• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.108-122
• /
• 2005

The gait training strategy in very important things for central nervous system(CNS) injury patients. There are many method and strategy for regaining of the gait who had CNS injury. A human being has central pattern generator(CPG) is spinal CPG for locomotion. It is a neural network which make the cyclical patterns and rhythmical activities for walking. Sensory input from loading and hip position is essential for CPG stimulation that makes the central neural rhythm and pattern generating structure. From sensory input, the proprioceptive information facilitate proximal muscles that controlled in voluntarily from cortical level and visual and / or acoustical information facilitate distal muscles that controlled voluntarily from subcortical level. Gait training method can classify that is functional level and structural level. Functional level includ level surface gait, going up and down the stair. It is important to facilitate a guide tempo in order to activate the central pattern generators. During the functional test or functional activities, can point out the poor period in gait that have to be facilitate in structural level. There are many access methods with patient position and potentiality. The methods are using of rhythmic initiation, replication and combination of isotonic with standing position. Clinically using it on weight transfer onto the stance leg, loading response, loading response and pre-swing, terminal stance, up and downwards stairs.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.255-275
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to teaching qualitative research methods (TQRM) for Library and Information Science. To draw trend of TQRM, 76 course syllabi collected in the research oriented universities' master and doctoral programs, were analyzed using content analysis. The study proposes both common topics and essential strategies for TQRM in terms of the paradigm of qualitative research, research design, wide range of approaches to QR, diversity of collecting and analyzing data, writing, and evaluation criteria. It is very important to identify qualitative stance and to understand paradigms and philosophical and theoretical frameworks of QR for conducting QR reiteratively, creatively, reflectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 1994

This study was carried out to know correlation between age and balance performance. factors to effect on balance and prepare the basic data in balance performance evaluation clinically. 180 adults without neurosurgical and orthopedic disability from 20 to 79 years of age participated in this study voluntarily. The subjects performed One Legged Stance Test in five conditions 1) eye open 2) eye close 3) eye open & ear close 4) eye & ear close 5) on sponge. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean balance performance time by one legged stance test was 25.97 seconds in eye open, 10.45 seconds in eye close, 23.14 seconds in eye open & ear close, 10.18 seconds in eye & ear close and 23.15 seconds in on sponge. 2. The balance performance declined according to age increasing. 3. The visual factor effected on balance performance greatly. 4. The auditory factor effected less than visual factor on balance performance 5. The compliant surface effected on balance performance in over-fifty age group greatly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the gait parameter and plantar foot pressure of adults with Down syndrome(DS) during walking in order to provide data for developing evidence-based deficit or common rehabilitation strategies. Method : 15 participants with DS(12 men, 3 women; age $26.06{\pm}4.47$) and 15 healthy subjects(12 men, 3 women; age $25.33{\pm}3.43$) were matched age. They walked at self selected speeds on a GAITRite system and RS-scan system, and had the following measurements done: cadence, stride length, step width, foot angle, percent stance, percent double support, and plantar foot pressure in 10 areas of the foot. Results : In comparison of gait parameter(cadence, stride length, step width, foot angle, percent stance, and percent double support) between adults with DS and healthy subjects, there was significant differences(p<.05). Regarding plantar foot pressure during gait with or without DS, there were statisically significant differences in the area of Toes 1-5, Metatasal 1-4, Midfoot, and Heel(Medial and lateral)(p<.05). Conclusion : Our data show that DS walk with a less physiolosical gait pattern and plantar foot pressure than healthy subjects. Based on our results, DS patients need targeted rehabilitation and exercise strategies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the gait imbalance evaluation algorithm based on temporal symmetry ratio using encoder is proposed. The device is attached to the hip joint in order to measure the angle during the normal gait. Using an angle data, the stance phase and swing phase was determined. And the value of TSR(temporal symmetry ratio) was calculated by stance phase and swing phase of gait cycle. For the comparative experiment, the conventional method of the foot pressure was measured at the same conditions. The results of statistical analysis, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) when using encoder. The gait imbalance analysis using encoder is effective in determining the imbalance than using the existing method of pressure.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.607-613
• /
• 2000

