• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권5_1호
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• pp.599-605
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• 2017

위성 영상의 정확한 구름 판별 여부는 이를 활용하여 생산되는 다른 산출물들의 정확도에 민감한 영향을 미치므로 매우 중요하다. 특히 해양에서 구름에 오염된 화소는 해수면 온도(Sea Surface Temperature: SST), 해색(ocean color), 클로로필-a(chlorophyll-a) 등 다양한 해양 기반산출물의 주된 오차 요인으로써 해양에서의 정확한 구름 탐지는 필수적이며 이는 해양 순환을 이해하는데 기여한다. 그러나 현재 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) 등 대부분 실시간 운영을 위한 알고리즘에서 사용되고 있는 고정 경계값 검사 방법은 태양-해양-센서의 상대적인 위치에 따라 변화하는 해양의 분광 특성을 고려하지 못하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 NOAA의 Himawari-8 구름 산출물을 이용하여 Himawari-8/AHI 반사도 채널에서의 태양 천정각(Solar Zenith Angle: SZA), 위성 천정각(Viewing Zenith Angle: VZA) 변화에 따른 청천 해양 표면 화소의 반사도를 수집하여 분광 라이브러리를 구축하였고 이를 이용하여 동적 경계값 방법인 Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)기법에 적용하여 구름탐지를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 구름탐지 결과를 Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)의 구름 산출물과 정성적 비교한 결과 JMA 구름 산출물은 청천 화소를 불확실(unknown)으로 오탐지 및 과대탐지 하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 반해 본 연구에서는 태양 천정각이 고각인 지역에서 과대 탐지 및 오탐지되는 문제점을 개선하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.532-537
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• 2009

Objective : Recently, motion preservation has come to the forefront of emerging technologies in spine surgery. This is the important background information of the emergence of cervical arthroplasty as an alternative to arthrodesis that offers the promise of restoring normal spinal movement and reduces a kinematic strain on adjacent segments. The study was designed to evaluate early surgical outcome and radiological effects of $Bryan^{(R)}$ cervical disc prosthesis. Methods : The authors retrospectively reviewed radiographic and clinical outcomes in 52 patients who received the $Bryan^{(R)}$ Cervical Disc prosthesis, for whom follow-up data were available. Static and dynamic radiographs were measured by computer to determine the angles formed by the endplates of the natural disc preoperatively, those formed by the shells of the implanted prosthesis, the angle of functional spine unit (FSU), and the C2-7 Cobb angle. The range of motion (ROM) was also determined radiographically, whereas clinical outcomes were assessed using Odom's criteria, visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI). Results : A total of 71 $Bryan^{(R)}$ disc were placed in 52 patients. A single-level procedure was performed in 36 patients, a two-level procedure in 13 patients, and a three-level procedure in 3. Radiographic and clinical assessments were made preoperatively. Mean follow-up duration was 29.2 months, ranging from 6 to 36 months. All of the patients were satisfied with the surgical results by Odom's criteria, and showed significant improvement by VAS and NDI score (p < 0.05). The postoperative ROM of the implanted level was preserved without significant difference from preoperative ROM of the operated level (p < 0.05). 97% of patients with a preoperative lordotic sagittal orientation of the FSU were able to maintain lordosis. The overall sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was preserved in 88.5% of cases at the final follow up. Interestingly, preoperatively kyphotic FSU resulted in lordotic FSU in 70% of patients during the late follow up, and preoperatively kyphotic overall cervical alignment resulted in lordosis in 66.6% of the patients postoperatively. Conclusion : Arthroplasty using the $Bryan^{(R)}$ disc seemed to be safe and provided encouraging clinical and radiologic outcome in our study. Although the early results are promising, this is a relatively new approach, therefore long-term follow up studies are required to prove its efficacy and its ability to prevent adjacent segment disease.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2008

