• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.4 s.29
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• pp.75-91
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• 2005

This study designs an integrated data architecture to systematically manage the agricultural statistics database. Managing the agricultural statistics is important since it provides data for policies and decision making for agribusinesses. Ministry of Agriculture and the National Statistical Office collect the basic agricultural statistic data which provides the basis of logical decision making and agricultural policies. However, the agricultural statistic data has not well been used. The data has not been consistently collected nor managed. The raw data has not been organized nor processed to meet various demands. The needs has been arisen for a consistent agricultural statistics system to increase the relevance, accessibility, and efficiency of data for various users. There are massive amount of data accumulated over a long time period. Introducing the new system and reorganizing the data will bear large risks. A systematic method is required to reduce the risks in planing, building, and maintaining the database without hindering administration. This study provides a design of the agricultural statistics system architecture based on the user requirement analysis (URA) and similar systems abroad. We have also build a prototype to check the implementability of the system design.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2001

Background: Infrared Thermal Imaging (ITI) is an effective tool for the diagnosis of disease and evaluation of the therapeutic effects following pain treatment. Patients who were treated for pain in pain clinic described the intensity of pain and the degree of change of their pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS). In this study, the usefulness of ITI following multimodal methods for pain management were compared with the change of VAS. Methods: 1119 patients were evaluated. The patients were treated with stellate ganglion block, epidural block or trigger points injection. Before treatment, the temperature difference (${\Delta}T$) of the involved area and the corresponding area on the opposite side of the body was measured using ITI and VAS was assessed. After treatment, the temperature difference (${\Delta}T$) between the normal and involved areas, the change of ${\Delta}T$ (${\Delta}dT$), VAS and the change of VAS (${\Delta}VAS$) were measured. Statistic correlations between ${\Delta}dT$and ${\Delta}VAS$ were calculated in all groups. Results: Correlation of the ${\Delta}dT$ and ${\Delta}VAS$ was significant by contingency coefficient test. (SGB group, C = 0.358, Epi group, C = 0.377, TPI group, C = 0.374, P < 0.05) Conclusions: ITI is a reliable tool for the assessment of therapeutic effects following multidimensional management of painful disease.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2011

After stroke, many people have problems with balance during movement. Balance is essential for the optimal functioning of the locomotor system and the performance of many activities of daily living. The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a clinical tool for evaluating balance ability during walking. The test consists of ten tasks, seven tasks of the Dynamic Gait Index and three additional tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of data obtained with the Korean version of the FGA when used with people after suffering a stroke. One-hundred participants, at least three months poststroke and able to walk at least six meters with or without a walking aid, participated in the study (age range=30~83 years; $mean{\pm}SD=58.8{\pm}10.9$). Two physical therapists and two physical therapy students rated the FGA. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the FGA were assessed using kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1). The internal consistency of the FGA was assessed using the Cronbach alpha. The Cronbach alpha was good (${\alpha}$=.86~.93). The intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient=.92~.95) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.91, .95) of the total scores administered by the therapists and students were good, whereas the reliability for single item scores when administered by the physical therapists was moderate to good (kapa value=.42~.97). This study found that intrarater and interrater reliability for total FGA scores and internal consistency were good. Therefore, the Korean version of the FGA can be used as a reliable tool to assess the functional gait performance of patients after stroke.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. Conclusions: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-199
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the level of agreement between a standardized patient (SP) and a faculty member in the evaluation of nursing students' assessment and communication skills. Methods: Participants were 51 third year nursing students in a simulation practice of 'nursing care for a patient admitted with chest pain'. Using a 30-item checklist and a 16-item communication tool, a SP and faculty member evaluated the students' assessment and communication skills during the simulation. Results: The average values for percent agreement and kappa statistic for nursing assessment between the two evaluators were 85.3% and .48 respectively. Twenty of thirty items evaluating assessment skill had above moderate agreement (${\geq}.41$) by kappa between the evaluators. Seven of sixteen items evaluating communication and interpersonal skills showed above fair agreement (${\geq}.40$) between the two evaluators, which was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient. Conclusion: The findings show that the evaluation of the SP was consistent with those of the faculty member to a moderate degree. Clear guidelines for evaluating criteria and optimal time and effort for SP training are necessary to increase the reliability of standardized patients as evaluators in simulation-based nursing education.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2004

