• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.7-17
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• 2012

The recent announcement of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) to cease journal accreditation operations as of the end of the year 2014 can easily influence the future of many research journals in Korea. Although this plan has not yet been formalized or structured, its facilitation would be the major turning point for the current Korean research and scholarly journals and publications. In addition, the NRF's plan to select and fund top 20 or more research journals over the five year period beginning 2015 suggests that the competition will most likely increase among Korean journals. Each journal would need to develop its unique strategy to improve and strengthen its competitiveness to become or maintain its position as a major research journal in Korea. The association of Korean Distribution of Science (KODISA) and its research journal, Journal of Distribution Science (JDS), has been continuously improving its reputation as a reputable journal in the distribution and related fields since its establishment in 1999. Due to demand, JDS has had to undergo several changes in its publication cycle first from semiannual publication to quarterly, then finally to monthly publications in 2012, and has become one of the major social science journals in Korea. Furthermore, with the redesigning of its webpage with English language in July of 2011, KODISA has made the published journals freely accessible and available to both domestic and foreign researchers, scholars, practitioners, and learners. These changes have resulted in the rapid increase in the bounce rate and the number of journal submissions by foreign scholars, with four research articles having been submitted by foreign scholars just in March of 2012 alone. However, although the changes and outcomes have resulted in a reasonable success so far, the achievement may only become a short-term success without continuously developing, improving, and implementing both effective and efficient strategies through critical, thorough, and frequent examinations and evaluations of both KODISA and JDS. As such, the purpose of this research is to carefully examine both KODISA and JDS to identify problematic factors and to develop appropriate strategies to change or modify those problems for further strengthening and improving their reputation and status. The paper examines and analyzes the past, present, and future of KODISA and JDS and their managerial, operational, and systematic procedures and operations. The narrow scope of research and inefficiencies in promoting the association and the journal and the improvement of impact factors are identified as the notable problems that could hinder JDS from being included in SCOPUS or SSCI in the near future. This type of examination and exploration has not been previously conducted, so the major limitation of this paper can be identified as not meticulously elaborating on the problems nor proving detailed recommendations based on the existing researches. This article asserted that solving the problem of the narrow scope of research would lead to facilitation of resolving other inefficient problems. Inclusion of international academic disciplines to the distribution and their related fields would be the viable initiation of expanding the research area, and this strategy could promote the journal as well as improve its impact factors. The narrow scope of research seems to be a good research topic and merit further exploration as an individual research project, because this kind of research could yield the creation of new understandings or theories.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.86-91
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• 2009

Purpose: The whole body scan in Nuclear Medicine is a widely accepted examination and procedure. Especially, it is mainly used in bone, I-131, MIBI, and HMPAO WBC scans. The diverse uses of the whole body scan range from the HMPAO WBC scan with a speed of 13cm/min, to a whole body bone scan using the Onco. Flash technique with a speed of 30cm/min. The accuracy of table movement has a strong correlation with the image quality, and inaccuracy of speed could negatively affect the image quality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the table movement while considering the influence of the age of the equipment and the variability in the weight of the patients. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using two of Seoul Asan Medical Center's SIEMENS gamma cameras which are commonly used in our whole body study. The first one is the oldest gamma camera, an ECAM plus (installed in 2000), and the last is brand new one, a SYMBIA T2 (installed in 2008). Three trials were conducted with the tables moving at a different speed each time; 10, 15 and 30 cm/min. The tables' speeds were measured by checking how long it took for the table to move 10cm, and this was repeated every 10cm until the table reached 100 cm. With an average body weight of the patients of about 60~70 kg, the table speed was measured with weights of 0 kg, 66 kg and 110 kg placed on the table, then compared among conditions. Results: The coefficient of variance (CV) of the ECAM plus showed 1.23, 1.42, 2.02 respectively when the table movement speeds were set at 10, 15, and 30 centimeters per minute. Under the same conditions, the SYMBIA T2 showed 1.23, 1.83 and 2.28 respectively. As table movement speed more, the variance of CV as the speed increases. When the patient body weight was set to 0, 66 and 110kg, the CV values of both cameras showed 0.96, 1.45, 2.08 (0 Kg), 1.32, 1.72, 2.27 (66 Kg) and 1.37, 1.73, 2.14 (110 Kg). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in 95 percent of confidence intervals and measured CV values were acceptable. However, the CV value of the SYMBIA T2 was relatively larger than the ECAM plus. Conclusion: The scan speed of the whole body scan is predetermined based on which examination is being performed. It is possible for the accuracy of the speed to be affected, such as the age of the equipment, the state of the bearings or the weight of a patient. These factors can have a negative impact on the diagnostic consistency and the image quality. Therefore, periodic quality control should be needed on the gamma cameras currently being used, focusing on the table movement speed in order to maintain accuracy and reproducibility.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.49-52
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• 2017

