• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2005

This paper deals with the performance analysis of static compensator (STATCOM) based voltage regulator for self­excited induction generators (SEIGs) supplying balanced/unbalanced and linear/ non-linear loads. In practice, most of the loads are linear. But the presence of non-linear loads in some applications injects harmonics into the generating system. Because an SEIG is a weak isolated system, these harmonics have a great effect on its performance. Additionally, SEIG's offer poor voltage regulation and require an adjustable reactive power source to maintain a constant terminal voltage under a varying load. A three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled voltage source inverter (CC- VSI) known as STATCOM is used for harmonic elimination. It also provides the required reactive power an SEIG needs to maintain a constant terminal voltage under varying loads. A dynamic model of an SEIG-STATCOM system with the ability to simulate varying loads has been developed using a stationary d-q axes reference frame. This enables us to predict the behavior of the system under transient conditions. The simulated results show that by using a STATCOM based voltage regulator the SEIG terminal voltage can be maintained constant and free from harmonics under linear/non linear and balanced/unbalanced loads.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2014

This paper applies a compensated low pass filter (LPF) to current measurements for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The noise limits the bandwidth of current controllers and has more adverse influences on control performances under the light load condition because of the low signal-to-noise ratio. In order to eliminate the noise sensitivity, this paper proposes a digital LPF with a compensator of gain attenuation and phase delay which are unacceptable in current information for PMSM drives. Characteristics of the proposed LPF are analyzed in comparison with the general LPFs. The compensated LPF is basically designed by the orthogonal property of the measured currents in the ${\alpha}{\beta}$ stationary reference frame. In addition, an implementation issue of the proposed method is discussed. Experimental results using the proposed method show improvements of the current control performance from two perspectives, rapid step responses and reductions of harmonic distortion.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

The overall performance and local flow fields of the fan, heat sink, and fan-sink were experimentally and numerically studied to investigate the flow characteristics of a fan-sink. The flow resistance of the heat sink was measured by small fan tester based on AMCA standards and compared with the CFD results to select available cooling fan for the fan-sink. The nonuniform velocity profile behind the fan outlet was shown by the flow visualization. The effects of nonuniform velocities on the performance of heat sink were discussed. To validate the commercial CFD code CFX-5.6, the predicted performance curve was compared with that of fan testing. The local flow fields of the fan-sink were analyzed by CFD results. MFR (multiple frame of reference) was used as a computational model combining rotating fan and stationary heat sink. Through the CFD results of the fan-sink, the flow patterns behind the fan outlet influenced the flow resistance and overall performance of the heat sink.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계합동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.112-116
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• 2002

A sensorless control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motors is presented in this paper. A speed control scheme based on the measurement and observation of stator current, voltage. and flux vector is proposed. Two phase voltages and two stator currents are measured and processed in discrete form in DSP. The rotor position and speed are estimated through the stator flux and its derivative estimation. Flux and its derivative are calculated in the stationary reference frame and used to estimate the speed and position. The rotor position angle is then used in a microcontroller to produce the appropriate stator current command signals for the hysteresis current controller of the inverter. The closed-loop speed control has been shown to be effective from standstill to rated speed. Moreover, a flux drift problem caused by the integration can be eliminated so that a stable sensorless starting and running operation can be achieved. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2017

The rotor position of a PM synchronous motor is commonly estimated from the mathematical model for the sensorless control without rotor position sensors. For the magnet flux-based rotor position estimator in the stationary reference frame, the magnet flux estimator for estimating rotor position and speed includes the integrator. The integrator in the magnet flux estimator may accumulate the offset of the current sensors and the voltage drift. This continuous accumulation of the offset may cause the drift and overflow in the integrator, such that the estimated rotor position and speed may fail to track the real rotor position and speed. In this paper, the magnet flux estimator without integrator is proposed to avoid overflow in the integrator. The proposed rotor position and speed estimator based on magnet flux estimator are verified through simulation and experiment.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2007

동영상 부호화에서 움직임 추정은 참조 프레임으로부터 현재 프레임의 화소를 추정하는 처리로서 예측 화질과 부호화 시간에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 본 논문은 고속 움직임 추정을 위해 시공간 움직임 활동도를 이용한 적응형 계층 육각 탐색에 관한 것이다. 제안된 방법은 현재의 매크로블록에 시공간적으로 인접한 매크로블록들의 움직임 벡터를 이용하여 시공간 움직임 활동도를 정의한다. 이렇게 정의한 시공간 움직임 활동도가 낮을 경우 기존의 적응형 육각 탐색을 수행하고, 그렇지 않을 경우, 웨이블렛 변환의 다단계 저주파 부영상들로 구성된 다단계 계층 공간상에서 계층 육각 탐색을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 움직임 특성을 갖는 복수의 동영상 시퀀스들에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과를 토대로 예측 화질과 연산 시간 측면에서 제안된 방법의 성능을 분석.평가하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법이 작은 움직임 탐색과 큰 움직임 탐색에 모두 적합함을 보여주고 있다. 제안된 방법은 고속 움직임 탐색이 가능한 적응형 육각 탐색의 장점을 유지하면서도 시공간 움직임 활동도가 높은 비디오 시퀀스에서 야기되는 국부 최소 문제를 적응적으로 경감할 수 있었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2000