Purpose: Transverse type or volar oblique type of defect of thumb tip can be covered by Moberg flap or second toe pulp free flap. We compared these two methods in functional result, patients' satisfaction, and sensation, etc. to find a better way to cover the defect of the thumb tip. Methods: From 2003 to 2006, we chose the patients randomly with preoperative pictures. The patients had the defect of the thumb tip which is either transverse or volar oblique type. The 6 patients were treated with Moberg flap and other 6 patients were treated with second toe pulp free flap. We have analyzed the results by 2 point discrimination, side pinching power test, pulp to pulp pinching power test, pain scales (visual analogue scale), satisfaction scales of the patients (functional and aesthetic), the degree of the range of motion, etc. Results: All flaps survived without any complications. In the cases of Moberg flaps, the value of static 2 point discrimination test was 5.6 mm, and the value of moving 2 point discrimination test was 4.8 mm. In the cases of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 9.6 mm and 9.3 mm. In the cases of Moberg flaps, the value of the Side pinch power test was 6.6 kg, 4.4 kg. In the case of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 4.8 kg and 2.5 kg. The value of aesthetic satisfaction scale of the patients in Moberg flaps was 5.6, the value of functional satisfaction scale of the patients was 3.6. In cases of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 5.6 and 3.6. The active range of motion of Interphalangeal joint in the cases of Moberg flaps was 46.6 degree, and the active range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint was 55 degree, in the cases of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 36.6 degree and 59 degree. Conclusion: As a result, when the defect of the thumb tip is transverse or volar oblique type, we suggest that the operators choose Moberg flap to cover the defect of the thumb tip.

• 인지과학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.259-276
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• 2014

마르셀 뒤샹이나 지아코모 발라와 같은 미래파 화가들은 물체가 움직이는 순간 순간의 정지 이미지를 캔버스에 중첩해서 운동감을 표현하려고 했다. 본 연구진은 선행 연구에서 이렇듯 운동성이 내포된 추상 미술작품들에 대한 사전 경험이 뇌의 운동 지각 영역의 반응에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행 연구에서 관찰된 사전 경험에 따른 차별적인 뇌 운동 지각 영역의 활성화가 안구 운동 패턴의 차별성에 기인하는지 살펴보았다. 사전 경험은 미술 전공 여부로 조작하였다. 또한 전문성 이외에도 움직임 내포에 관한 화가의 의도 자각 여부에 따라 관찰자의 안구 운동 패턴에 차이가 나타나는지 검증해보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 미술 전공 여부에 따라 추상화 지각시 그림 전체에 대한 시선고정 횟수나 시간 등에 차별적인 경향이 나타났다. 화가의 표현 의도에 대한 자각은 이러한 전반적인 차이와 관련이 없었다. 반면, 운동성의 내포라는 화가의 표현 의도의 자각은 추상화 중 운동성이 표현된 특정 위치에 대한 안구운동과 연관성을 보였다. 즉, 표현의도를 자각한 관찰자들은 그렇지 못한 관찰자들에 비해 추상화 중 움직임과 연관된 신체 부위가 표현된 위치에 좀 더 집중하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 화폭에 표현된 물체의 움직임 방향과 합치하는 방향의 안구 운동을 더 많이 보였다. 미술 전공 여부는 움직임 표현 위치에 특정적인 안구 운동과 무관하였다. 이러한 결과는 미술 전문성 및 화가의 의도 자각 여부가 관찰자들이 움직임이 함축된 추상화를 지각하는 방식에 차별적으로 관여함을 시사한다. 즉, 전문성은 그림에 대한 전반적인 지각 방식에, 내포된 움직임에 대한 자각은 그 정보에 특정적인 공간에 대한 지각방식에 관여할 가능성을 제안한다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.5-41
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 현대 사회문화의 새로운 경향으로 부각된 웰빙 문화생활에서 인간에게 보다 질적으로 향상된 디자인제품의 필요성을 알리고 이용하게 하려는 데에 있다. 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 조명제품디자인에 웰빙을 적용한 디자인연구가 시작단계의 수준이라 판단하고, 웰빙의 성향과 현시대 소비자가 새롭게 요구하는 조명디자인연구를 하고자 한다. 최근 급변하는 문화현상의 요인으로 디자인이 새롭게 인식되면서 현대인의 기능을 중시하는 소비문화에서 지적 만족을 추구하는 디자인의 소비문화로 변화하고 있다. 또 디지털 정보화 시대에 따라 유비쿼터스와 같은 다양한 디지털 첨단기술이 발달하게 되면서 소비자는 정적인 것보다는 동적인 것, 또한 자신들의 자극에 반응이 있는 제품에 관심을 보이고 있다. 동시에 자연친화적 이고 인생을 풍요롭고 아름답게 영위하고자 하는 웰빙문화를 선호하고 있다. 즉, 제품의 기본적인 기능사용만을 위함이 아닌 오감을 만족시키기 위한 디자인을 요구하는 시대가 왔음을 의미한다. 하지만 20세기 후기에 나타난 산업사회에서 인간중심적이고 친환경적인 제품의 경향은 일부 제한된 분야에서 시도되고 있을 뿐 일반적으로 이에 대한 연구는 미흡한 현실이다. 본 논문은 기존 조명제품디자인이 생활의 정신적 문화적 만족이 새로운 목표가 되고 있는 사용자들의 웰빙 성향과, 그들이 필요로 하는 제품의 방향성을 알고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 인터렉션디자인을 접목하여 문제 해결의 대안을 제시하여 웰빙 성향에 있어 발전이 미흡했던 원인을 분석하고 그에 대한 해결방법을 모색하여 인터랙션디자인, 웰빙을 적용한 디자인을 제작한 결과, 기존 조명디자인과의 차별화로 현재의 조명제품디자인에 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상되는바, 이 분야를 계속 연구할 가능성이 있다는 결론을 제시하고자 한다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2016

