• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1289-1296
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• 2018

The e-Navigation promoted by the International Maritime Organization is a technology that provides marine-related information necessary for ship and shore side by electronic means for marine safety, security and protecting marine environment. The IHO S-100 standard is a geospatial standard that can express various hydrographic information. Various specifications including S-101 for electronic charts are being developed. In this paper, to help developers who are interested in implementing the technology of S-100, we not only analyze the process to portray the S-100 based data but also implement a case study on S-129 under keel clearance management. The portrayal process consists of data encoding and portrayal engine. Data encoding includes generation of application schema and data set. Portrayal engine is performed by the reform of the generated data set, the XSLT processing, and then the generation of drawing instructions.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is to present a standard value for clinical crown angulation and inclination required in laboratory process and see if the value can be used for actual laboratory process. Methods: In order to find out a standard value for clinical crown angulation and inclination, this study made a study model of normal occlusion of 21 females in twenties. The clinical crown angulation and inclination of both six-maxillary and six-mandibular anterior teeth are measured by Set-up Model Checker. From the measured value above, the mean and standard deviation of the twelve teeth are obtained, and then the mean of the teeth between right and left side is calculated. Results: Each clinical crown angulation of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine is like this; $1.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, $3.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, and $5.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.4^{\circ}$. In case of mandibular, each degree is like this; $0.6^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, $1.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, and $4.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$. Each clinical crown inclination of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine is like this; $6.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$, $4.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.9^{\circ}$, and $-6.2^{\circ}{\pm}1.4^{\circ}$. In case of mandibular, each degree is like this; $0.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.5^{\circ}$, $0.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$, and $-7.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$. Conclusion: As the result, the mean value for clinical crown angulation and inclination can be referred to actual laboratory process. However, the mean value is different from those of the precedent study and an unsatisfied one for adopting the standard value.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2008

Objectives : It is sure that standardization of medical instruments is very important and necessary. Cupping therapy is one of the traditional oriental medical method, and it is necessary to set up a standard of cupping therapy and instruments. Methods : We select 3 major cupping instrument makers according to a questionnaire survey of 2001 oriental medical doctors. Dae Gun is A maker, Han Sol is B maker, Dong Bang is C maker. And with these air pumps we make experiments on stability by an inner impact test and a falling test. With these cups we check stability by an inner impact test and a disinfection test. And to know function of these instruments we test a negative pressure and maintain attached cups until 5 to 10minutes. Results : All results of experiments(impacted test, disinfection test, falling test) on stability of cups and air pumps are suitable for medical instrument. And the efficiency of 3 major makers shows various results. Negative pressure of B group is the highest, C group is the second, A group is the lowest. Pressure maintenance test shows A and C group is comparatively up to the experimental standard(<10%), B group is comparatively below the experimental standard(<10%). Conclusions : Results show stability of cups and air pumps is suitable for medical instruments. And negative pressure of cupping and maintenance of pressure show various results. So it is necessary to set up a standard negative pressure of cupping and maintenance of pressure.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

The current 3D CG animation pipe line, which is the production system, does not have an effective solution that all animation departments are able to start their jobs independently against other animation departments. It is generally acknowledged that we could not do animating task before the modeling and set-up task. This kind of process has caused loss of labour. We could expect lasting problems which is stopping marking animating process before the previous process done again in case of requiring editing the jobs which are modeling and set-up. We could solve these "bottleneck" situation with "master character" defined as standard, so that animate and retake the job independently against other departments. These new process could accelerate the animation pipe line system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.199-211
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 한국인을 대상으로 겨울철 체감실험을 통해 SET*(PMV)와 상관관계를 규명하고, ASHRAE Standard 55-74의 쾌적영역과 한국인의 쾌적영역을 비교 검토하는 것이다. 실험에 참가한 각 피험자는 동일한 유니폼을 착용한 체 의자에 앉아 환경시험실에서 2시간 체재하였다. 피험자의 평균피부온도는 신체 3군데에서 측정한 피부온도 값을 이용하였고, 전신온냉감 및 쾌불쾌감 신고는 매 15분 간격으로 측정하였다. 전신온냉감 신고 스케일은 -3= cold, -2=cool, -1=slight cool, o=neutral, +1= Slightly warm, +2=warm, +3=hot 이며, 쾌불쾌감 신고스케일은 0=comfortable, +1=slightly comfortable, +2=uncomfortable, +3=very uncomfortable이다. 겨울철 체감실험을 통해 아래의 결론을 얻었다. 1)전신온냉감이 중립이 될때 청년층의 SET*는 25.5$^{\circ}C$이며, 고령자의 중립온도는 27$^{\circ}C$이었다. 고령자는 청년에 비해 $1.5^{\circ}C$(SET*) 정도 고온을 선호하였다. 2)청년층의 쾌적영역은 24.2-26.8$^{\circ}C$(SET*)이며, 고령자의 쾌적영역은 25.7-28.2$^{\circ}C$이었다. 이러한 쾌적영역은 ASHRAE의 쾌적영역보다 고온지향적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.256-265
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to examine the ability to predict soluble solid and firmness in intact apples based on the visible/near-infrared spectroscopic technique. Two cultivars of apples, Delicious and Gala, were handled, tested and analyzed separately. Reflectance spectra, Magness-Tayor (MT) firmness, and soluble solids in apples were measured sequentially. Maximum and minimum diameters, height, and weight of apples were recorded before the MT firmness tests. A spectrophotometer was used to collect reflectance spectra of intact apples over a wavelength range of 400 to 2, 498 nm. The W firmness tests were conducted using a standard 11.1mm (7/16 in.) MT probe mounted in an Instron universal testing machine. A digital refractormeter was used to measure soluble solid contents in the apples. Apple samples were divided into a calibration set and a prediction set. The calibration set was used during model development, and the prediction set was used to predict soluble solids and firmness from unknown spectra. The method of partial least square (PLS) analysis was used. An unique set of PLS loading vectors (factors) was developed for soluble solid content and firmness. The PLS model showed good correlations between predicted and measured soluble solids of intact apples in 860～1078 nm of the wavelengths. However, the PLS analysis was not good enough to predict the apple firmness.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2014

