• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.201-212
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• 2017

This study draws pattern differentiations of headache disorders on the ground of modern clinical applications and Korean medical literature. Categorization and symptoms of headache disorders are based on International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition(beta version). And clinical papers are searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). In the aspect of eight principle pattern identification, primary headache occurs due to lots of yang qi and has more inner pattern rather than exterior pattern, heat pattern rather than cold pattern, excess pattern rather than deficiency pattern. And primary headache is related with liver in the aspect of visceral pattern identification and blood stasis, wind and phlegm are relevant mechanisms. Migraine without aura is associated with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, phlegm turbidity, sunken spleen qi, wind-heat, blood deficiency or yin deficiency. Migraine with aura is mainly related with wind and it's major mechanisms are ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, liver fire, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, blood deficiency or liver depression and qi stagnation. High repetition rate of tension-type headache can be identified as heat pattern or excess pattern. And trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias can also be accepted as heat pattern or excess pattern when the occurrence frequency is high and is relevant to combined pattern with excess pattern of external contraction and deficiency pattern of internal damage based on facial symptoms by external contraction and nervous and anxious status by liver deficiency. This study can be expected to be Korean medical basis of clinical practice guidelines on headache by proposing pattern identifications corresponding to the western classifications of headache disorders.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2013

The dried root of Angelica gigas (A. gigas) has been traditionally used as an oriental medicine, which is known to improve blood circulation and blood stasis. In the present study, leaves and stalks of A. gigas were used to investigate their effects on the innate immunity. The extracts were prepared from leaves and stalks of A. gigas and were fed to mice. The numbers of blood cells, total WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils were increased by 50% in mice fed with leaves extract of A. gigas compared to control mice. However, the numbers of blood cells were decreased when treated with stalks extract of A. gigas. The level of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum was markedly reduced in both mice group fed with leaves extract and stalks extract of A. gigas compared to control group (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the level of albumin, total protein, phosphate and calcium in serum. Activity of cationic peptide was found to be diffused in the testicles of mice fed with leaves extract of A. gigas compared to control group, which might be due to increased lysozyme in testicle. The lysoplate assay and immunohistochemistry assay suggest that the extract of leaves and stalks of A. gigas are immunogenic, but the effects might be related with acquired immune response rather than innate immunity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-136
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• 2001

Objectives : 'Pi Wei Lun' is the principal medical work of Li Dongyuan's writings, which contains most of his medical theories. There are sixty-three prescriptions in 'Pi Wei Lun', and fifty-two of them were originated from him. This study was planned to present assistance to those who apply Dongyuan's theory clinically. Methods : We investigated those fifty-two prescriptions literary, and studied them from a viewpoint of the principle and method of treatment. Results : Dongyuan's fifty-two prescriptions can be classified into eight groups from the viewpoint of the principles and methods of treatment which are composed of 'tonify the spleen and stomach & elevate the spleen Yang', 'elevate the spleen Yang & expel fire', 'elevate the spleen Yang & relieve dampness', 'promote blood flow to eliminate blood stasis', 'invigorate the spleen', 'replenish Ki & and dispel phlegm', 'purgation with drugs warm in nature', and 'the other' eight methods. Conclusions : From above, we concluded that Dongyuan considered 'the primordial energy of the spleen and stomach' as the most important when making up prescriptions, but, at the same time, he used diverse methods of treatment on the ground of differentiation of syndromes.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2010

Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) has become a technically feasible and safe procedure for early gastric cancer treatment. LAG is being increasingly performed in many centers; however, there have been few reports regarding LAG at low-volume centers. The aim of this study was to report our early experience with LAG in patients with gastric cancer at a low-volume center. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic data and surgical outcomes of 39 patients who underwent LAG for gastric cancer between April 2007 and March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age was 68.3 years. Thirty-one patients had medical co-morbidities. The mean patient ASA score was 2.0. Among the 39 patients, 4 patients underwent total gastrectomy and 35 patients underwent distal gastrectomy. The mean blood loss was 145.4 ml and the mean operative time was 259.4 minutes. The mean time-to-first flatus, first oral intake, and the postoperative hospital stay was 2.8, 3.1, and 9.3 days, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Postoperative complications developed in 9 patients, as follows: anastomotic leakage, 1; wound infection, 1; gastric stasis, 2; postoperative ileus, 1; pneumonia, 1; cerebral infarction, 1; chronic renal failure, 1; and postoperative psychosis, 1. Conclusions: LAG is technically feasible and can be performed safely at a low-volume center, but an experienced surgical team and careful patient selection are necessary. Furthermore, for early mastery of the learning curve for LAG, surgeons need education and training in addition to an accumulation of cases.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2005