Purpose: This case report examines the influence of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with a dynamic neuromuscular stabilization approach on balance in patients with cerebellar atrophy. Methods: The target subject of this case report was a 34-year-old woman who was informed of the purpose of this research and voluntarily agreed to participate in it. The case report conformed to research ethics based on the Helsinki Declaration. The target subject was confirmed to have cerebellar atrophy from an unknown cause in 2009 and was diagnosed with slight ataxia. At that time, she could carry out daily activities without physical therapy. On May 19, 2015, she suffered both a subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a traffic accident. She was urgently moved to the emergency room and managed by nonsurgical treatment, and then, the cerebellar atrophy and ataxia gradually deteriorated. To evaluate the patient's balance capacity before and after intervention, the trunk impairment scale (TIS), trunk impairment scale (OLST) during eye-closing/opening, timed up and go test (TUG), and visual analogue scale (VAS) were conducted. The PNF intervention program was executed for 30 min, four times a week, for three weeks. Results: The TIS and OLST during eye-closing/opening were improved by as much as a point, by 8.15 s and 6.21 s, respectively, after applying the PNF program. TUG and VAS decreased by 1.33 s and 3 points, respectively, after intervention. According to the result, the OLST during eye-closing/opening and VAS improved remarkably in comparison with those before intervention. Conclusion: As the final result of the case report, PNF intervention combined with DNSA more effectively improved the static balance capacity, such as the OLST during eye-closing/opening and VAS, compared to the dynamic balance capacity. In addition, the intervention duration and period of the exercise program are recommended to be more than 1 h a day for four weeks considering the learning ability of a patient with cerebellar atrophy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2009