Purpose - To improve and strengthen existing publication and research ethics, KODISA has identified and presented various cases which have violated publication and research ethics and principles in recent years. The editorial office of KODISA has been providing and continues to provide advice and feedback on publication ethics to researchers during peer review and editorial decision making process. Providing advice and feedback on publication ethics will ensure researchers to have an opportunity to correct their mistakes or make appropriate decisions and avoid any violations in research ethics. The purpose of this paper is to identify different cases of ethical violation in research and inform and educate researchers to avoid any violations in publication and research ethics. Furthermore, this article will demonstrate how KODISA journals identify and penalize ethical violations and strengthens its publication ethics and practices. Research design, data and methodology - This paper examines different types of ethical violation in publication and research ethics. The paper identifies and analyzes all ethical violations in research and combines them into five general categories. Those five general types of ethical violations are thoroughly examined and discussed. Results - Ethical violations of research occur in various forms at regular intervals; in other words, unethical researchers tend to commit different types of ethical violations repeatedly at same time. The five categories of ethical violation in research are as follows: (1) Arbitrary changes or additions in author(s) happen frequently in thesis/dissertation related publications. (2) Self plagiarism, submitting same work or mixture of previous works with or without using proper citations, also occurs frequently, but the most common type of plagiarism is changing the statistical results and using them to present as the results of the empirical analysis; (3) Translation plagiarism, another ethical violation in publication, is difficult to detect but occurs frequently; (4) Fabrication of data or statistical analysis also occurs frequently. KODISA requires authors to submit the results of the empirical analysis of the paper (the output of the statistical program) to prevent this type of ethical violation; (5) Mashup or aggregator plagiarism, submitting a mix of several different works with or without proper citations without alterations, is very difficult to detect, and KODISA journals consider this type of plagiarism as the worst ethical violation. Conclusions - There are some individual cases of ethical violation in research and publication that could not be included in the five categories presented throughout the paper. KODISA and its editorial office should continue to develop, revise, and strengthen their publication ethics, to learn and share different ways to detect any ethical violations in research and publication, to train and educate its editorial members and researchers, and to analyze and share different cases of ethical violations with the scholarly community.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2023

This study analyzed the factors affecting the opinions of life-sustaining treatment among the elderly in Korea. The study subjects were 10,097 people who responded to the survey on the condition of the elderly (2020), and using the SPSS 25.0 program, first, the demographic characteristics of the research subjects were identified through descriptive statistics and the average and normality of major variables were identified. Second, the chi-square was analyzed by conducting a cross-analysis of opinions on life-sustaining treatment according to the characteristics of the elderly. Third, a correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between major variables. Fourth, the relative influence on the life-sustaining treatment of the elderly was identified through multiple regression analysis. The main research findings are as follows. First, 8,565 (84.8%) of the elderly were opposed to medical treatment (life-sustaining treatment) to save them even if they were unconscious or difficult to live. Second, as a result of cross-analysis on life-sustaining treatment for the elderly, the 𝑥² values of education level, health status, living together with children, and cost of living in old age were found to be significant. Third, the educational level of the elderly, living together with children, and the cost of living in old age were found to have statistically significant negative effects on life-sustaining treatment. Such research results indicate that the elderly with a high level of education oppose life-sustaining treatment compared to those with a low level of education. In addition, in the case of the elderly with traditional values who responded that one of their children should live with the elderly (parents), the ratio of people in favor of life-sustaining treatment was high, and in the case of the elderly with modern values who responded that they did not have to live together, the ratio of opposition to life-sustaining treatment was high. appeared to be high. In addition, in the case of the elderly with traditional values who responded that the burden of living expenses in old age should be shared between the state and society and their children, the proportion in favor of life-sustaining treatment was high. This high figure expressed the desire for well-dying. Based on these research results, the value system was re-examined as a factor influencing the elderly's opinion on life-sustaining treatment, and basic data for welfare policies for the elderly were provided.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 1976