In recent years, several studies have proposed making use of the Twitter micro-blogging service to track various trends in online media and discussion. In this study, we specifically examine the use of Twitter to track discussions of food safety in the Korean language. Given the irregularity of keyword use in most tweets, we focus on optimistic machine-learning and feature set selection to classify collected tweets. We build the classifier model using Naive Bayes & Naive Bayes Multinomial, Support Vector Machine, and Decision Tree Algorithms, all of which show good performance. To select an optimum feature set, we construct a basic feature set as a standard for performance comparison, so that further test feature sets can be evaluated. Experiments show that precision and F-measure performance are best when using a Naive Bayes Multinomial classifier model with a test feature set defined by extracting Substantive, Predicate, Modifier, and Interjection parts of speech.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

We investigatea new fuzzy-neural networks-Hybrid Fuzzy set based polynomial Neural Networks (HFSPNN). These networks consist of genetically optimized multi-layer with two kinds of heterogeneous neurons thatare fuzzy set based polynomial neurons (FSPNs) and polynomial neurons (PNs). We have developed a comprehensive design methodology to determine the optimal structure of networks dynamically. The augmented genetically optimized HFSPNN (namely gHFSPNN) results in a structurally optimized structure and comes with a higher level of flexibility in comparison to the one we encounter in the conventional HFPNN. The GA-based design procedure being applied at each layer of gHFSPNN leads to the selection leads to the selection of preferred nodes (FSPNs or PNs) available within the HFSPNN. In the sequel, the structural optimization is realized via GAs, whereas the ensuing detailed parametric optimization is carried out in the setting of a standard least square method-based learning. The performance of the gHFSPNN is quantified through experimentation where we use a number of modeling benchmarks synthetic and experimental data already experimented with in fuzzy or neurofuzzy modeling.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.487-502
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• 2014

A three dimensional finite element model was used to simulate rapid impact compaction (RIC) in loose granular soils using ABAQUS software for one impact point. The behavior of soil under impact loading was expressed using a cap-plasticity model. Numerical modeling was done for a site in Assalouyeh petrochemical complex in southern Iran to verify the results. In-situ settlements per blow were compared to those in the numerical model. Measurements of improvement by depth were obtained from the in-situ standard penetration, plate loading, and large density tests and were compared with the numerical model results. Contours of the equal relative density clearly showed the efficiency of RIC laterally and at depth. Plastic volumetric strains below the anvil and the effect of RIC set indicated that a set of 10 mm can be considered to be a threshold value for soil improvement using this method. The results showed that RIC strongly improved the soil up to 2 m in depth and commonly influenced the soil up to depths of 4 m.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.626-628
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• 2004

This paper describes an 8-bit CMOS folding A/D converter for set-top box. Modular low-power, high-speed CMOS A/D converter for embedded systems aims at design techniques for low-power, high-speed A/D converter processed by the standard CMOS technology. The time-interleaved A/D converter or flash A/D converter are not suitable for the low-power applications. The two-step or multi-step flash A/D converters need a high-speed SHA, which represents a tough task in high-speed analog circuit design. On the other hand, the folding A/D converter is suitable for the low-power, high-speed applications(Embedded system). The simulation results illustrate a conversion rate of 40MSamples/s and a Power dissipation of 80mW(only analog block) at 2.5V supply voltage.