• 제목/요약/키워드: stage of rice culture

검색결과 114건 처리시간 0.021초

Feeding activity of cattle egrets and intermediate egrets at different stages of rice culture in Korea

  • Choi, Yu-Seong;Kim, Sun-Sook;Yoo, Jeong-Chil
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate the feeding efficiency of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and the intermediate egret (Ardea intermedia) in relation to the stage of rice culture during two breeding seasons, 2006 and 2007, in Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Cattle egrets caught mainly small invertebrate prey (insects and spiders, 98.4%) during all stages of rice cultivation, and had a higher prey capture rate in the plowing stage (14.98 prey/min) than in other stages (2.82-3.51 prey/min). Therefore, the biomass intake rate of cattle egrets was highest in the plowing stage. The intermediate egret captured both loaches (43.4%) and small invertebrates (50.6%). The prey capture rates of intermediate egrets increased gradually from the flooding stage (0.38 prey/min) to the planting stage (1.09 prey/min), and decreased in the growing stage (1.04 prey/min). However, intermediate egrets had the highest biomass intake rates in the plowing stage because more loaches were caught in the plowing stage (0.54 loaches/min) than other stages (0.23-0.36 loaches/min). Consequently, both intermediate egrets and cattle egrets had high energy intakes in the plowing stage and rice fields provided an important feeding habitat for both species.

Composition of Culture Medium and Culture Conditions for In vitro Culture of Rice Panicle

  • Lee, Jin-Ho;Lee, Ho-Jin
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.32-37
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    • 2000
  • The in vitro culture of rice panicles is a culturing technique only panicle without other organs in culture solution containing organic substance, so that would be useful to study how assimilate supply affects grain development and maturation. To find the optimum stage for in vitro culture, rice panicles grown in greenhouse were sampled periodically after anthesis and cultured in nutrient medium. The panicles older than 1 weeks after anthesis had produced normal grains. Grain-filling was apparently dependent upon sucrose concentration (8-12 %) in medium, but not affected by nitrogen concentration supplied with glutamine. As far as rice panicle was supplied with sucrose and N in nutrient medium, grains continued accumulation of dry matter and maturation regardless to light condition. Considerably, grain-filling was improved when panicles were positioned horizontally inside flask, so that each grain was partially submerged to nutrient medium.

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벼의 종자배양에서 배의 성숙정도와 Celrie 농도가 캘러스 형성 및 식물체 재분화에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Embryo Development Stage and Gelrite Concentration on Plant Regeneration in Seed Culture of Rice)

  • 권용삼;김경민;김도훈;손재근
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.311-315
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    • 2001
  • To identify the effects embryo developmental stage and gelrite concentration on plant regeneration in seed culture of rice, mature and immature seeds of rice were cultured on the $N_{6}$ medium supplemented with2 mg/$\ell$ 2.4-D and different levels of gelrite(0.2~1.0%). The calli formed immature embryos were produced more plants than those from mature embryos. The maximum frequency of plant regeneration was achieved in the culture of the calli of immature embryos which was harvested at the 21$^{th}$ day after pollination. The plant regeneration on the medium with gelrite was more accelerate than that on the medium with agar. The highest frequency(55%) of plant regeneration was obtained from the calli transferred to the medium with 6g/$\ell$ gelrite.

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Microspore Division and Plant Regeneration from Shed Pollen Culture in Rice

  • Kim, Hyun-Soon;Kang, Hyeon-Jung;Lee, Young-Tae;Lee, Seung-Yeob;Nam, Jeong-Kwon;Kim, Tae-Soo;Rha, Eui-Shik;Jin, Il-Doo
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2002
  • An efficient system of rice microspore culture could contribute to the production of genetically modified rice. The microspores were isolated by mechanical or shed methods. The number of microspores per 100 anthers isolated at uninucleate stage was higher than (or similar to) those at binucleate stage in isolation method with pestle or spatular, but microspore divisions were not easily observed on both stages. On the other hand, pollen division in shed pollen culture was observed more frequently at uninuclear than at binuclear stage. Cold pretreatment at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 days resulted in the best multicellular division to produce microcalli at 12.5% efficiency in shed microspores. Heat shock at 33$^{\circ}C$ for one hour before or after pollen shedding enhanced cell division and callus formation. Out of twelve green regenerants, two were haploids and ten were diploids based on the chromosome analysis of root tips. The size of stoma was 12$^{m}$ m in haploids and 15 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diploids determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Effects of Soil Moisture Stress at Different Growth Stage on Growth, Yield and Quality in Rice