In order to determine nutrition education needs and related problems, a study was conducted of children's dietary habits, focusing on parental influence and degree of agreement between parent and child on foods liked, accepted, or disliked, in addition to a general survey of food atiitudes. This study was conducted throughout a two-month period, June to July of 1974. One thousand children of both sexes, from the fifth grade, junior and senior high schools of Seoul city, and their 2,000 matched parents, were surveyed, Teachers distributed questionnaires in the classroom and assisted the children in answering. Questionnaires also were distributed to the parents through their children, after the teachers explained the procedure of study. As to the influence of parents' food preferences, the following conclusiolns can be reached, in light of the results of chi-square tests conducted: 1. Agreement between mother and child on food preference was much higher than that between father and child, regardless of sex or birth order of the child. This observed difference in degree of agreement was greatest for children in the middle birth order, and greater for girls than for boys. 2. Various food attitudes: a. Food preferences: Beef, milk, and mandoo (boiled or steamed, filled dumplings) were extremely well liked by all subjects, regardless of age or sex. Cucumber, lettuce, and spinach also were lied. Most disliked foods were fatty layers of pork and liver. Cooked rice in the too wet or too dry state and pork were low preference items. b. Socioeconomic background and dietary practice: Higher educational background of the wife and higher income level of the family were associated with greater knowledge of nutrition, and interest in family nutrition and in introducing new foods to the family. But use of food as prize or punishment was found, regardless of the mother's educational and economic status. c. Change of food habit: Over 70 percent of subject had changed ad improved their dietary habits, mostly by reason of husbands' and wives' mutual influence after marriage. This study emphasized the great importance of nutrition eudation for mothers, and their prominent role and responsility in guiding the family to better nutrition, whatever the mother's educational background.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.773-780
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• 2020

With the development of the 4th industrial, research is being conducted to prevent diseases and reduce damage in various fields of science and technology such as medicine, health, and bio. As a result, artificial intelligence technology has been introduced and researched for image analysis of radiological examinations. In this paper, we will directly apply a deep learning model for classification and detection of pneumonia using chest X-ray images, and evaluate whether the deep learning model of the Inception series is a useful model for detecting pneumonia. As the experimental material, a chest X-ray image data set provided and shared free of charge by Kaggle was used, and out of the total 3,470 chest X-ray image data, it was classified into 1,870 training data sets, 1,100 validation data sets, and 500 test data sets. I did. As a result of the experiment, the result of metric evaluation of the Inception V3 deep learning model was 94.80% for accuracy, 97.24% for precision, 94.00% for recall, and 95.59 for F1 score. In addition, the accuracy of the final epoch for Inception V3 deep learning modeling was 94.91% for learning modeling and 89.68% for verification modeling for pneumonia detection and classification of chest X-ray images. For the evaluation of the loss function value, the learning modeling was 1.127% and the validation modeling was 4.603%. As a result, it was evaluated that the Inception V3 deep learning model is a very excellent deep learning model in extracting and classifying features of chest image data, and its learning state is also very good. As a result of matrix accuracy evaluation for test modeling, the accuracy of 96% for normal chest X-ray image data and 97% for pneumonia chest X-ray image data was proven. The deep learning model of the Inception series is considered to be a useful deep learning model for classification of chest diseases, and it is expected that it can also play an auxiliary role of human resources, so it is considered that it will be a solution to the problem of insufficient medical personnel. In the future, this study is expected to be presented as basic data for similar studies in the case of similar studies on the diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.479-495
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• 2018

This study was carried out to research the multimedia fate modeling, concentration distribution and impact assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from automobiles, which are known as carcinogenic and mutation chemicals. The amount of emissions of PAHs was determined based on the census data of automobiles at a target S-city and emission factors of PAHs, where multimedia fugacity modeling was conducted by the restriction of PAHs transfer between air-soil at the impervious area. PAHs' Concentrations and their distributions at several environmental media were predicted by multimedia fugacity model (level III). The residual amounts and the distributions of PAHs through mass transfer of PAHs between environment media were used to assess the health risk of PAHs at unsteady state (level IV), where the sensitivity analyses of the model parameter of each variable were conducted based on Monte Carlo simulation. The experimental result at S-city showed that Fluoranthene among PAHs substances are the highest residual concentrations (60%, 53%, 32% and 34%) at all mediums (atmospheric, water, soil, sediment), respectively, where most of the PAHs were highly accumulated in the sediment media (more than 80%). A result of PAHs concentration changes in S-city over the past 34 years identified that PAHs emissions from all environmental media increased from 1983 to 2005 and decreased until 2016, where the emission of heavy-duty vehicle including truck revealed the largest contribution to the automotive emissions of PAHs at all environment media. The PAHs concentrations in soil and water for the last 34 years showed the less value than the legal standards of PAHs, but the PAHs in air exceeded the air quality standards from 1996 to 2016. The result of this study is expected to contribute the effective management and monitoring of toxic chemicals of PAHs at various environment media of Metropolitan city.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.3-21
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• 1997