Objective : Clinical and radiological results of posterior dynamic stabilization using interspinous U (ISU, $Coflex^{TM}$, Paradigm Spine $Inc.^{(R)}$, NY, USA) were analyzed in comparison with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods : A retrospective study was conducted for a consecutive series of 61 patients with degenerative LSS between May 2003 and December 2005. We included only the patients completed minimum 24 months follow up evaluation. Among them, 30 patients were treated with implantation of ISU after decompressive laminectomy (Group ISU) and 31 patients were treated with wide decompressive laminectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF; Group PLIF). We evaluated visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for clinical outcomes (VAS, ODI), disc height ratio disc height (DH), disc height/vertebral body length ${\times}100$), static vertebral slip (VS) and depth of maximal radiolucent gap between ISU and spinous process) in preoperative, immediate postoperative and last follow up. Results : The mean age of group ISU ($66.2{\pm}6.7$ years) was 6.2 years older than the mean age of group PLIF ($60.4{\pm}8.1$ years; p=0.003). In both groups, clinical measures improved significantly than preoperative values (p<0.001). Operation time and blood loss was significantly shorter and lower in group ISU than group PLIF (p<0.001). In group ISU, the DH increased transiently in immediate postoperative period ($15.7{\pm}4.5%{\rightarrow}18.6{\pm}5.9%$), however decreased significantly in last follow up ($13.8{\pm}6.6%$, p=0.027). Vertebral slip (VS) of spondylolisthesis in group ISU increased during postoperative follow-up ($2.3{\pm}3.3{\rightarrow}8.7{\pm}6.2$, p=0.040). Meanwhile, the postoperatively improved DH and VS was maintained in group PLIF in last follow up. Conclusion : According to our result, implantation of ISU after decompressive laminectomy in degenerative LSS is less invasive and provides similar clinical outcome in comparison with the instrumented fusion. However, the device has only transient effect on the postoperative restoration of disc height and reduction of slip in spondylolisthesis. Therefore, in the biomechanical standpoint, it is hard to expect that use of Interspinous U in decompressive laminectomy for degenerative LSS had long term beneficial effect.

• 복식
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• 제20권
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• pp.125-135
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• 1993

The purposes of this research are firstly to define the characteristics of movement on the costume, secondly to demonstrate that fine art, expecially in relation to kinetic art, has become a good motif in modern costume de-sign, and thirdly to examin the characteristics of movement as shown in modern costume de-sign. For this study, we selected and analyzed some costume designs among those introduced in fashion magazines, which are Collections, Fashion-Preview, Fashion Show, Collezioni, and L'Officiel that have been issued since 1988. As this research is carried out only through the analysis of pictures, it is not ac-companied by a study on material itself. The result of this study is that the ex-pression of movement on modern fashion can be shown in two ways, one is the inclusive and subordinate movement expressed on the cloth-ing according to the motion of body when they are worn, and the other is the movement caused by the very designs of clothing. And the latter can be also divided in two ways, the illusionistic movement and the actual move-ment. The expression of actual movement is made through the emphasis of direction, rhythm, and dimension of the costume. And the illusionistic movement is expressed by the de-sign to which the textile pattern or reflection of light is applied so that the movement is larger than the actual movement. A sense of direction expressed on the cos-tume by the actual movement creates a light rhythm and adds interest to the costume. This reflects a part of psychology of modern men who are not accustomed to the statics. In the rapidly changing society of information our modern men seek after movement even in the statics. It is also true in the clothing and they seem to get a psychological rest through the immediated visual change as shown in fashion design. The simple and cheerful rhythm expressed by the illusionistic movement on the costume is attempted in order to overcome the static tediousness caused by simple design. These elements of movement cause the en-largement of visible range and create another enlarged shape other than the real one, so that they come to remove the dullness and monot-ony in costume design and provoke interest in costume, as if kinetic art reveals the various aspects that transcend the closed area of fine art upon the motif of 'movement'. finally, as this paper deals with the ex-pression of movement as shown in the costume design which prevailed after 1988, it is desir-able hereafter to study more about the fashion since 1950 when kinetic art began in earnest, along with the comparative study on the ex-pression of movement in our Korean designer's and foreign designer's works.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze a sample of single corridor, pod type and composite type of ICUs in terms of patient visibility, spatial configurations and nurse walking distance focused on Korean cases. Methods: The measures of static visibility were used to quantify the patient visibility (upper third part of the patient bed) from the nurse station. The measure of space programme and area distribution (patient zone percentage, staff zone percentage, circulation zone percentage, corridor length per bed, distance from nurse station (NS) to patient bed and departmental gross square meter (DGSM) per patient bed) were calculated by using AutoCAD and MS Excel programs. In the second step of analysis the values of space distribution were compared among the three type of ICUs as well as the nurse walking distance, DGSM per bed and gross factor. in the third step of analysis regression analysis was conducted for the possible correlation between visibility and space programme and area distribution factors as well as nurse walking distance factors. Results: (1) It was found that on average composite type unit offer highest value of patient visibility followed by pod type, while single corridor type unit offers the minimum value of patient visibility among the three plan typologies. (2) Average patient visibility and DGSM per bed shows a strong positive correlation ($r^2=0.75$) and p=0.026. (3) Average patient visibility and average distance from NS has a strong negative correlation ($r^2=0.78$), and P=0.02. (4) On average composite type unit offer the minimum walking distance from NS (7.22 meter) followed by pod type unit (8.35 meter) and single corridor (9.76 meter). (5) Maximum distance from NS was noted in single corridor (18.19 meter) followed by pod type unit (15.14 meter) and Composite type unit (11.1 meter). Implications: This study may contribute to the visibility analysis of existing and future ICU design in Korea to achieve maximum patient visibility and reduced nurse walking distance.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2021