Several computer programs have been developed to make stochastically generated weather data from observed daily data. But they require fully dataset to run WGEN. Mostly, meterological data frequently have sporadic missing data as well as totally missing data. The modified WGEN has data filling algorithm for incomplete meterological datasets. Any other WGEN models have not the function of data filling. Modified WGEN with data filling algorithm is processing from the equation of Matalas for first order autoregressive process on a multi dimensional state with known cross and auto correlations among state variables. The parameters of the equation of Matalas are derived from existing dataset and derived parameters are adopted to fill data. In case of WGEN (Richardson and Wright, 1984), it is one of most widely used weather generators. But it has to be modified and added. It uses an exponential distribution to generate precipitation amounts. An exponential distribution is easier to describe the distribution of precipitation amounts. But precipitation data with using exponential distribution has not been expressed well. In this paper, generated precipitation data from WGEN and Modified WGEN were compared with corresponding measured data as statistic parameters. The modified WGEN adopted a formula of CLIGEN for WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) in USDA in 1985. In this paper, the result of other parameters except precipitation is not introduced. It will be introduced through study of verification and review soon

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2005

There are lots of medicine information on the internet recently. But there is no specific research result about search patterns or acquisition methods of medicine information on web pages for lay people until now. In this paper, 1 analyzed the web log files of a certain company providing medicine information using the WiseLog tool. I analyzed three kinds of statistic result of the web log files such as the status of web page usage by types of users, the status of web page menu usage, and the status of search menu usage. As results, I proposed methods of supplement and improvement for companies providing medicine information on the internet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2011

The appraisals of hydrology model behavior for flow and water quality are generally performed through comparison of simulated data with observed ones. To perform appraisal of hydrology model, some criteria are often used, such as coefficient of determination ($R^2$), Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), index of agreement (d), modified forms of NSE and d, and relative efficiency criteria NSE and d. These criteria are used not only for hydrology model estimations also for various comparisons of two data sets; This NSE has been often used for SWAT calibration. However, it has been known that the NSE value has some limitations in evaluating hydrology at watersheds under monsoon climate because this statistic is largely affected by higher values in the data set. To overcome these limitations, the SWAT auto-calibration module was enhanced with K-means clustering and direct runoff/baseflow modules. However the NSE is still being used in this module to evaluate model performance. Therefore, the SWAT Auto-calibration module was modified to incorporate alternative efficiency criteria into the SWAT K-means/direct runoff-baseflow auto-calibration module. It is expected that this enhanced SWAT auto-calibration module will provide better calibration capability of SWAT model for all flow regime.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

In this study, regression equation was analyzed to estimate non-point source (NPS) pollutant loads in orchard area. Many factors affecting the runoff of NPS pollutant as precipitation, storm duration time, antecedent dry weather period, total runoff density, average storm intensity and average runoff intensity were used as independent variables, NPS pollutant was used as a dependent variable to estimate multiple regression equation. Based on the real measurement data from 2008 to 2012, we performed correlation analysis among the environmental variables related to the rainfall NPS pollutant runoff. Significance test was confirmed that T-P ($R^2=0.89$) and BOD ($R^2=0.79$) showed the highest similarity with the estimated regression equations according to the NPS pollutant followed by SS and T-N with good similarity ($R^2$ >0.5). In the case of regression equation to estimate the NPS pollutant loads, regression equations of multiplied independent variables by exponential function and the logarithmic function model represented optimum with the experimented value.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.165-182
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop survey tools for diagnosis of capacity levels in business promotion of rural residents when performing a rural development project of a regional unit. The cases of previous studies were analyzed to select community capacity indicators related to a rural development project. Five indicators were derived : social capital, consciousness of participation, community spirit, and leadership. Based on the five indicators, measurement items of various capacities were selected and 54 survey items were selected through evaluation of experts twice. The pilot tests were conducted and targeted at Jeonnam song ho-jung village and Gyeongnam Haegeumgang village to identify derived survey items. In addition, descriptive statistic analysis and reliability analysis were conducted. As a result, survey items were corrected by reducing 10 items of the total 54 items. This results showed that using this tool could help us understand capacity levels of rural residents.