• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2021

To confirm the influence of modified starch on frozen storage stability, the microstructure and sensory characteristics of fish cakes, called Eomuk in Korea, by using seven varieties of starch, including native starch (NS), physically treated corn starch (MS) and modified starch [treatment with acetate (SA-1, SA-2 and SA-3), hydroxypropyl (HS), and acetylated distarch adipate (ADA)] were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs showed fish cakes with NS had a finer and denser network structure than those made with modified starches. During frozen storage, fish cakes with HS and ADA exhibited a stable structure, as evaluated by porosity and rough surface. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that modified starch, including HS, SA-2 and ADA, increased the taste and firmness of the fish cakes, while NS, MS and the modified starch SA-3 resulted a decrease in the sensory properties during storage. Therefore, HS, SA-2 and ADA are suitable additives to improve the sensory quality of frozen fish cakes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 1990

In order to investigate effects of starch addition on the fermentative quality and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of Kudzu, Puerarie thunbergii Bentham plants were ensiled by the conventional method in small experimental plastic silo of 7.5 liter with different levels of starch addition. The fermentative quality, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of silage were determined by chemical analysis, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) by pepsin-cellulase technique. Total digestibile nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were calculated with DMD. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Acetate, butyrate, PH, NDF, ADF, and ADL of Kudzu silage were reduced with increasing of starch addition but the contents of lactate and total acid were increased. 2. The DMD was marked 47.5, 49.5, 51.2, 57.9 and 62.0 % under starch addition with a rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 %, respectively. 3. TDN, DF and ME were increased with high rate of starch addition. 4. The regression equation and correlation of Kudzu silage between level of starch (X) and DMD (Y) were Y= 41.6 + 1.86 X (I= 0.96, P < 0.01), of silage between Flieg's score (X) and DMD (Y) were Y= 41.6 + 0.23 X (I= 0.96, P < 0.01) and of silage between level of starch (X) and Flieg's score (Y) were Y= 21.3 + 7.97 X (I= 0.97, P < 0.01), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1984

The hemoglobin phenotype and the gene frequencies of 44 Formosan deer(Cervus nippon) in Kyung-Gi area were examined by using cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis. 1. The method of cellulose acetate electrophoresis was simplier, more clear and preserative than starch gel electrophoresis. 2. The hemoglobin phenotype was appeared 3 types as $Hb^F$ $Hb^{FS}$ and $Hb^S$. The frequencies of appearance were $Hb^F$ 47.7%, $Hb^{FS}$ 47.7% and $Hb^S$ 4.5%, respectively. 3. The genetic factors of hemoglobin were observed as $Hb^F$ and $Hb^S$ and the rates of gene frequencies were 71.6% and 28.4%, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-4
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• 1963

Using conidia of Neurospora, changes in respiratory activities and the sensitivity to the ultraviolet light of the cells at different growing stages were measured by manometric methods, and the correlation between them was observed. Efficiency in the utilization of various carbon sources, such as, glucose, sucrose, maltose, starch and sodium acetate, in growth and exogenous respiration of N. crassa was also determined. Growth rate of N. crassa was decreased considerably in the medium containing sodium acetate than in the glucose medium and was almost zero in the lactose medium, whereas the utilization of sucrose, maltose and starch was ve교 high, as that of glucose. Respiratory activities of the cells veried considerably depending upon their different growing stages. Actively growing hyphae exhibited the greatest activity in exogenous glucose respiration, followed by germinating and activated conidia in decreasing order. There was no proportional relationship between the dose of ultraviolet light irradiated and its effect on the respiratory activity of the cells, though the more the dose of ultraviolet light, the more the injury. The sensitivity of the cells to ultraviolet light varied with the different respiratory activities of the cells linked to the developmental stages. In general, the more actively growing cells having high respiratory activities exhibited the more serious injury.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1988

The production of single cell protein using the amylolytic fusant obtained from cell fusion between Hansenula anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. The fusant12 strain was selected for single cell protein production from starchy materials among five fusants. Optimum nitrogen source and its concentration for the growth of fusant12 were ammonium sulfate and 0.1%, respectively. Optimum concentration of soluble starch and optimum pH of the basal medium were lord and pH 5.6, respectively. Autolysis of fusant12 was effectively carried out by addition of 5% (v/v) ethyl acetate to the cell suspension and liquidization for 30 min before incubation for 24 hr at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Coculture of fusant12 and non-amylolytic yeast, Torulopsis candida YA-l5, resulted in the increase of the mass as compared to the monoculture of fusant12. The cell mass on tapioca medium was increased about 2.5 times as on soluble starch medium. The content of crude protein and nucleic acid of the dry cell were 39% and 5.8%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.667-670
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• 1996

