• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2022

Purpose: Pediatric acute appendicitis has a stable incidence rate in Western countries with an annual change of -0.36%. However, a sharp increase was observed in the Asian region. The Indonesian Health Department reveals appendicitis as the fourth most infectious disease, with more than 64,000 patients annually. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify and evaluate the risk factors and diagnostic modalities for accurate diagnosis and early treatment. This study also clarifies the usage of pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) for children <5 years of age. Methods: The current study employed a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling through demographic and PAS questionnaires with ultrasound sonography (USG) results. The analysis was performed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression. Results: This study included 21 qualified patients with an average age of 6.76±4.679 years, weighing 21.72±10.437 kg, and who had been hospitalized for 4.24±1.513 days in Siloam Teaching Hospital. Compared to the surgical gold standard, PAS and USG have moderate sensitivity and specificity. Bodyweight and stay duration were significant for appendicitis (p<0.05); however, all were confounders in the multivariate regression analysis. Incidentally, a risk prediction model was generated with an area under the curve of 72.73%, sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 54.5%, and a cut-off value of 151. Conclusion: PAS outperforms USG in the sensitivity of diagnosing appendicitis, whereas USG outperforms PAS in terms of specificity. This study demonstrates the use of PAS in children under 5 years old. Meanwhile, no risk factors were significant in multivariate pediatric acute appendicitis risk factors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2024

This study selected in-depth discharge damage survey data and analyzed 92,364 patients whose main diagnosis was S00-T98 (damage, addiction, and specific other results due to external factors) based on the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases and Deaths (KCD-7th) among patients discharged from the hospital after inpatient treatment from January 2016 to December 2018. As a result of analyzing the general characteristics of injured and traumatic patients, the incidence rate of men was higher in gender, and the incidence rate of women increased as the year increased. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of injury and trauma patients other than injury, the injury intention had a high rate of unintentional damage, the damage place was the highest on the road/road, and it showed a decreasing trend as the year increased, and it showed an increasing trend in the residential area. It can be used as basic data for the establishment of a related system to prevent damage as a result of subsang.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

Purpose: Although ultrasonography is the gold standard of diagnosing intussusception, plain abdomen radiograph (AXR) is often used to make differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with abdominal pain. In intussusception patients, we aimed to analyze the AXR and clinical data to determine the characteristics of early AXR findings associated with diagnosis of intussusception and recurrence after reduction. Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2018, 446 patients diagnosed with intussusception based on International Classification of Diseases-10 code of K56.1 were admitted. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 398 patients who received air reduction; 51 of them have recurred after initial reduction. We evaluated six AXR features including absent ascending colon gas, absent transverse colon gas, target sign, meniscus sign, mass, and ileus. Clinical data and AXR features were compared between single episode and recurrence groups. Results: Two groups did not show significant differences regarding clinical data. Mean time to recurrence from air reduction was 3.4±3.2 days. Absent ascending colon gas (63.9%) was the most common feature in intussusception, followed by mass (29.1%). All of six AXR features were observed more frequently in the recurrence group. Absent transverse colon gas was the most closely associated AXR finding for recurrence (odds ratio, 2.964; 95% confidence interval, 1.327-6.618; p=0.008). Conclusion: In our study, absence of ascending colon gas was the most frequently seen AXR factor in intussusception patients. Extended and careful observation after reduction may be beneficial if such finding on AXR is found in intussusception patients.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2169-2173
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• 2003

The development project of Korean High Speed Train (KHST) was started in 1996. As a national research project, the KHST project aims for a development of the next generation prototype train that has a maximum speed of 350 km/h. The development process of prototype KHST including 7 vehicles was completed last year and currently the prototype train is on its way of test running over the test track with gradually increased speed. The prototype KHST uses the real time network called TCN (Train Communication Network) for exchanging information between various onboard control equipments. After 10 years of development and modification period, TCN was confirmed as international standard (IEC61375-1) for the electrical railway equipment train bus. In the prototype KHST, all major control devices are connected by TCN and exchange their information. Such devices include SCU (Supervisory Control Unit), ATC (Automatic Train Control), TCU (Traction Control Unit), and so forth. For each device that sends and receives data using TCN, a device has to find out whether TCN is in normal or failure state before its data exchange. And also a device must have a proper method of data validation that was received in a normal TCN state. This is a one of the major important factors for devices using network. Some misleading information can lead the entire system to a catastrophic condition. This paper briefly explains how TCN was implemented in the prototype KHST train, and also shows what kind of the fault diagnosis method was adopted for a fail safe operation of TCN system

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2019

Though sleep polysomnography (PSG) is considered as a golden rule for medical diagnosis of sleep disorder, it is essential to find alternative diagnosis methods due to its cost and time constraints. Recently, as the popularity of wearable health devices, there are many research trials to replace conventional actigraphy to consumer grade devices. However, these devices are very limited in their use due to the accessibility of the data and algorithms. In this paper, we showed the predictive model for sleep stages classified by American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) standard and we proposed the estimation of sleep cycle by comparing sensor data and power spectrums of δ wave and θ wave. The sleep stage prediction for 31 subjects showed an accuracy of 85.26%. Also, we showed the possibility that proposed algorithm can find the sleep cycle of REM sleep and NREM sleep.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2009

