• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1033-1043
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• 1998

In this paper, we present an improved multicasting path assignment algorithm based on the minimum cost spanning tree. In the method presented in this paper, a multicasting path is assigned preferentially when a node to be received is found among the next degree nodes of the searching node in the multicasting path assignment of the constrained steiner tree (CST). If nodes of the legacy group exist between nodes of the new group, a new path among the nodes of new group is assigned as long as the nodes may be excluded from the new multicasting path assignment taking into consideration characteristics of nodes in the legacy group. In assigning the multicasting path additionally, where the source and destination nodes which can be set for the new multicasting path exist in the domain of identical network (local area network) and conditions for degree constraint are satisfied, a method of producing and assigning a new multicasting path is used. The results of comparison of CST with MCSTOP, MCSTOp algorithm enhanced performance capabilities about the communication cost, the propagation delay, and the computation time for the multicasting assignment paths more than CST algorithm. Further to this, research activities need study for the application of the international standard protocol(multicasting path assignment technology in the multipoint communication service (MCS) of the ITU-T T.120).

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study were to measure quality of life(QOL) in liver transplant recipients, to compare QOL between living donor liver transplant recipients and cadaveric liver transplant recipients and to investigate whether SF-36 may be used as a disease-specific instrument in liver transplant recipients. Methods : We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study of 133 LT recipients ages 13 to 65 years, all of whom had had Liver Transplantation(LT) at least 1 months previously. QOL was assessed using a self-completion questionnaire consisting of the Bang Whal Ran(1991) instruments and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36) health status profile measure. We investigated whether the SF-36 instrument may be used as a disease-specific instrument in LT recipients. Individual scale scores range from 0 to 100, with higher score reflecting better health. Data on demographics, clinical status at pre transplantation 1 day, post transplantation clinical status, and graft function were collected to identify predictors of post transplantation QOL. Results : Standard measures for test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant and concurrent validity were examined. The reliability of the SF-36, as measured by test-retest correlation(Pearson coefficients: 0.729, p=0.002) and by internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha: 0.9431) exceeded conventional acceptability criteria. The correlation between domain scores of SF-36 and the Bang Whal Ran(l991) was clear and logical in that the clinical characteristics of SF-36 strongly correlated with the clinical component summary score of the Bang Whal Ran(l991)(r = 0.8155, P<.01). SF-36 scale scores were compared between Cadaveric Liver Transplant recipients and Living Donor Liver Transplant recipients. Donor types of post LT did not influence HRQOL(p>0.05). 87% of the liver transplant recipients were satisfied to get LT. Satisfaction of post LT showed significantly greater HRQOL(p<0.001). Conclusion : SF-36 is found reliable and valid. This study indicates thet Donor Type did not influence HRQOL after LT. The information gained from this study will help us to better define expectations and the clinical course after liver transplantation to patients and their families.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2004

Objectives: Major depression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. One possible explanation for this association is that major depression influences autonomic neurocardiac regulation. However, previous studies on the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and major depression have revealed conflicting results. The purpose of this study is to clarify that major depressive patients compared to healthy controls show a reduction in HRV as an expression of reduced modulation of vagal activity to the heart. Methods: According to DSM-IV, the time and frequency domain HRV indices (5-min resting study) of 30 patients with major depressive disorder were compared with those of 30 healthy controls. Standardized HRV tests enable quantitative estimation of autonomic nervous system function. Results: After controlling for age and gender, subjects with major depression showed a higher heart rate and significantly lower modulation of cardiovagal activity compared to controls. The total power (TP) band, very low frequency (VLF: 0.003-0.04 Hz) band, low frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) band, and high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) band were significantly reduced in subjects with major depression compared to control subjects. Conclusion: Patients with major depression may suffer from functional disturbances in the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