Four Murrah male buffalo calves with an average body weight of $188{\pm}1.6kg$ each fitted with rumen and abomasal cannula were subjected to defaunation followed by refaunation. The animals were offered wheat straw and a concentrate mixture. There was no difference in dry matter, starch and nitrogen intake in defaunated and refaunated buffalo calves. Production of ruminal total volatile fatty acid and acetate : propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.01) whereas, molar proportion of propionate increased (25.8 Vs 19.4% p < 0.01) in defaunated animals. Fermentation of starch in rumen increased (73.9 Vs 65.8%, p < 0.01) but in small intestine decreased (20.2 Vs. 28.2%, p < 0.05) in defaunated calves. The flow of non ammonia nitrogen (NAN) to abomasum (75.1 vs 68.6 g/d, p < 0.01) and its digestion in small intestine (37,6 vs 32.5 g/d, p < 0.01) was improved due to defaunation. However, No difference in the total tract digestibility of starch and nitrogen was found in defaunated and refaunated buffalo calves.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.50-55
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• 2014

An oxidized starch was modified for surface sizing via etherification and esterification. Propylene oxide (PO), sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA), and acrylonitrile (AN) were used as etherification, and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), maleic anhydride (MA), fumaric acid (FA), and itaconic acid (ITA) were used for esterification. Esterification and etherification of starch decreased both Brookfield viscosity and Brabender viscosity substantially even though the solids level was increased by 2% from 14 to 16%. Surface sizing performance of starches in tensile strength, stiffness and compressive strength was improved by esterification and etherification of the oxidized starch. Especially, SMCA etherification was found to be the most effective modification method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral administration of rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPL-T) on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions using Hanwoo beef steers as the animal models. Methods: Four steers (423±24 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were employed in a crossover design replicated twice. Treatments were control (basal diet) and RPL-T (basal diet+191.1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) group. Blood and duodenal samples were collected to measure serum GIH levels and pancreatic α-amylase activity at day 0, 1, 3, and 5 (-30, 30, 90, 150, and 210 min) of the study. Samples from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were collected via ruminal and duodenal cannulas and were used to determine soluble protein and the starch digestion rate at days 6 (-30, 180, 360, and 540 min) and 8 (-30, 90, 270, and 450 min) of the experiment. Results: No significant difference in ruminal pH, NH₃-N, and total volatile fatty acid including the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio was observed between groups (p>0.05). Crude protein uptake was higher and feces starch content was lower in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). The D-glucose contents of feces in RPL-T group decreased at day 5 compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), however, no change was found at day 0, 1, or 3 compared to the control group (p>0.05). Serum cholecystokinin (CCK), melatonin, duodenal pancreatic α-amylase activity, and starch digestion were significantly higher in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of high amylose starch (HAS) consumption on gut functions in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were fed an diet containing HAS for 4 weeks (0, 125, 250, 500 g/kg diet). Stool weights, transit time, the pH of cecum, Bifidobacterium growth, short chain fatty acid production, and prostaglandin E$_2$production in colon mucus were measured. HAS intake did not affect body weight gain or food efficiency ratio during experimental period. There were no significant differences in kidney weight, epididymal fat pad weights or spleen weights, but the weights of the liver and thymus were significantly lower in the HAS100 group. The length of the large intestine, the weights of the cecum wall and cecum contents, and stool weights significantly increased through HAS intake. But transit time was not affected by the experimental diet. Although Bifidobacterium growth in the cecum increased through the HAS intake dose dependently, there were significant differences in the HAS50 and HAS100 groups. HAS intake increased the production of short chain fatty acid in the cecum contents. In particular, acetate and butyrate concentrations grew significantly. And the production of prostaglandin E$_2$in the colon mucus significantly decreased through HAS intake. These results demonstrate that high amylose starch intake significantly improves gut function.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2020

We investigated the effect of the modified starch [physical treatment, acetate (SA-1, SA-2, and SA-3), hydroxypropyl (HS), and acetylated distarch adipate] content on the physicochemical properties of fish cakes, called Eomuk in Korea, during storage at -20℃. When wheat flour (native starch, NS) was used, the moisture content decreased during frozen storage, resulting in a lower water-holding capacity and higher expressible drip. Compared with NS, adding modified starch had a lower effect on the moisture content during frozen storage. The water-holding capacity and expressible drip differed with the type of modified starch added. The expressible drip was lowest with HS; the SA-3 and HS modified starch were whiter than NS. Therefore, HS and SA-1 are suitable additives to improve the quality of frozen fish cakes.