• Journal of Information Display
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2009

The results of the optimization of the organic passivation process for fabricating thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a high aperture ratio on a seventh-generation glass (2200${\times}$1870 mm) substrate for LCD-TV panels are reported herein. The optimization of the organic passivation process has been verified by checking various factors, including the material properties (e.g., thickness, stain, etching, thermal reflow) and the effects on the TFT operation (e.g., gate/data line delay and display-driving properties). The two main factors influencing the organic passivation process are the optimization of the final thickness of the organic passivation layer, and the gate electrode. In conclusion, the minimum possible final thickness was found to be $2.42{\um}m$ via simulation and pilot testing, using the full-factorial design. The optimization of the organic passivation layer was accomplished by improving its brightness by over 10 cd/$m^2$ (ca. 2% luminance) compared to that of the conventional organic passivation process. The results of this research also help reduce the reddish stain on display panels.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.330-335
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• 2012

Roll formed steel bolts are electrodeposited with Zn-Ni to protect themselves from corrosion. However, white storage stain or white rust(corrosion) is found on Zn-Ni electrodeposited surface of steel bolts when they are exposed to moisture. In this paper a new process is introduced to protect Zn-Ni electrodeposited steel bolt from white storage stain or white rust for a long time under the salt spray test and high humidity test conditions. The better corrosion resistance could be gotten by the additional process of Ni-P electroless deposition and heat treatment to conventional manufacturing method of Zn-Ni coated steel bolt. The corrosion resistance of Zn-Al powder slurry coated steel bolt showed better than that of Zn-Ni electrodeposited one.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-26
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• 1986

The synthetic conditions of $ ZrSiO_4-Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ stains from CdS, Se, $SiO_2$ , 4ZrO_2$ and Lif were investigated and the colors were examined. Colors of the stains prepared were yellow orange red pink ruby and violet in relation to both the content of CdS-Se in $ZrSiO_4$ and firing temperature. Colors of these series stains were thermally stabilized probably by the structural stability of zirconium silicate. Furthermore by the result of X-ray diffraction analysis it is assumed that color of the zircon cadmium sulphoselenide $ ZrSiO_4-Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ stain is developed by neither the coloring ions in $ZrSiO_4$ lattice nor the solid solution of $ZrSiO_4$ and $Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ but by the small crystals of $Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ being occluded by the zirconium silicate during sintering process.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.145.2-145.2
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• 2003

We have developed a silver staining method using a dye as a silver sensitizer. Dye staining is performed in combination with silver nitrate staining. Dye-silver staining shortens the time of silver staining (~1 hr) and improves the sensitivity better than that of silver diamine stain (1-10 ng) or comparable to that of silver nitrate stain with glutaraldehyde as a silver sensitizer. In dye staining (silver sensitizing step), it has been proven that the sensitivity is at least 4 times comparing with that of CBBR stain and staining time is about 45 min. (omitted)

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth brightening of whitening dentifrice and to determine the tooth stain level over 20 days depending on beverages that have various pH values after using whitening dentifrice. Thirty teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was provided with a whitening dentifrice for 3 minutes and group 2 was treated with a control dentifrice for 3 minutes thrice a day for four weeks. All teeth were photographed using a digital imaging system under a stereomicroscope (magnification, ${\times}10$). After four weeks, the ten teeth were immersed in the tea solution, another of ten teeth were immersed in the orange juice and the other of the teeth were immersed in the coffee solution. Three solutions were renewed each day for the appropriate groups. Stain development was monitored under a stereomicroscope daily over 20 days period by immersion of teeth in a tea, juice, coffee solution at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) in individual container. Whitening dentifrice gave a statistically higher value of overall color change as compared to control dentifrice after 21 days (p<0.05). Stain level of whiten tooth immersed in orange juice was the grestest overall color change, but there was not statistically significant difference (p>0.05). On the other hand, stain level of whiten tooth immersed in coffee and green tea showed a statistically significant difference after 15 days and 5 days, respectively (p<0.05). Tooth immersed in green tea was higher negative value than control dentifrice. The tooth using whitening dentifrice was shown to be effectively whiter color than control dentifrice. However, stain level by orange juice, coffee and green tea has a strong staining effect.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.40-46
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• 1986

Change of color of woods is a trouble frequently found in decorative wood products. In this paper, studies were carried out on discoloation sensitivities of wood specimens to iron (0.1%, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$), alkali (pH12.0, NaOH), acid (pH 1.0 $C_2H_2O_4$) and exposing to sunlight (40 hrs.). Four soft-woods and eleven hard-woods grown in Korea were used in this test. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In iron stain, strong discolored wood species were Larix leptolepis, Quercus mongolica. Zelkova serrata and Prunus yedoensis, and light discolored were Paulownia lomentosa and Pinus rigida. 2. In alkali stain. light discolored wood species were Abies holophylla, Kalopanax pictum, Populus ${\times}$ albaglandulosa, Acer mono, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Prunus yedoensis, Zelkova serrata, Populus euramericana, Pinus koraiensis and Paulownia tomentosa, but there was no wood species of strong discolored compared with the color difference values of other reports. 3. In acid stain, light discolored wood species were Pinus rigida, Paulownia tomentosa. Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Kalopanax piclum and Acer mone, but there was no strong discolored species compared with the color difference values of other reports. 4. In exposing to sunlight, strong discolored species were Larix leptolepis, Acer mono, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus euramericana, Pinus densijlora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Abies holophylla, Populus ${\times}$ albaglandulosa, Zelkova serrata, Prunus yedoensis and Pinus rigida, and light discolored was Alnus japonica. In general, it was shown that Korean wood species were susceptible to change of color by exposing to sunlight and iron stain compared with by alkali stain and acid stain.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.209-212
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• 1972

The effect of pyridoxine on the incisors were histochemically studied for the purpose of identifying the phosphoric acid. The microscopic observations were carried out by means of phosphoric acid reaction(Serraet Queiroz-Lopes method), mucoprotein reaction (Clara method), periodic acid-Schiff reaction (McManus method), methylen blue stain and hematoxylin-eosin stain. In the experimental result, it was found that phosphoric acid reactions of ameloblast, Tomes' process and preenamel were remarkably increased after pyridoxine administration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 1984

The surface smoothness of dental porelain after the use of various staining and glazing technique was examined by scanning electron microscopy. 1. Autogenous self-glazing technique produced a most rough surface. 2. The fixation of stain at $1,500^{\circ}F$ followed by thin slurry of glaze powder air fired to $1,800^{\circ}F$ produce the most smooth surface. 3. The technique thin sluny of glare powder followed by slurry of stain powder air fired to $1,800^{\circ}F$ produce the poor result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.268-276
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• 2004

As recent demands for cold rolling oil for steel, not only better lubricity, but cost reduction and improvement of work environment are increasingly required. In order to respond these demands, Nihon Parkerizing has developed rolling oils with completely new emulsification system. Comparing with conventional oils, the new system indicates better iron fine removability to maintain oil concentration, due to better iron fine dispersion, and superior mill stain resistance by spray stain test.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2003

Microsatellite instability (MSI), which is caused by a deficient mismatch repair system, is seen in most of the hereditary non-polyposis colon cancers (HNPCC) and a portion of sporadic colorectal cancers. Forty unselected colorectal cancer patients were analyzed for MSI using silver stain plus kit. The overall incidence of MSI in studied cases was 17％ (7/40). The incidence is similar result with previous study. MSI in colorectal carcers was more prevalent in moderative differentiated adenocarcinoma than well differentiated adenocarcinoma