• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.197.1-197.1
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2015

This study examined the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bioactive compounds extracted from two starfish, Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis, using solvent extraction after $Protamex^{TM}$ hydrolysis. Methanol and acetone fractions collected by stepwise extraction from specimens were subjected to silica gel column chromatography (SGCC) (200 mesh and 400 mesh), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two fractions (7:3 and 5:5 chloroform : methanol ratio, v/v) eluted using silica gel column chromatography from the two starfishes showed higher antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and dermatophyte fungi (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton ferrugineum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum), antioxidant activity ($EDA_{50}$, mg/mL), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions. The final fractions obtained from Asterina pectinifera (RT 7.53, 8.93, and 10.48 min) and Asterias amurensis (RT 5.02 min) by SGCC (400 mesh) and HPLC from two SGCC fractions (200 mesh) showed 8.94 and 15.59 mg/mL antioxidant activity ($EDA_{50}$) and 46.89 and 40.19 % tyrosinase inhibitory activity, respectively. Extracts from starfishes are potential cosmetic basic material.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

Korea has developed coastal farming industry due to the environmental characteristics that its three sides are surrounded by sea. The damage of coastal farming industry caused by Asterias Amurensis with very strong reproductive rate and predaciousness has increased sharply every year. Moreover, Asterias Amurensis preys on living fish and shellfish and so the damage of fishermen is vern greater. In this paper, a method is proposed to extract effectively the features from the image of Asterias Amurensis acquired in the water. Because the proposed method extracts convex features using 6-directional scanning, it selects a fewer number of feature candidates than the conventional one. In addition, after selecting candidate concave points using the extracted convex features and centers of region, the final concave features are extracted. Due to the features of the starfish which lives in groups, individuals of the starfish in the input image are concentrated. Thus, it is significant to minimize the number of feature candidates extracted from the input image. The experimental results indicate an improvement of the proposed feature extraction method over the conventional one as evidenced by the fact that the feature extract was 88 % of the feature candidates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.922-934
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• 2013

The Amur Starfishes, known as give huge damages to shellfish farms, are being removed by only divers and fish net in the wide areas. Therefore, increasing recognition rates of starfishes are desperately required to remove high amounts of Amur Starfishes effectively. Meanwhile, current technology of obtaining the images of starfish distribution has limitation of obtaining color images due to using visible light in the darkness seabed area. In this research, we have used infrared ray, which is very penetrated, and strong against noise that comes from floating objects under the water, in order to solve current problems. As a result, we have acquired better images to analyze recognition rates of starfishes, and also able to received much satisfied recognition rate results for 88.7% of Amur Starfishes by adopting the most suitable adaptive filter method.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Crude saponin, extracted from the starfish Asterias amurensis, was assessed for its capacity as a biological pesticide. As part of this analysis, its insecticidal and repellent activities, in addition to its acute and chronic toxicities were tested. In comparison with the control group, insecticidal activity of saponin against tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, in kale, Brassica loeracea was low at 36.4%. Repellent activities of the extracted saponin against green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and S. litura, on soybean leaf, Glycine max and kale were 65.6% and 35.0% at $1^{st}$ day, and 54.5% and 30.0% at $3^{rd}$ day, respectively. Acute and chronic toxicity analysis was carried out using acute immobilizatioin test and reproduction impairment test, respectively. The saponin had 48 h-$EC_{50}$ of $65.21{\mu}g/mL$. Twenty-one day accumulative reproduction after treatment was lower in Daphnia magna at $7{\mu}g/mL$ saponin (78 youngs), compared with the control group (129 youngs). These results indicate that the extracted saponin exhibited some toxicity and has potential as a repellent against insects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.421-432
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• 1997

