monte Carlo 모의분석기법을 통해 철근콘크리트 부재강도의 확률적 특성을 분석하여 국내 철근콘크리트 구조물에 적정한 모형을 제시하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.325-350
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• 2012

Concrete filled steel hollow structural sections (CFSs) are an efficient, sustainable, and attractive option for both ambient temperature and fire resistance design of columns in multi-storey buildings and are becoming increasingly common in modern construction practice around the world. Whilst the design of these sections at ambient temperatures is reasonably well understood, and models to predict the strength and failure modes of these elements at ambient temperatures correlate well with observations from tests, this appears not to be true in the case of fire resistant design. This paper reviews available data from furnace tests on CFS columns and assesses the statistical confidence in available fire resistance design models/approaches used in North America and Europe. This is done using a meta-analysis comparing the available experimental data from large-scale standard fire tests performed around the world against fire resistance predictions from design codes. It is shown that available design approaches carry a very large uncertainty of prediction, suggesting that they fail to properly account for fundamental aspects of the underlying thermal response and/or structural mechanics during fire. Current North American fire resistance design approaches for CFS columns are shown to be considerably less conservative, on average, than those used in Europe.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.285-301
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• 2010

In this work we first review the statistical data on large fires in urban areas, presenting a detailed list of causes of fires, the type of damage to concrete and reinforced concrete structures. We also present the modern experimental approach for studying the fire-resistance of different structural components, along with the role of numerical modeling to provide more detailed information on quantifying the temperature and heat flux fields. In the last part of this work we provide the refined models for assessment of fire-induced damage in structures built of concrete and/or reinforced-concrete. We show that the refined models of this kind are needed to provide a more thorough explanation of damage and to complete the damage assessment and post-fire evaluations.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 1995

The resistance to air flow through fruits and vegetables in bulk was an important consideration in the design of the pressure cooling system. The amount of resistance to air flow through produce in bulk normally depended upon air flow rate, stacking depth, porosity, stacking patterns and shape and site of product. But, there was not enough information relating the effects of those factors on air flow resistance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of stacking depth, stacking patterns, porosity and airflow rate on airflow resistance and to develop a statistical model to predict static pressure drop across the produce bed as a function of air flow rate, stacking depth, bed porosity, and product size. Mandarins and tomatoes were used in the experiment. The airflow rate were in the range of 0.1~1.0 ㎥/s.$m^2$, the porosity were in the range of 0.25~0.45, the depth were in the range of 0.3~0.9m and the equivalent diameters were 5.3cm and 6.3cm for mandarins, and 6.5cm and 8.5cm for tomatoes. Three methods of stacking arrangement were used i.e. cubic, square staggered, and staggered stacking arrangement. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The pressure drops across produce bed increased in proportion to stacking depth and superficial air velocity and decreased in proportion to porosity. 2. The increasing rates of pressure drop according to stacking patterns with the increase of superficial air velocity were different one another. The staggered stacking arrangement produced the highest increasing rate and the cubic stacking arrangement produced the lowest increasing rate. But it could be assumed that the stacking patterns had not influenced greatly on pressure drops if it was of equal porosity. 3. The statistical models to predict the pressure drop across produce bed as a function of superficial air velocity, stacking depth, porosity, and product diameter were developed from these experiments.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.633-647
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• 2022

This paper presents the results from reliability analyses of the current Eurocode 4 (EN 1994-1-1) and AISC 360-16 design models for predicting the resistance of headed stud shear connectors within profiled steel sheeting, when the ribs are oriented transverse to the supporting beam. For comparison purposes, the performance of the alternative "Luxembourg" and "Stuttgart" model were also considered. From an initial database of 611 push-out tests, 269 cases were included in the study, which ensured that the results were valid over a wide range of geometrical and material properties. It was found that the current EN 1994-1-1 design rules deliver a corrected partial safety factor γ_M^* of around 2.0, which is significantly higher than the target value 1.25. Moreover, 179 tests fell within the domain of the concrete-related failure design equation. Notwithstanding this, the EN 1994-1-1 equations provide satisfactory results for re-entrant profiled sheeting. The AISC 360-16 design equation for steel failure covers 263 of the tests in the database and delivers 𝛾_M^*≈2.0. Conversely, whilst the alternative "Stuttgart" model provides an improvement over the current codes, only a corrected partial safety factor of 𝛾_M^*=1.47 is achieved. Finally, the alternative "Luxembourg" design model was found to deliver the required target value, with a corrected partial safety factor 𝛾_M^* between 1.21 and 1.28. Given the fact that the Luxembourg design model is the only model that achieved the target values required by EN 1990, it is recommended as a potential candidate for inclusion within the second generation of Eurocodes.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.50-62
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 비대선형에서 구상선수의 형상변화가 저항성능에 미치는 영향을 조사해 보기 위하여 구상선수 계열들을 창안하고 이들의 모형시험 결과를 비교 분석한 내용이 기술되었다. 구상선수의 형상을 결정짓는 7가지의 변수를 생각하고 이들을 체계적으로 변화시켜 구상선수 형상변화의 영향을 실험적으로 조사하도록 계획하였다. 총 23개 선형의 모형선을 제작하였으며, 각 선형에 대하여 저항시험, 유선조사시험 및 선측파고 계측시험이 수행되었다. 구상선수의 형상변화와 모형시험 결과와를 상호 비교 분석하기 위하여 유사한 특성의 구상선수들을 모아서 9개 그룹으로 분류하였으며 각 그룹 별 저항성분의 변화 경향을 분석해 본 결과 비대선에서는 형상저항이 전저항에 지배적인 영향이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 모형시험 결과 및 이의 통계적 분석 자료로부터 비대선에서는 구상선수 주위의 유선의 방향이 저항성분들과 밀접한 관계가 있으며 저항성분들 중에서도 형상저항과 더욱 밀접한 관계가 있다는 사실을 발견하였다.