Objective: This study is designed to examine how an application of a kinesio taping to the foot drop of a hemiplegic patient affects the functional recovery of a gait. Method: The patient was a man with left hemiplegia of about 11 months' duration. a single subject design (ABAB design) was used to investigate the timing difference at a stance phase between an unaffected side and an affected side in the gait ability of the hemiplegic patient by using the kinesio taping. The study was divided into four phase: an initial base-line, an experimental, a second base-line, and second experimental phase. Result: The timing difference at a stance phase between an unaffected side and an affected side in the gait was decreased in the case of the affected side by following the result of applying the kinesio taping to a lower extremity. Conclusion: The kinesio taping applied to the foot drop of a hemiplegic patient affects the improvement of the gait ability.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.840-845
• /
• 2015

Improvement in functional gait is one of treatment goals in treatment of cerebral palsy children. This study intended to examine the effects of insoles for postural correction on gait in spastic cerebral palsy patients by investigating changes in gait temporal spatial parameters. As the subjects, 15 spastic bilateral cerebral palsy patients participated in this study. Temporal spatial parameters of gait were measured using GAITRite system under three gait conditions. Bare foot gait, gait in shoes, and gait in insoles for postural correction were conducted. In order to look at differences in temporal spatial parameters according to three gait conditions, repeated one way analysis of variance was conducted. As post hoc test, Bonferroni was conducted. A significant level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. According to the result of this study, gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length of the left lower extremity significantly changed. When the subjects put on customized insoles for postural correction, the effect was greatest. There were no significant changes in stance time, single support time, double support time, swing % of gait, and stance % of cycle. Therefore, gait with insoles for postural correction positively influenced functional gait improvement and will be able to be usefully employed for spastic cerebral palsy children as one of gait assistance devices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop & to determine the effect of an tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults. Method: Subjects consisted of 59 older adults (experimental group : 29, control group : 30) living at nursing homes. Experimental group participated in tailored falls prevention exercise for 16 weeks(3 times a week, 50 min every session). Data were collected before the exercise, 16 weeks & 24 weeks after the beginning of exercise. Results: 1) the experimental group significantly improved the muscle strength of hip extensor & flexor, knee extensor & flexor, ankle dorsiflexor, & plantar flexor compared to the control group. 2) the experimental group significantly decreased the mean time for 10 times chair stand. 3) the experimental group significantly increased the standing time on one leg and the number of heel raise for 30 seconds compared to the control group. In addition more older adults in the experimental group completed the tandem stance & semi-tandem stance for 10 seconds than the control group. 4) The experimental group significantly decreased the mean time of 6m walk and the fall frequency compared to the control group. Conclusions: This results suggest that tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults can improve muscle strength, static & dynamic balance and decrease the fall frequency of older adults.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2020

In Integration Approach (IA)-based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR), it is important to detect the exact zero-velocity of the foot with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). By detecting zero-velocity during the stance phase of the foot touching the ground and executing Zero-velocity UPdaTe (ZUPT) at the exact time, stable navigation information can be provided by the PDR. When the pace is fast, however, it is not easy to accurately detect the zero-velocity because of the small stance phase interval and the large signal variance of the corresponding interval. Incorrect zero-velcity detection greatly causes navigation errors of IA-based PDR. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the zero-velocity stably even at high speed by novel buffering of IMU's output data and signal processing of the buffer. And we design a PDR based on this. By analyzing the performance of the proposed Zero-Velocity Detection (ZVD) algorithm and ZVD-based PDR through experiemnts, we confirm that the proposed method can provide accurate navigation information of pedestrians such as firefighters in the indoor space.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional strengthening exercise on static and dynamic standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. The subject was a 7 year old boy with diplegia whose Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) score was 80% along with G1 of the lower extremities in Modified Ashworth Scale. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated muscle weakness and strength asymmetry in the lower extremities. A changing criterion design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The functional strengthening exercise consisted of lower extremity ergometer exercise and knee exercise with grading movement in standing position, each for 20 minutes, which lasted 18 sessions for 6 weeks. A knee extensor strength test on both extremities and standing balance test were conducted after each functional strengthening exercise. Two types of standing balance were tested: one leg stance test and functional reach test. One leg stance test was to evaluate static standing balance, and functional reach test was to evaluate dynamic standing balance. The results showed that the functional strengthening exercise had some positive effects on improvement of both static and dynamic standing balance, and there was a positive correlation between the knee strength and standing balance.