  • Park, Hong-Kyu;Choi, Weon-Young;Kang, Si-Yong;Kim, Young-Doo;Choi, Won-Yul
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.143-148
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    • 1999
  • Soil moisture condition is an important limiting factor in growth and yield in rice culture. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence on the growth, yield and Quality of rice subjected to soil moisture stress (SMS) at different growth stages. Ajaponica rice cultivar, Dongjinbyeo, was cultured under flooded conditions in a plastic container filled with silty loam soil. The container was subjected to SMS until the initial wilting point (IWP) coincided with about 10% in soil moisture content and about-200 kPa in soil matric potential, and was then irrigated again, at 6 and 5 of main growth stage in 1996 and 1997, respectively. At maturity, the plant height, tiller number, leaf area and top dry weight were decreased more in SMS treatments at the early stage than the late stage. The averaged yield index of SMS to control in both years was lowest at meiosis (62.5%), which primarily resulted from lower percent ripened grain and 1,000 grain weight, and second' reduced the spikelet number per panicle and panicle number per hill, and followed at tillering stage (68.5%) which resulted from the lower production in tiller number and top dry matter during and after SMS treatment. The percent-age of read rice in SMS plants varied with the treatment stage as order of lower at meiosis (44.0%), heading (53.9%), panicle initiation (70.1%), tillering (72.1%), ripening (75.8%) and 5 days after transplanting (DAT) (79.0%). Protein content in brown rice was slightly larger in SMS at late growth stage than the control, while the contents of fat and ash differed very little between SMS and control. Contents of Mg and K and Mg/K in brown rice with SMS were lower at some treatment stages such as at ripening or panicle initiation.

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호남평야지에서 벼 건답직파 조기파종재배에 알맞은 질소 분시방법 (Reasonable Split Application Method of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Early Dry Seeding Culture of Rice in Honam Plain Area)

  • 김상수;최원영;백남현;최민규;박홍규
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.460-464
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    • 2007
  • 호남평야지에서 건답직파 조기파종재배에 알맞은 질소 분시방법을 구명하고자 '97~'98년에 호남농업시험장 수도포장인 전북통(미사질양토)에서 동진벼를 공시하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 질소분시방법간 토양 중 암모니아태 질소 함량을 보면 5엽기에는 관행(T1, 기비시용)보다 추비중점시비(T2, T3)에서 많았고 그 이후는 점차 줄어들어 출수기에는 질소 분시방법간에 차이가 적었다. 엽면적 및 지상부 건물중은 생육초기에는 차이가 없었으나 최고분얼기 이후에는 3엽기:7엽기:수비=40:30:30%로 분시 한 처리에서 가장 많았다. 질소 흡수량과 질소 이용율은 관행 분시방법보다 추비중점시비에서 높았는데, 2차 추비시기 간에는 5엽기보다 7엽기에 시비한 처리에서 높았다. 수량구성요소 중 등숙비율과 현미천립중은 질소 분시방법간에 별 차이가 없었으나 $m^2$당 수수는 T3 > T2 > T1 순으로 많아, 쌀 수량은 관행에 비하여 3엽기:5엽기:수비=40:30:30%로 분시한 처리에서 3%, 3엽기:7엽기:수비=40:30:30%로 분시한 처리에서 6% 증수되었다. 따라서 벼 건답직파 조기파종재배에 알맞은 질소분시방법은 3엽기:7엽기:수비로 각각 40:30:30%로 분시하는 것이 적당한 것으로 판단되었다.

시설채소의 수경재배방법별 소비수량과 생육에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Water Consumption and Growth of Vegetables Cultivated by Hydroponics in' the Green House)

  • 김시원;이경희;김유현;김선주;임창영
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.31-44
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    • 1989
  • In the vinyl house cultivation, the water consumption, evapotnanspirafion ratio, growth condifion by the growing stages and yields of tomato and cucumber were investigated when they cultivated by nutriculture, rice hull charcoal culture and NFF culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean air temperature in the vinyl house during the experimental perica j was 1.9$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor air temperature, the rrnocirnum and minimum air temperature in the vinyl house was 4.6C and 1.7$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor temperature, respectively, and the mean daily evaporation in the vinyl house during the experimental period was 4.3rnm that is 02rnrn more than the outdoor evaporation 2. In the tomato cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best among the three methods, and the growth of NFT culture and nutriculture were worse than the soil cultivation which is standard, and among the nutriculture, the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the best. 3. In the cucumber cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best, and while the growth condition of NFT culture was worse than the standard soil cultivation, the growth of nutriculture was better than the standard soil cultivation, and the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest among the different treatments in the nutriculture. 4. In the tomato cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture plot was 1107.5rnm which is the highest amount among the three methods, and in the nutriculture, the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 22lAmm which is the highest among the three different treatments. 5. In the cucumber cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture was 11762rnm which is the highest, and the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 284.9rnm which is more than the 278.9mm of EC 1.Smmho plot and 262.9mm of EC 1.7rnmho plot. 6. The crop coefficient(Kc) of tomato was 0.82 in NFT culture, 4.67 in rice hull charcoar culture and 0.86~0.91 in nutriculture. 7. The crop coefficient(Kc) of cucumber was higher than tomato as 1.13 in NFT culture, 520 in rice hull charcoal culture and 1.08~1.19 in nutriculture. 8. The evapotranspiration ratio in the mid and late season were higher than the beginning and elongation stage, and the average evaportranspiration ratio of tomato and cucumber was 3.81 and 424, respectively, in the rice hull charcoal culture plot. 9. In the tomato cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice bull charcoal culture was 1443.Og which is the highest, and in the nutriculture, their yields were worse because of the damage of downy nidew disease. 10. In the cucumber cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice hull charcoal culture was 1965.7g which is the highest, and while the yield of NFT culture was ahout 25% lower than the stadard soil cultivation, the yield of nutriculture was higher than the standard soil cultivation, and among the treatments in the nutriculture, the yield of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest.

