• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.583-591
• /
• 2011

'Formosa' plums were picked at three maturity stages according to skin redness, treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP at $10^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and then stored for 21 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Ethylene production, respiration rate, firmness, color, TSS, TA, and ethanol concentration were determined. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity were determined periodically by separating the flesh from the peel. Ethylene production and respiration rate were strongly inhibited in all stages of the 1-MCP-treated fruit, while ethylene production dramatically increased in all stages of non-treated fruit until 11 days after harvest, after which it decreased until the end of the experiment. The respiration rate of the stored fruit increased for 11 days in stages 1 and 2 and for 7 days in stage 3 and decreased after. 1-MCP-treated fruit in all stages showed delay in fruit quality changes such as firmness, TA, skin color, and ethanol concentration, but non-treated fruit did not. Total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of 'Formosa' plums were not affected by 1-MCP treatment or maturity stage. However, those values were higher in the peel than in the flesh.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.455-475
• /
• 2016

Dynamic characteristics, named as natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes, affect the dynamic behavior of buildings and they vary depending on the construction stages. It is aimed to present the effects of construction stages on the dynamic characteristics of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings considering theoretical and experimental investigations. For this purpose, a three-storey RC building model with a 1/2 scale was constructed in the laboratory of Civil Engineering Department at Karadeniz Technical University. The modal testing measurements were performed by using Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) method for the bare frame, brick walled and coated cases of the building model. Randomly generated loads by impact hammer were used to vibrate the building model; the responses were measured by uni-axial seismic accelerometers as acceleration. The building's modal parameters at these construction stages were extracted from the processed signals using the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) technique. Also, the finite element models of each case were developed and modal analyses were performed. It was observed from the experimental and theoretical investigations that the natural frequencies of the building model varied depending on the construction stages considerably.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.841-849
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted on 342 patients(male 157, female 185)aged 8 to 15 years old, who visited Dankook University Dental Hospital. Pre-orthodontic treatment orthopantomograms were used to assess the dental calcification stages of mandibular 3rd molar, 2nd molar, 2nd premolar and 1st premolar by 8 stages.(by Demirjian) Hand-wrist radiogrms were used to evaluate the skeletal maturity in 11 stages.(by Fishman) Following results were obtained after investigating the correlationship between dental calcification and skeletal maturity 1. Chronologic age showed high correlation to dental calcification and skeletal maturity. 2. Dental calcification and skeletal maturity showed high correlation and no statistical difference was observed between male and female. 3. SMI stages 1 to 4 showed high statiscal significance to mandibular 2nd molar, 2nd premolar and 1st premolar. SMI stages 5 to 8 showed high stastical significance to mandibular 2nd molar, 2nd premolar. SMI stages 9 to 11 showed high statistical significance to mandibular 3rd molar.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.317-325
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study was to examine the differences in health belief variables and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) knowledge in Pap smears according to the stages of change using Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) among married nurses. Methods: The research design was a cross sectional survey. Participants were 387 married nurses working in general hospital located metropolitan city. Measurement variables were perceived threatening, perceived severity, benefits of Pap, HPV knowledge and stages of the change in Pap smear. Results: Classified stages were pre-contemplation 3.9%, contemplation 17.8%, relapsing 29.5%, action 31.0%, and maintenance 17.8%. Accuracy rate of HPV knowledge were low ranging from 15% to 45%. Among the variables, perceived threatening (F=3.56, p=.007), perceived severity (F=9.73, p<.001) and HPV knowledge (F=7.52, p<.001) were significantly different by stages of change. Conclusion: Application of TTM to Pap smears was efficient to know the nurse's level of health behaviors, Health belief variables and HPV knowledge were main factors to identify the stages of change. The continuation of Pap smears and the education in relation to HPV knowledge should be encouraged for married nurses.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 기술경영경제학회 1999년도 제15회 하계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.98-118
• /
• 1999

This study deals with the knowledge acquisition activities along the growth stages of Korean ventures. This issue is very important in the three reasons. First, the target of the study-new ventures- is a pending issue and can be regarded as the engine of innovation in the Korean economy. Second, venture activities is so dynamic compared to those of the established companies and the study reflects its dynamic features. Third, the knowledge is becoming more important one among various resources, and knowledge management can be a timely issue. The main research questions are as follows : - How does the degree of knowledge domain, vary along the growth stages\ulcorner - Which knowledge domains are more influential on the performance along growth stages\ulcorner Major findings of the study are as follow: First, technological knowledge acquisition effort are most intensive at the start-up stage, while the management knowledge efforts are active at the growth stage. The degree of market knowledge acquisition efforts is almost the same along the stages. Second, the important knowledge domain, which influences on the performance, varies along the stages. The acquisition effort for product technology knowledge is more influential on the sales growth rate and has a negative effect on the return on assets at the start-up stage, while the management knowledge about administration is more influential on the return on assets at the growth stage. Finally the academic contributions and managerial implications of the study are presented and the future research directions are also suggested.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 1988