Objectives : To compare the performance of three comorbidity measurements (Charlson comorbidity index, Elixhauser s comorbidity and comorbidity selection) with the effect of different comorbidity lookback periods when predicting in-hospital mortality for patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods : This was a retrospective study on patients aged 40 years and older who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. To distinguish comorbidity from complications, the records of diagnosis were drawn from the National Health Insurance Database excluding diagnosis that admitted to the hospital. C-statistic values were used as measures for in comparing the predictability of comorbidity measures with lookback period, and a bootstrapping procedure with 1,000 replications was done to determine approximate 95% confidence interval. Results : Of the 61,815 patients included in this study, the mean age was 63.3 years (standard deviation: ${\pm}$10.2) and 64.8% of the population was male. Among them, 1,598 2.6%) had died in hospital. While the predictive ability of the Elixhauser's comorbidity and comorbidity selection was better than that of the Charlson comorbidity index, there was no significant difference among the three comorbidity measurements. Although the prevalence of comorbidity increased in 3 years of lookback periods, there was no significant improvement compared to 1 year of a lookback period. Conclusions : In a health outcome study for patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention using National Health Insurance Database, the Charlson comorbidity index was easy to apply without significant difference in predictability compared to the other methods. The one year of observation period was adequate to adjust the comorbidity. Further work to select adequate comorbidity measurements and lookback periods on other diseases and procedures are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

Although the Hazen-Williams C factors are very important in the design, operation, and maintenance of water supply pipes, sufficient studies for them have been not reported in korea, which are based on experiments or measured data. Because of this, we have estimated C factors by measurement considering constraints in time precise safety diagnosis for multi-regional water supply system were performed. In this study, we confirmed constraints and variables characteristics of Hazen-Williams equation, and collected reliable C factors data of 174 by measurement, and analyzed their characteristics. According to collected data, the average value is 115.35, which is almost equal to the value of design standard or a little higher than it in korea. Also, among the equations suggested to determine C factor in the past, the C factors calculated by Sharp and Walski equation was closest to them in this study. In addition, to analyze collected C factors, use year and pipe diameter having high correlation with them were respectively divided into there categories. Analysis results showed that C factors evidently decreases depending on increases in use year, on the other hand, size of pipe diameter is proportional to value of them. In conclusion, this research showing evaluation and characteristics for C factors based on measured data will be used as practical reference in determining C factor in multi-regional water supply systems at a later date.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1351-1358
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• 2011

To approximate the threshold of the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system, validation of the measurements is mandatory. Naturally, the system shows uncertainties due to measuring sensors - mostly thermocouples or RTDs - and due to repeatability. The uncertainty of a thermocouple comes from natural variation or a drift of the thermocouple measurement. Considering the natural variation behaves like zero-mean white noise, its natural variation can be characterized closely by the steady-state standard deviation. However, residuals between measurements and no-fault references in FDD systems show a statistical distribution with various uncertainties. In this paper, steady-state variations of measurement residuals were investigated by utilizing built-in temperature sensors in a heat pump for the model development and the final application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.147-153
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• 2014

We tried to assessment about characteristics of image through quantitative evaluation method and qualitative evaluation method in Full Field Digital Mammography. It satisfied an approval standard of ten score regardless of compression ratio measuring detection score after compressing and appling an algorithm of JPEG2000 orJPEG compression targeting ACR accreditation phantom. Also, it was apparent that when we selected and compressed the image of real fine lesion and measured a change of diagnosis ability magnifing over 50 percent after compressing over 20:1 ratio, it had a strong influence on diagnosis ability. We realized that the difference between the original image according to compression ratio measuring a quantitative evaluation which is PSNR,RMSE,MAE and SSIM was relatively allowable.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.741-746
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• 1996

Diffuse interstitial lung disease due to a wide variety of conditions are amenable to diagnosis by means of clinical evaluation, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy and lung biopsy. The recently introduced technique of thoracoscopic wedge biopsy provides the potential advantages of greater selection of biopsy site and reduced postoperative chest pain compared with the standard open lung biopsy Video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed in twenty patients for diagnosis of diffuse in- terstitial lung disease during the period from January 1993 to June 1994. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 69 years(mean 48.5 years), and the patients consisted of 10 males and 10 females. In all twenty, thoracoscpic lung biopsy samples were obtained; 9 from left lower lobe, 7 from right lower lobe, 2 from right upper lobe, 1 from left upper lobe, and 1 from right middle lobe. All patients were correctly diagnosed. The two common diseases were usual in erstitial pneumonia(UIP)(8120) and mil- liary tuberculo si s(4120) . Mean duration of the chest drainage was 3.2 days. There was no complication.