A new numerical method using solution-adaptive grids (SAG) is developed to solve the Richards' equation (RE) for unsaturated flow in porous media. Using a grid generation technique, the SAG method automatically redistributes a fixed number of grid points during the flow process, so that more grid points are clustered in regions of large solution gradients. The method uses the coordinate transformation technique to employ a new transformed RE, which is solved with the standard finite difference method. The movement of grid points is incorporated into the transformed RE, and therefore all computation is performed on fixed grid points of the transformed domain without using any interpolation techniques. Thus, numerical difficulties arising from the movement of the wetting front during the infiltration process have been substantially overcome by the new method. Numerical experiments for an one-dimensional infiltration problem are presented to compare the SAG method to the modified Picard method using a fixed grid. Results show that accuracy of a SAG solution using 41 nodes is comparable with the solution of the fixed grid method using 201 nodes, while it requires only 50% of the CPU time. The global mass balance and the convergence of SAG solutions are strongly affected by the time step size (Δt) and the weighting parameter (${\gamma}$) used for generating solution-adaptive grids. Thus, the method requires automated readjustment of Δt and ${\gamma}$ to yield mass-conservative and convergent solutions, although it may increase computational costs. The method can be effective especially for simulating unsaturated flow and other transport problems involving the propagation of a sharp-front.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2011

Recently, information communication technologies such as smartphone or mobile app greatly affect various application fields including geo-spatial domain. And development scheme of mobile web app or hybrid app regards as the most important computing technology which is combined each advantage of mobile app and mobile web. Despite these trends, it is general case that satellite images are used for the background image for other contents services. With this motivation, hybrid app for geo-metadata as the base for dissemination and service is designed and implemented as the prototype, in this study. At the design stage, HTML5, which is the core technology on an international standardization process for hybrid app, is applied. In the implementation, PhoneGap and Sencha Touch as mobile SDK(Software Development Kit) supporting HTML5 on cross-platform in open sources are used. In prototype, some KOMPSAT-2 images covering small area and mandatory elements in geo-metafata standard are tested. As mobile industry applications and business service models based on satellite images on mobile platform are progressing and diversifying, it is expected that this approach and implemented prototype are considered as an important reference.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.463-474
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• 2009

By employing the subscriber concept in broadcasting services, IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) operators provide various grades of services to subscribers based on the billing level of the subscribers. With the income from subscribers for a basis, IPTV operators plan to provide high quality services. Since Web browser-based IPTV provides T-commerce and E-commerce services as well as television services, users may frequently visit other service domains to buy goods or content. To provide the user with charged or private services, these service domains request authentication of user. The existing authentication system is not appropriate for the IPTV service environment because the environment unavoidably forces the user to cross from one authentication-based service domain to another. Single sign-on provides a user with transparent authentication services by enabling an authenticated user to move between authentication-based service domains without any re-authentication. Like this distributed environment, since the IPTV service environment also provides a variety of authentication-based services, transparent authentication service needs to be provided to subscribers who want to access charged or private services. In this paper, we propose a new user authentication scheme for the IPTV environment. This scheme integrates the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), which is a standard for XML-based single sign on. We validate this scheme using a simple use case scenario.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.2 s.31
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• pp.207-221
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• 2006

A fully automatic and computationally efficient method is proposed for intelligent display of soccer video on small multimedia mobile devices. The rapid progress of the multimedia signal processing has contributed to the extensive use of multimedia devices with a small LCD panel. With these emerging small mobile devices, the video sequences captured for standard- or HDTV broadcasting may give the small-display-viewers uncomfortable experiences in understanding what is happening in a scene. For instance, in a soccer video sequence taken by a long-shot camera technique, the tiny objects (e.g., soccer ball and players) may not be clearly viewed on the small LCD panel. Thus, an intelligent display technique is needed for small-display-viewers. To this end, one of the key technologies is to determine region of interest (ROI), which is a part of the scene that viewers pay more attention to than other regions. In this paper, the focus is on soccer video display for mobile devices. Instead of taking visual saliency into account, we take domain-specific approach to exploit the characteristics of the soccer video. The proposed scheme includes three modules; ground color learning, shot classification, and ROI determination. The experimental results show the propose scheme is capable of intelligent video display on mobile devices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.391-400
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• 2020

