• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2007

Purpose: Blow-out fracture is one of the most common fractures in facial trauma. It is diagnosed by Computed Tomography(CT) scan, which is considered as the most effective diagnostic tool. Since, the Picture Archiving Communication System(PACS) has been provided recently to many hospitals, doctors are more familiar with imaging software of PACS. Because this software has many useful measuring tools, doctors can measure orbital structure easily and make a plan for treatment with its data. Therefore, authors intended to analyze the data of orbital structure measured with PACS imaging software and evaluate its usefulness. Methods: The charts and CT images of 100 patients, which were 50 patients with medial wall fracture and 50 patients with floor fracture, were reviewed. Patients were selected by pre-determined criteria and their CT images were measured with image software of PACS. 'Extraocular muscle thickness', 'Defect ratio'(ratio of defect area to normal area) and 'Globe position index' were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The thickness of inferior rectus muscle and medial rectus muscle was simultaneously increased in acute-stage of blow-out fracture. The medial rectus muscle was more thickened in medial wall fracture and inferior rectus was more thickened in floor fracture, respectively. In acute blow-out fracture, globe position is exophthalmic rather than enophthalmic. Especially in floor fracture, numerical value summed up thickness of all extraocular muscle is correlated to the defect ratio and globe position index. Conclusion: Clinicians can decide globe position or presume defect ratio in inferior wall fracture by measurement of CT image in acute blow-out fracture using PACS.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2005

Targeting a film that is the medium of having powerful influence upon the masses, the present study examined about a role and characteristics in the movie costume, and a role of costume designers, which are shown in process of being changed the film costume. There are many designers who were in charge of the film costume, but the present study examined centering on designers who participated aiming to create the image of a character from the stage of manufacturing a movie. It presented and analyzed visual materials by dividing four genres such as a historical drama movie, a horror movie, a fantasy movie, and a modern-play movie, and by selecting a typical work. A Historical drama movie needs to be investigated costume by the historical background in a movie, but inside it was shown clothes that were elaborately reproduced and newly created. A horror movie plays a role of medium that reflects the human society and the internal mentality of a human being along with the attribute of entertainment. As a genre that requires much costume, make-up and special effect aiming at dramatic effect, a role of film costume possesses great weight. As a fantasy movie is a field based on 'fiction' of a writer who creates a work, it is a field that requires creativity of a costume designer most. As a modern-play movie is what reproduces reality, it best reflects the phases of that time, and is the field that is influenced by costume or fashion trend. Costume needs to be designed in a bid to allow spectators to be inspired the wholly united and harmonious mood with leading a story of a movie, and the individual image.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.123-147
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• 2014

The purpose of this essay is three-fold: to trace the genealogy of the Korean musical, which ever since its inception in the 1960s has been seeking to modernize Korean theater with Broadway as a constant role model; to investigate how the national and the global conflict and are conflated in the form of the Korean musical in the process of its (dis)identification with Broadway; and to examine how its intercultural translations reveal and reflect the dilemma and ambivalence posed by globalization in our era. Drawing on Richard Dyer's signature article Entertainment and Utopia, I analyze how the Korean musical manifests and conduits competing utopian impulses of Korean/Global audiences. I also attempt to problematize the formulaic notion of Broadway musicalsthe Superior Other!which implies a global hegemony that does not, in fact, exist because the boundary between the global and the local as well as the power dynamics of global culture are not fixed but constantly moving and changing. Today's musical scene in Korea shows interesting reversals from the 1990s, when Korean producers were eager to debut on Broadway and impress American audiences. Korean producers no longer look up to Broadway as a final destination; instead they want to make Seoul a new Broadway. They import Broadway musicals and turn them into Korean shows. The glamor of Broadway is no longer the main attraction of musicals in Korea. What young audiences look for most is the glamor of K-pop idols and utopian feelings of abundance, energy, intensity, transparency and community, which they can experience live in the musical with their favorite stars right in front of their eyes. In conclusion, I delve into the complex dynamics of recent Korean musicals with Thomas Friedman's theory of Globalization 3.0 as reference. The binary formula of Global/America versus Local/Korea cannot be applied to the dynamic and intercultural musical scene of today. Globalization is not a uniform phenomenon but rather a twofold (multifold) process of global domination and dissemination, in which the global and the local conflict and are conflated constantly. As this study tries to illuminate, the Korean musical has evolved in a huge net of interdependences between the global and the local with a range of sources, powers and influences.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2277-2298
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• 2019