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Effects of CaMSRB2-Expressing Transgenic Rice Cultivation on Soil Microbial Communities

  • Sohn, Soo-In;Oh, Young-Ju;Kim, Byung-Yong;Cho, Hyun-Suk
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권7호
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    • pp.1303-1310
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    • 2016
  • Although many studies on the effects of genetically modified (GM) crops on soil microorganisms have been carried out over the past decades, they have provided contradictory information, even for the same GM crop, owing to the diversity of the soil environments in which they were conducted. This inconsistency in results suggests that the effects of GM crops on soil microorganisms should be considered from many aspects. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GM drought-tolerant rice MSRB2-Bar-8, which expresses the CaMSRB2 gene, on soil microorganisms based on the culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. To this end, rhizosphere soils of GM and non-GM (IM) rice were analyzed for soil chemistry, population densities of soil microorganisms, and microbial community structure (using pyrosequencing technology) at three growth stages (seedling, tillering, and maturity). There was no significant difference in the soil chemistry between GM and non-GM rice. The microbial densities of the GM soils were found to be within the range of those of the non-GM rice. In the pyrosequencing analyses, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were dominant at the seedling stage, while Chloroflexi showed dominance over Proteobacteria at the maturity stage in both the GM and non-GM soils. An UPGMA dendrogram showed that the soil microbial communities were clustered by growth stage. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that the effects of MSRB2-Bar-8 cultivation on soil microorganisms are not significant.

수도 유묘생장에 미치는 정수장슬러지 처리효과 (Effect of Water Treatment Sludge on Growth of Rice Seedling)

  • 이인복;임재신;장기운
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.382-385
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    • 2006
  • 정수장슬러지의 수도육묘용 상토로서의 사용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 정수장슬러지와 모래의 비율을 달리하는 상토들을 조제 후 시판용 상토를 대조로 수도유묘의 생육 및 무기성분흡수 특성을 조사하였다. 정수장슬러지 이용 상토는 시판용 상토에 비해 수도유묘 지상부의 신장 및 생중량이 다소 부진하고 인의 흡수량이 낮았던 반면, 지하부의 신장 및 생중량은 현저한 증가를 보여 정수장슬러지가 수도유묘의 뿌리발달에 탁월하고 뿌리의 매트형성이 우수하였다. 따라서 비록 정수장슬러지 이용 상토가 시판용 상토에 비해 수도유묘의 지상부 생장이 부진하고 인의 흡수가 다소 낮다 할지라도, 상토의 필수 조건인 뿌리의 매트형성이 탁월하고 단간의 지상부가 직립으로 매우 건실하며, 높은 pH에도 불구하고 입고병과 같은 병 발생이 없어 수도육묘용 상토로 이용 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 정수장슬러지 첨가에 따른 이러한 수도육묘의 뿌리생장 증가 효과는 정수장슬러지와 모래를 50:50 비율로 혼합한 상토에서 가장 우수하였다.

벼 건답직파재배에서 물관리와 볏짚 및 퇴비가 메탄배출에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Water Management Rice Straw and Compost on Methane Emission in Dry Seeded Rice)

  • 고지연;강항원;박경배
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.212-217
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    • 1996
  • 건답직파 재배시 물관리 및 유기물원별 볏짚의 시용시기를 달리하여 메탄배출량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 건답직파재배시 논토양에서 발생하는 메탄가스의 배출양상은 3엽기 이전까지는 마이너스 배출치를 나타내다가 생육의 진전과 기온의 상승에 따라 계속 증가하여 출수기에 최대Peak를 나타내었다. 2. 유기물원별 메탄가스의 배출량은 볏짚 시용구에서 가장 많았으며 퇴비시용은 NPK시용에 비해 크게 증가하지 않았다. 또한 볏짚 시용시기별로는 파종 한달전 시용함이 파종직전 처리에 비해 약40%의 메탄배출저감효과를 보았다. 3. 물관리별로는 간단관개가 상시담수에 비해 약19% 저감되었다.

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