A new lectin was partially purified from starfish,Asterina pectinifera by means of physiological saline extraction, salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and hy droxyapatite chromatography, and it was named APL. The biochemical properties of the APL were characterized. In addition, its effects on lymphocyte mitogenicity and cancer cell agglutinability were tested. The APL agglutinated nonspecifically human erythrocytes and rabbit blood cells. Agglutinability was decreased to 30% of control activity below pH 5 and above pH 9 and was relatively unstable at increasing temperatures above 60$^{\circ}C$. The activity was reduced by addition of two kinds of metal ions, $Ba^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ and chelating agent, EDTA. APL was proved to be glycoproteins containing 9% sugars. For carbohydrate specificity, it was found that the activity of APL was inhibited by D(+)-glucosamine, D(+)-galactosamine, stachyose, N-acetyl-galactosamine and methyl-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranoside among 35 sugars tested. In amino acid composition, the contents of acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid were relatively high. This result suggest that the isoelectric point would be in a lower range. APL was found that it promotes the division of human lymphocytes. APL was proved to be a potent agglutinin for cancer cells such as HeLa, L929 and L1210 cells. Significant changes on the HeLa cell surfaces affected by APL were observed under the electron microscope.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1983

There are two weak points in a high pressure vessel, one is a corner, the other is a crack on the base. In order to evaluate safety of a department of a corner and a crack like a starfish on the base in a high pressure vessel (working pressure: $130kg/cm^{2}$), which was made by Marison's Process, we analyzed stress by strain gauge, measured thickness and hardness by ultrasonic testing, and were able to test pressure by water pressure from nondestructive testing. Also destructive testings were applied to measure thickness and to observe microstructure and chemical composition of a corner on the base. From the results of the experiment, values of experiment were satisfied with a condition of application. But, it is considered that a crack on the base is to be investigated with more by Fracture Mechanics.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 1998

The effect of MAP kinase activity on maturation of porcine oocytes was investigated. MAP kinase was detected by immunofluorescence staining in nucleus of oocytes just before entering GVBD (germinal vesicle breakdown)stage. In a Western blot with GV (germinal vesicle) from these oocytes (cultured for 25 hours), a shift of MAP kinase band a, pp.ared, suggesting an activated stage of the kinase. No activity was shown in the blot with GV isolated from, oocytes cultured for 0 hour. To confirm that activation of MAP kinase induce GVBD, we microinjected MAP kinase purified from matured oocytes starfish into the cytoplasm of oocytes in GV stage (cultured for 0 hour). The injected MAP kinase did not cause early a, pp.arance of GVBD. No oocytes showed GVBD state until 20 hours of culture. Activity of MAP kinase did not increase significantly after the injection. When the exogenous MAP kinase was injected into GV, GVBD was induced in about 20% of oocytes cultured for 5 to 10 hours. These results suggest that MAP kinase is traslocated to nucleus and function as a factor inducing GVBD.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1994

별불가사리 난자형성 중 난모세포(직경 7-l7O Um) 표면의 구조적 변화를 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 직경 25-855 Um의 난모세포에서 'endocvtosis'와 관련된 구조인 coated pit, coated vesicle과 내포소낭이 존재하였으며. 내포소낭은 난황립과 융합하였다. 특히, 이러한 융합은 직경 130-155 Um의 난모세포에서 많이 관찰되었다 난자형성 초기에 난모세포의 미세융모는 세포막을 따라 무질서하게 분포하고. 인접한 세포와 맞닿아 있었다. 직경 15 Um에서 65 Um에 이르는 난모세포는 세포막 부위에 따라서 미세융모의 굵기와 길이, 그리고 형태가 다르게 나타났고, 직경 100 Um 이상의 난모세포에서는 잘 발달된 미세음모가 난뢍층에 존재하였다 여포세포로부터 나온 돌기는 직경 7 Um의 난모세포와 난자형성 후기의 난모세포에서 난황층을 윤고 세포막과 닿아 'junctional complex'를 형성하였다. 이와같은 난모세포 표면의 다양한 구조적 변화는 난모세포의 세포막을 통한 물질투과 기능의 분화와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 2004

In August 2003, the water quality of offshore waters along the Incheon coast of Korea was evaluated by biological evaluation using gametes, embryos and early development systems of a starfish species (Asterina pectinifera). As the result of performing biological evaluations on seawater samples from a total thirteen sites, the formation rate of normal larva was 16-68%. At seawater sample from site 5 and 13, formation rate of normal larva averaged 16%, the most abnormal rate hindering the early embryo development of the experimental animal, while that of site 3 averaged 68%, the highest formation rate of normal larva. At seawater sample from site 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, formation rate of normal larva averaged 33-54%, those which damage the development of early embryos slightly. At seawater sample from site 1, 5, 6, 8, 13, formation rate of normal larva averaged 16-28%, those which damage the development of early embryos strongly.