Adaptive learning in e-learning has garnered researchers' interest. In it, learning resources could be recommended automatically to achieve a personalized learning experience. There are various ways to realize it. One of the realistic ways is adaptive learning path recommendation, in which learning resources are provided according to learners' requirements. This paper summarizes existing works and proposes an innovative approach. Firstly, a learner-centred concept map is created using graph theory based on the features of the learners and concepts. Then, the approach generates a linear concept sequence from the concept map using the proposed traversal algorithm. Finally, Learning Objects (LOs), which are the smallest concrete units that make up a learning path, are organized based on the concept sequences. In order to realize this step, we model it as a multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem, and an improved immune algorithm (IIA) is proposed to solve it. In the experimental stage, a series of simulated experiments are conducted on nine datasets with different levels of complexity. The results show that the proposed algorithm increases the computational efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, an empirical study is carried out to validate the proposed approach from a pedagogical view. Compared with a self-selection based approach and the other evolutionary algorithm based approaches, the proposed approach produces better outcomes in terms of learners' homework, final exam grades and satisfaction.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

This study sees the past, present and future of the international carbon market. It is expected that it is not until 2020 and beyond before the international carbon market is settled by international consensus, and it is too early to picture the international carbon market at this point. Instead, this study focuses on analyzing the content of Article 6 of the Paris Convention, being fully aware of the uncertainties surrounding the international carbon market and can only be a step in determining the future of the international carbon market. In the future, the international negotiations will be under fierce competition of countries, each of which aims to make their advantageous system or mechanism recognized internationally Therefore, it is necessary for Korea to devise a system that can maximize the national interest and try to be recognized in the international society. To accomplish this, the following tasks are required at the present stage. First, we need to include the basic directions for the reduction using the international carbon market in the preparation of the roadmap for GHG reduction in Korea. Based on the directions presented in the roadmap for reducing GHG emissions, Korea should set up a government-wide plan on the international carbon market. In addition, a long-term TF should be formed to enact such plans in the international community. The international carbon market is an issue that several professional fields overlap, and it is indeed difficult to pursue by a single ministry. Therefore, it is necessary to create and strengthen the TF that can cope immediately with the international movement.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

This study aimed to find and suggest the purpose of future plans, critical items on designing and Related standards to amend construction standards for domestic energy saving and environmentally friendly housings. It would also activate and increase the supplies of passive house minimizing the problems on current apartment housings in winter and reducing heating energy which brings fine dust pollution. After defining the standard model of Korean apartment housings(reference model), this study calculated the amount of heating energy demand per unit area annually as applying the yearly changed standards from 2008 to 2017 to existing standard model. It turned out that applying 2017 construction standards of energy saving and eco-friendly housings to reference model has saved up to 75% of heating energy demand comparing to the one applied 2008's. However, it still could not solve the fundamental problems such as winter fungus, condensation, freezing, freeze and burst, and insulation weakness space, and could not be free from fine dust particles. To solve them, this study suggested improved standards adding critical items on design related to outside insulation, cut off the heat-bridge, enforce air-tightness and heat change efficiency on heat recovery ventilator. As a result, it has reduced more than 10% of heat demand from 2017. It would be more than 90% of savings from 2008 if we make the amount of heat loss be zero on heat bridge on designing stage in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2023