본 연구의 목표는 인터렉션이 하나의 영역으로서 묘사 가능성을 증명하는 것이다. 또한 패러다임화된 시각으로 인터렉션을 이해하려고 시도하는 것이다. 일반적으로 통용되는 규칙에 기초하여 이론모델을 구축하고, 디자이너들에게 인터렉션의 본질을 효과적으로 이해하도록 돕고, 현재 인터렉션 설계가 주로 기초적인 수단으로 의존하게 됨으로써 파생되는 인력과 시간비용의 낭비를 방지하는 것이다. 2000년도에 처음으로 인터렉션 패러다임화의 개념을 제시한 이래 지금까지 관련된 연구에는 일부 결함이 존재한다. 예를들어 제시된 이론 모델들이 서로 다른 척도에서 만들어졌거나, 혹은 접근하는 시각에 객관성이 결여된 것, 그리고 주로 연구자의 개인적 경험 등에서 오는것 등이다. 본 연구의 가치와 뛰어난 성과는 그 전체적 기초가 파일검색이라는 토대위에 구축되었다. 최근 2000년 이래 현재까지의 인터렉션 패러다임화에 관한 연구 총 21편의 수집을 통하여 인터렉션 속성 모델 19개,인터렉션 속성 포함 총 174개를 추출하였다. 또한 이 174개 속성에 대하여 보다 통일된 표준 척도에 근거를 두고 집합류의 연구수단을 이용하여 재분류 귀납함으로써 두 개의 이론 모델을 한 조로 만들었다. 이 두 모형은 각각 인터렉션 운용과 인터렉션 체험의 시각으로 접근하며, 그중 각 모델은 각각 6개의 독립된 속성을 포함한다. 이 인터렉션 모델의 제시 및 집합류 데이터의 분석은 각 인터렉션 속성이 인터렉션 설계에서 얼마만큼의 주목을 받고 중요한지 밝히는데 도움이 될것이다. 이런 데이터는 디자이너가 디자인 과정에서 힘 분배를 합리적으로 할 수 있게 도와주며, 또한 미래에 인터렉션 설계에 관해 발전공간을 설계하기 위한 이론적 근거를 제공한다.