The remediation of contamiated sites using currently available remediation technologies requires long term treatment and huge costs, and it is uncertain to achieve the remediation goal to drop contamination level to either back-ground or health-based standards by using such technologies. Intrinsic remediation technology is the remediation technology that relies on the mechanisms of natural attenuation for the containment and elimination of contaminants in subsurface environments. Initial costs for the intrinsic remediation may be higher than conventional treatment technologies because the most comprehensive site assessment for intrinsic remediation is required. Total remediation cost, however may be the lowest among the presently employed technologies. The applicability of intrinsic remediation in the contaminated sites should be theroughly investigated to achieve the remedial goal of the technology. This paper provides the frame of the extended site assessment procedure based on knowledge of biodegradability to evaluate the applicability of intrinsic remediation. This site assessment procedure is composed of 5 steps such as preliminary site screening, assessment of the current knowledge of biodegradability, selecting the appropriate approach, analyzing the contaminant fate and transport and planning the monitoring schedule. In the step 1, followings are to be decided 1) whether to go on the the detailed assessment or not based on the rules of thumb concerning the biodegradability of organic compounds, 2) which protocol document is selected to follow for detailed site assessment according to the site characteristics, contaminants and the relative distance between the contamination and potential receptors. In the step 2, the database for biodegradability are searched and evaluated. In the step 3, the appropriate biodegradability pathways for the contaminated site is selected. In the step 4, the fate and transport of the contaminants at the site are analyzed through modeling. In the step 5, the monitoring schedule is planned according to the result of the modeling. Through this procedure, users may able to have the rational and systematic informations for the application of intrinsic remediation. Also the collected data and informations can be used as the basic to re-select the other remediation technology if it reaches a conclusion not to applicate intrinsic remediation technology at the site from the site assessment procedure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2010

Purpose : Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a significant public health problem that results from insufficient exposure to sunlight and inadequate vitamin D supplementation. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. Methods : Data of 35 infants diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency rickets at Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from March 2007 to May 2009 were reviewed. Children with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <15 ng/mL and 15-30 ng/mL were considered to have vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency, respectively. Results : Thirty-five infants (22 boys, 13 girls) were diagnosed with rickets. Mean age at diagnosis was $7.4{\pm}7.1$ months (range: 0.1-29.8 months). Eighteen infants (51%) were vitamin D deficient and seventeen infants (49%) were insufficient. Twenty-eight of all (80%) diagnosed as subclinical rickets. Twenty-nine infants (83%) were below the age of 12months. Twenty infants (57%) had breastfed and ten infants (29%) had iron deficiency anemia. Nine of breastfed infants (45%) were vitamin D deficient and ten of their mothers were vitamin D insufficient. Overall, radiographic evidence of rickets was present in 93% of the cases. Radiographic sign of rickets was evident even in vitamin D insufficient state. Conclusion : It is important for the clinician to screen for subclinical vitamin D deficiency rickets in inadequately supplemented infants by pairing 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with wrist radiographs. A nationwide epidemiological study of vitamin D deficiency rickets must be conducted and evidence-based national guidelines must be defined to prevent rickets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1974

Digestibilities of flour of white wheat, barley, potato, sweet potato, are $5{\sim}11$ percent (3hrs.) in unripe starch state and in gelatinization, digestibilities are up to $20{\sim}30$ percent (3hrs.). And in two states, digestibilities of flour of potato and sweet potato are lower than barley and white wheat flour. If it is not gelatinization, digestibilities of biscuit and cracker are much lower than popped cake (29%). In gelatinization, digestibilities of biscuit and cracker $(19{\sim}29%,\;3hrs.)$ are similar to gelatinized flour of materials. Digestibilities of bread and castern is $21{\sim}32$ percent, it is similar to gelatinized flour of materials. And bread is higher than castera. Digestibility of on the marketing weaning food (II) (15%, 3hrs.) is much lower than food (I) (24.1%, 3hrs.) When the date of manufacturing passed $1{\sim}2$ months, digestibility of some cookies have a tendency to low. When mothers choice the infant weaning food, they consider metritional value (42%) and digestibility (27%). Also when they make weaning food at home, they generally use flour of rice (41%) and white wheat (23%). And they think, the rate of digestion is 49% in the rice flour and white wheat (23%). It was sort of cooked of rice (16%) and weaning food on the marketing(13%), which accepts to good digest. Also it was sort of biscuits (44%) which comparatively high choice snack food.