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by extrinsic compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA. The operative treatment of choice is bypassing the obstructed duodenal segment by duodenojejunostomy. We report one case of SMA syndrome treated by laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy and followed up by 3D-reconstructive CT scan. A fifteen-year-old boy with intermittent vomiting and weight loss was admitted. Ultrasonography showed narrowing of the distance between the SMA and aorta. Hypotonic duodenography showed dilatation of duodenal third portion and barium stasis. On 3Dreconstructive CT scan, the angle between SMA and aorta was $37^{\circ}$. The postoperative course was uneventful. Three months later, he had gained 3 kg of weight and the angle between SMA and aorta increased to $38-39^{\circ}$ on 3D reconstructive CT scan. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for bypassing the obstructive duodenum in SMA syndrome is a feasible and safe method.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.112-129
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study is to explore the types of pattern identification (PI, 辨證) and the differential points of PI used for the treatment of psoriasis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) based on the Chinese references and to provide the evidences applying PI for the treatment of psoriasis in clinical practice. Methods : This study extracted patterns of psoriasis through database CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and analysis the patterns and classification criteria of the patterns. Those examined in the study are dermal symptoms, general symptoms, formula and herbs which are different depending on the patterns. Results : Total 60 studies were selected and 44 pattern types were extracted from them. We categorized the main pattern types on psoriasis used in TCM as 'blood-heat syndrome(BHS, 血熱證)', blood-stasis syndrome(BSS, 血瘀證), and 'blood-dryness syndrome(BDS, 血燥證)', 'dampness-heat syndrome(DHS, 濕熱證)' and 'yang-deficiency syndrome(YDS, 陽虛證)'. Among these patterns, BHS was the most common. In TCM, the pattern of BHS tended to have skin symptoms and signs related to inflammatory erythema and heat. Both BSS and BDS were characterized by long disease duration and poor healing. In addition, DHS tended to have the skin symptoms and signs such as oozing and severe itching. The symptoms and signs related to coldness mainly showed in YDS. For PI criteria, 'qi-blood-essence criteria(氣血津液辨證)' and 'eight-doctrine criteria(八鋼辨證) are commonly used. Conclusions : Our findings show that each PI on psoriasis in TCM has different characteristics related to dermal and general symptoms or signs. Further studies are needed to develop the diagnostic tool of PI on psoriasis reflecting on clinical practices in Korean Medicine by referring to the findings of this study about PI on psoriasis in TCM.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.18-33
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• 2006

Purpose : Endometriosis has been thought to be related with blood stasis in uterus. Onkyung-tang is a herb which has effectiveness of activating blood, warmy and regulating mensturation, therefore in the present study, the effects of Onkyung-tang on endometriosis were investigated. Methods : The endometrial tissue was autografted to Rat's small intestine. Rats with surgically induced endometriosis was orally administerd with Onkyung-tang for 40 days. Size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and concentration of progesterone, estradiol, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-2, 4, 6, 10 in serum were examined and compared with the control group. Results : The size of ectopic uterine implants of treated group was much smaller than that of control group. The concentration of estradiol, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4 level were significantly decreased in experimental group compared with the control group. IL-10 level was significantly increased in experimental group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in progesterone, IL-2, 6 level in experimental group and control group as well. Conclusion : My data suggest that Onkyung-tang reduce the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibit the growth of ectopic uterine implants. Judging from the above results, it can be suggested that Onkyung-tang should be a useful agent for inhibiting the proliferation of uterine endometrial tissue.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.239-257
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• 2007