순시전력이론은 수학적으로 이해가 용이하며, PWM 전력변환기를 $\alpha$-$\beta$ 정지 좌표에서 비교적 쉽게 제어할 수 있기 때문에 많은 연구가 되어 오고 있다. 그런데 순시진력이론은 보상기준전류 계산과정에 없어서 많은 전류 성분과 전력성분이 얻어지며 이는 순시전력이론의 불리적인 해석에 영향을 주고 있다. 특히 순시전력이론올 처음 접하는 초보 연구자들은 이와 같은 순시전력의 직류 및 교류성분 그리고 순시전류획 $\alpha$-$\beta$정분의 표준 파형에 대한 정보가 부족하기 때문에 각 성분들의 계산이 맞는지 확인하기 어려웠다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MATLAB/SIMULINK에 의하여 순시전력이론의 전류성분파 전력성분올 파형과 $\alpha$-$\beta$공간궤적으로 나타내어 초보 연구자들의 이해를 돕도록 하였다. 또한 순시전력 성분 보상애 따른 보상기준 전류 파형이 비선형 부하 계통의 전원전류 파형에 미치는 영향을 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.190-201
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• 2015

This paper uses the switching function approach to present a simple state model of the Vienna-type rectifier. The approach introduces the relationship between the DC-link neutral point voltage and the AC side phase currents. A novel direct power control (DPC) strategy, which is based on the sliding mode control (SMC) for Vienna I rectifiers, is developed using the proposed power model in the stationary ${\alpha}-{\beta}$ reference frames. The SMC-based DPC methodology directly regulates instantaneous active and reactive powers without transforming to a synchronous rotating coordinate reference frame or a tracking phase angle of grid voltage. Moreover, the required rectifier control voltages are directly calculated by utilizing the non-linear SMC scheme. Theoretically, active and reactive power flows are controlled without ripple or cross coupling. Furthermore, the fixed-switching frequency is obtained by employing the simplified space vector modulation (SVM). SVM solves the complicated designing problem of the AC harmonic filter. The simplified SVM is based on the simplification of the space vector diagram of a three-level converter into that of a two-level converter. The dwelling time calculation and switching sequence selection are easily implemented like those in the conventional two-level rectifier. Replacing the current control loops with power control loops simplifies the system design and enhances the transient performance. The simulation models in MATLAB/Simulink and the digital signal processor-controlled 1.5 kW Vienna-type rectifier are used to verify the fast responses and robustness of the proposed control scheme.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2016

In this paper, a new sag and peak voltage detector is proposed for a single-phase inverter using delta square operation. The conventional sag detector is from a single-phase digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) that is based on d-q transformations using an all-pass filter (APF). The d-q transformation is typically used in the three-phase coordinate system. The APF generates a virtual q-axis voltage component with a 90° phase delay, but this virtual phase cannot reflect a sudden change in the grid voltage at the instant the voltage sag occurs. As a result, the peak value is drastically distorted, and it settles down slowly. A modified APF generates the virtual q-axis voltage component from the difference between the current and the previous values of the d-axis voltage component in the stationary reference frame. However, the modified APF cannot detect the voltage sag and peak value when the sag occurs around the zero crossing points such as 0° and 180°, because the difference voltage is not sufficient to detect the voltage sag. The proposed algorithm detects the sag voltage through all regions including the zero crossing voltage. Moreover, the exact voltage drop can be acquired by calculating the q-axis component that is proportional to the d-axis component. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, the conventional and proposed methods are compared using simulations and experimental results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2008

Multi-phase machines can be used in variable speed drives. Their applications include electric ship propulsion, 'more-electric aircraft' and traction applications, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. Multi-phase machines enable independent control of a few numbers of machines that are connected in series in a particular manner with their supply being fed from a single voltage source inverter(VSI). The idea was first implemented for a five-phase series-connected two-motor drive system, but is now applicable to any number of phases more than or equal to five-phase. The number of series-connected machines is a function of the phase number of VSI. Theoretical and simulation studies have already been reported for number of multi-phase multi-motor drive configurations of series-connection type. Variable speed induction motor drives without mechanical speed sensors at the motor shaft have the attractions of low cost and high reliability. To replace the sensor, information concerning the rotor speed is extracted from measured stator currents and voltages at motor terminals. Open-loop estimators or closed-loop observers are used for this purpose. They differ with respect to accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity against model parameter variations. This paper analyses operation of an MRAS estimator based sensorless control of a vector controlled series-connected two-motor five-phase drive system with current control in the stationary reference frame. Results, obtained with fixed-voltage, fixed-frequency supply, and hysteresis current control are presented for various operating conditions on the basis of simulation results. The purpose of this paper is to report the first ever simulation results on a sensorless control of a five-phase two-motor series-connected drive system. The operating principle is given followed by a description of the sensorless technique.