This study compared the parenting education needs of mothers and grandmothers who are rearing toddlers (12~36 months old), in order to examine how to resolve conflicts and problems caused by inconsistencies in the parenting attitudes of these caregivers. The findings will provide basic data for the development of a consistent parenting education program. The participants in this study were 201 mothers and 201 grandmothers who were all rearing toddlers. Data was collected at 11 daycare center in C city, Gyeongsangnamdo from August 1, 2017 to October 12, 2017. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and independent t-tests. As a result of comparing the parenting education needs of mothers and grandmothers, the overall evaluation of education needs was rated as 2.82±0.58 for mothers and 2.81±0.63 for grandmothers on a scale of 4, and there were no statistically significant differences in all five domains (t=0.21, p=.836). The highest education needs were found in the prevention and management of disease and injury, and the lowest was in the physical caring. Based on the results of this study, a toddler parenting education program was developed after selecting contents focusing on the prevention and management of disease and injury domain where education needs are high. We propose a study to examine the effects of applying such a program to both mothers and grandmothers who are rearing toddlers.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.165-178
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• 2007

The recent progress in multimedia signal processing and transmission technologies has contributed to the extensive use of multimedia devices to watch sports games with small LCD panel. However, the most of video sequences are captured for normal viewing on standard TV or HDTV, for cost reasons, merely resized and delivered without additional editing. This may give the small-display-viewers uncomfortable experiences in understanding what is happening in a scene. For instance, in a soccer video sequence taken by a long-shot camera techniques, the tiny objects (e.g., soccer ball and players) may not be clearly viewed on the small LCD panel. Moreover, it is also difficult to recognize the contents of the scorebox which contains the elapsed time and scores. This renuires intelligent display technique to provide small-display-viewers with better experience. To this end, one of the key technologies is to determine region of interest (ROI) and display the magnified ROI on the screen, where ROI is a part of the scene that viewers pay more attention to than other regions. Examples include a region surrounding a ball in long-shot and a scorebox located in the comer of each frame. In this paper, we propose a scheme for raising viewing experiences of multimedia mobile device users. Instead of taking generic approaches utilizing visually salient features for extraction of ROI in a scene, we take domain-specific approach to exploit unique attributes of the soccer video. The proposed scheme consists of two modules: ROI determination and scorebox extraction. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme offers useful tools for intelligent video display on multimedia mobile devices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.1332-1339
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• 2001

SoC(System on Chip) technology is widely used in the field of embedded systems by providing high flexibility for a specific application domain. An important aspect of development any new embedded system is verification which usually requires lengthy software and hardware co-design. To reduce development cost of design effort, the instruction set of microprocessor must be suitable for a high level language compiler. And FPGA prototype system could be derived and tested for design verification. In this paper, we propose a 16 bit FPGA microprocessor, which is tentatively-named EISC16, based on an EISC(Extendable Instruction Set Computer) architecture for embedded applications. The proposed EISC16 has a 16 bit fixed length instruction set which has the short length offset and small immediate operand. A 16 bit offset and immediate operand could be extended using by an extension register and an extension flag. We developed a cross C/C++ compiler and development software of the EISC16 by porting GNU on an IBM-PC and SUN workstation and compared the object code size created after compiling a C/C. standard library, concluding that EISC16 exhibits a higher code density than existing 16 microprocessors. The proposed EISC16 requires approximately 6,000 gates when designed and synthesized with RTL level VHDL at Xilinix's Virtex XCV300 FPGA. And we design a test board which consists of EISC16 ROM, RAM, LED/LCD panel, periodic timer, input key pad and RS-232C controller. 11 works normally at 7MHz Clock.