Purpose : In the part of Ob & Gy disease, the health insurance application is very limited. This study has been performed for gaining the basic data of enlargement of insurance coverage and reform of the insurance system corresponded with real clinical conditions. Methods : The survey has been practiced twice, the subjective questionnaire was used at the first survey. Then the questionnaire written using the results of first survey was distributed to the Korean medical doctors(KMD) who participated in the autumn symposium of the society of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology. Results : 1. The main Ob & Gy disease that the acupuncture treatment has been used actually or thought be positively necessary on the clinic were Dysmenorrhea(including premenstrual syndrome), Climacteric syndrome, Menstrual disorder, Postpartum Pain syndrome. Amenorrhea, Low back pain with pregnancy, JingHa(pelvic tumor), Infertility etc. 2. The main additional complex the sick and wounded names given to visiting patients for Ob & Gy disease as the limits of acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Low back Pain(J10), Qi-stasis(B13.0), SimHwaHangYeom(C2l.1). 3. Suitable the sick and wounded name of Ob & Gy disease thought be added in BokGangNae(Intra-abdominal acupuncture: CV13 ${\cdot}$CV16${\cdot}$CV10). TuJa(Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion : SP6-GB39), TuJa(PC6-TE5) among acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Dysmenorrhea(K05). Menstrual disorder(K02) and Dysmenorrhea(K05), Hyperemesis(K16.0). 4. Climacteric syndrome(K04) and Dysmenorrhea(K05) should be added as suitable the sick and wounded name of TuJa(SP6-GB39), and Postpartum pain syndrome(K29) as KwanJeolGangNea(Intra-articular acupuncture: S35, LE201). Conclusion : Standing on this study, additional survey to general KMD should be continued. And the academic verifications through the oriental medical literatures and RCT papers on acupuncture should be also required.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.59-77
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• 2015

Objectives Medical plant has a big role in Herbal Medicines, and most medical plant has phytoestrogens. Therefore some estrogenic effects have been reported in a lot of Korean Medicine literature. Phytoestrogens should be used carefully in children. The objective of this study is to identify reported phytoestrogenic effects in Herbal Medicines and to evaluate the characteristics of the phytoestrogens in Herbal Medicines. Methods A literature search was done with using 8 databases with a limit of reports until 12/31/2013. The estrogenic effects were summarized by each individual Korean Medicine. The frequency of the phytoestrogens was also investigated depending on the Korean medical categorization by the treatment effect. Results and Conclusions Phytoestrogenic effects were reported in 89 Herbal Medicines. Phytoestrogens were act bidirectionally, and the effect was fairly weak compared to estrogen. Phytoestrogenic effect was variable on different cells and tissues. The most frequent phytoestrogenic effect was in tonifying and replenishing medicinal, the following orders were heat-clearing, exterior-releasing, and blood-activating and stasis-dispelling medicinal. Phytoestrogens were not reported in dampness-resolving, digestant, orifice-opening, emetic medicinal.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.8
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• pp.199-221
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• 2003

In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die rhetorischen Regeln zur Textproduktion auch auf die Textanalyse einer Rede anwendbar sind, und zwar einer vor der Systematisierung der Rhetorik verfassten Rede, $n\"{a}mlich$ dem Enkomium der Helene von Gorgias. Die Untersuchung ihrer $Anwendungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ als Ana1ysekategorien liegt der Vermutung nahe, dass das Enkomiurn auch rhetorische Elemente $enth\"{a}lt$, weil eine Theorie wie die Rhetorik erst durch die Beobachtung der musterhaften Reden, die Entdeckung ihrer $Regelm\"{a}{\ss}igkeiten$ und deren Synthetisierung entstanden ist Deswegen ist die Untersuchung norma1erweise mit der Festste1lung der im Text angewandten rhetorischen Regeln identisch. Dieses Verfahren aber $\"{u}berzeugt$ uns, dass dem Gorgias das Gliederungsschema der DISPOSITIO, die Sonderform der Einleitung INSINUATIO, die Prinzipien der Kurze und $Glaubw\"{u}rdigkeit$ in der $Erz\"{a}hlung$ sowie der Zusammenfassung im Schluss, das dem Enthymem $\"{a}hnliche$ logische Mittel LOGISMOS, die Stasis der $Qualit\"{a}t$, die Topoi der Stammung und Gerechtigkeit, die sog. gorgianischen Figuren usw. nicht fremd sind. Wegen des Streites um die $Zusammengeh\"{o}rigkeit$ dieser Rede zur epideiktischen wird hier auch untersucht, ob das Enkomium die von den Theoretikern wie Aristoteles und Cicero aufgestellten Bedingungen der epideiktischen Rede $erf\"{u}llt$. Nur 'die Apologie' nach der $Formalit\"{a}t$ im Beweis ausgeschlossen, die aber zur Beseitigung des am Gegenstand des Lobes $angeh\"{a}ngten$ Tadelhaften erforderlich ist, entspricht das Enkomium dem Prinzip der epideiktischen Rede: Lob der Tugend wie $Sch\"{o}nheit$ und Adeligkeit, Amplifikation bei der Formulierung, Wirkziel des aesthetischen Genusses. Wenn man die Entstehungszeit dieses Enkomiums $ber\"{u}cksichtigt$, kann man plausibel folgern, dass es eine $fr\"{u}he$ Form der Lobrede ist.