A field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the seasonal changes of leaf growth and related characteristics in three cultivars of orchardgrass; Potomac, Kay and Sumas. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Leaf elongation was increased in a nearly linear phase during first and third cutting stages. It was increased slowly in early 10 days to 15 days after cutting and increased rapidly thereafter during the rest cutting stages. In cultivars, Potomac was showed hlgher leaf elongation than other cultivars during all cutting stages. There was no difference of leaf width within cutting stages, but the leaf width of fall regrowth was narrow. Sumas had relatively short and wide leaves. 2. Leaf dry weight and leaf area in first cutting stage were larger than others. Leaf area was increased rapidly from 15 days after cutting and leaf $we$ was increased rapidly from 20 days over all cutting stages. The increase in leaf area and dry weight were slow down after 30 days. 3. Number of epidermal cells was increased rapidly after cutting and the rate of increase was slow down after 30 days. In a cross section of leaf tissue, the part of mesophyll was occupied with about 60% of total area and larger area than other tissues. Leaf tissue had a large vacancy at early growth period after harvest and was filled gradually with mesophyll. This result was related to the increase of leaf dry matter.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1989

This documentary study explored the stages of human development and education in the Choson Dynasty with the use of "Non Eu, Ye Gi, So Hak, Tae Gyo Sin Gi, and Dong Yi Bo Gam. The findings were compared with Western writings of a comparable period. It was found that education in the Choson Dynasty was largely concerned with mental attitude and conduct in ordinary life (education for manners and living). Education claimed to stand for unity of knowledge and behavior. It was founded on a Confucian view of education with a saint as the ideal model to be emulated. In the early years, home influence was emphasized. This was later replaced by institutional education. Additional education frequently extended to ten years and even forty or more years for the development of leaders. Based on the above findings. It was concluded that (1) the Western stages of human development exemplified by the Puritans and by Rousseau were concerned only with progressive changes from the postnatal stage to adolescence but the stages or the Choson Dynasty applied to the entire life span, from prenatal life through old age: (2) the developmental stages of males and females were defined differently as a result of differences in educational contents and sex-role distinctions: (3) life span educational objectives were Confucian and the preparatory stages were long coming to fruition in late senescence: and (4) although education was centered on manners and based on Confucianism, much of human development in the Choson Dynasty corresponds to that of modern times.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.431-440
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe stage distribution of current and former smokers and to analyze significant variables that used by adolescents at each stage using the Transtheoretical Model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 145 students attended to five high schools in one rural area. The survey instruments included stages and processes of change. decisional balance, self-efficacy, and knowledge related to smoking. Results: Among the participants, 47.6% were in the precontemplation and contemplation stages, 20.7% were in the preparation stage, and the other 31.7% were in the action and maintenance stages. Analysis of variance tests revealed that behavioral processes, pros and cons of smoking, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with the stages of smoking cessation, while among 10 processes of change, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, and reinforcement management were significantly different by the stages. Conclusions: The study results suggest that smoking cessation programs should emphasize behavioral strategies, self-efficacy, and decisional balance to help students adopt and maintain smoking cessation.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of waterlogging duration on the growth characteristics and productivity of forage corn at different growth stages under paddy field conditions. Treatments consisted of waterlogging at two growth stages (V7 or V14) for four waterlogging durations (no waterlogging, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours, respectively). The V14 growth stage was more vulnerable to waterlogging than the V7 stage. Among the waterlogging durations, the lodging score increased at 48 hours. The stem height of forage corn decreased with the increase in waterlogging duration at the different growth stages (V7 and V14). Increase in waterlogging duration reduced the stem dry matter yield, ear dry matter yield, and total dry matter yield at both growing stages (V7 and V14). The waterlogging treatments at the V14 stage affected ear dry matter yield more than those at the V7 growing stage. Thus, the management of forage corn under paddy field conditions must be strengthened during early (V7) and grain fill stages (V14). When waterlogging occurs, surface and subsurface drainage should be implemented within 48 hours to control (no waterlogging) the groundwater level and, thus, minimize economic losses due to forage corn damage.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.656-663
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the nutritional content of the life stages of Tenebrio molitor. Methods: Nutritional element analysis comprised 12 minerals, 18 amino acids, 4 vitamins, and 12 fatty acids in larval, pupal, and adult stages. Nutritional element content was expressed as a percentage of 100 g of sample and determined in raw and freeze-dried samples to assess the food value of the insect. Results: Moisture, crude protein, and crude fat contents in raw samples were 63.5%, 23.19%, and 3.96%, respectively. Moisture content was significantly higher in the adult stage than in larval and pupal stages, whereas crude fat and crude ash contents were lower. Mineral composition of the mealworm showed K, P, and Mg in decreasing order of content, with no differences among life stages. Total amino acid content increased from adult, pupal to larval stages, in order with each stage's growth, without difference in amino acid composition. Seventy-six to 78% of total fatty acid corresponded to unsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid as the most abundant. In addition, fatty acid content was high in the adult stage, and clear differences were observed between life stages. Finally, vitamins B1 and B3 showed similar content between life stages, whereas vitamin B2 showed a higher content the adult than larval and pupal stages. A higher folate content was observed in pupal and adult stages than in the larval stage. Although freeze-dried samples showed a higher nutritional content than raw samples, both samples were similar in composition and content between life stages, suggesting the suitability of freeze-dried samples for use as food materials. Conclusion: These results may provide a basis for more diversified industrial applications of the Tenebrio molitor.