Background: The recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients who have already undergone treatment with antiarrhythmic medication, catheter ablation, and the insertion of implantable cardioverter defibrillators is not uncommon. Recent studies have shown that bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) effectively treats VAs. However, only a limited number of studies have confirmed the safety of BCSD as a viable therapeutic option for VAs. Methods: This single-center study included 10 patients, who had a median age of 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 45-65 years) and a median ejection fraction of 58.5% (IQR, 56.2%-60.8%), with VAs who underwent video-assisted BCSD. BCSD was executed as a single-stage surgery for 8 patients, while the remaining 2 patients initially underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation followed by right cardiac sympathetic denervation. We evaluated postoperative complications, the duration of hospital stays, and VA-related symptoms before and after surgery. Results: The median hospital stay after surgery was 2 days (IQR, 2-3 days). The median surgical time for BCSD was 113 minutes (IQR, 104-126 minutes). No significant complications occurred during hospitalization or after discharge. During the median follow-up period of 13.5 months (IQR, 10.5-28.0 months) from surgery, no VA-related symptoms were observed in 70% of patients. Conclusion: The benefits of a short postoperative hospitalization and negligible complications make BCSD a safe, alternative therapeutic option for patients suffering from refractory VAs.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2007

본 연구는 산업구조가 지식정보산업 주도로 재편되며 적정성장 기간(Time-to-market growth)이 중요한 이슈로 부상한 상태에서 창업초기단계의 적정성장을 도모해 줄 효과적인 기업지원 구축방안을 제시하는데 그 목표가 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 기존 지식정보 산업 단지 중심으로 도출된 클러스터의 핵심성공 요인을 분석하여 이로부터 이상적인 성장지원 클러스터를 도출 한 후, 이를 토대로 초기성장단계 기업에 대한 성장지원이 이루어져야 하는 다양한 시사점을 도출하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 클러스터 내 기관 및 기업 또는 클러스터에 연관되어져 있는 각 요인들이 속하여져 있는 네트워크망에 대한 고찰을 통하여 이상적인 네트워크망을 제시 하는데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 크게 세 가지 분석을 실시하였다. 사례조사를 통해 산업 클러스터의 성공요인 및 기업의 성장지원 클러스터 핵심성공요인을 도출하였고, 이를 네트워크 분석(Network Analysis)에 적용하기 위해 연결망 구조 분석에 접목하였다. 또한 클러스터의 핵심성공요인 분석을 토대로 도출된 기업의 성장지원망을 사회구조 행렬(Social Fabric Matrix)을 이용하여 계량화 한 후 연결망의 특성 분석을 실시하였다. 특히 본 연구는 각 기업의 성장지원기관들 간에 이루어진 연결망을 기준으로 Centrality Test를 실시하여 핵심지원체 인식을 위한 Core 분석을 실시하였다. 이로서 산업클러스터의 구조와 핵심성공요인 분석을 토대로 구축된 이상적인 기업지원 연결망간의 구조비교분석을 실시하여 기존 산업클러스터에 대한 연결망 개선 시사점을 제시하여 클러스터 내 네트워크 분석을 위한 자원의 활용과 네트워크 전략을 수립하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2001

To develop the low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi, kimchi was prepared according to the recipe of a specific ratio of major and minor ingredients and adjusted its salinity to 3.7%. Prepared kimchi fermented at $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and transferred and fermented in a refrigerator only used to make low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi at $-1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 weeks. During 30 weeks of fermentation the changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties of low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi were studied. The initial pH of 6.47 decrease gradually and dropped to pH 4.0 after 14 weeks of fermentation, and then it maintained at same level. Acidity increased to 0.49% on 2 weeks of fermentation and kept at 0.47 $\sim$0.50% during 2 to 30 weeks fermentation. Salinity was slightly increased at early stage and started to decrease on 4 weeks of fermentation, and then it did not change. The change of reducing sugar content was closely related to the trend of pH change with a very high correlation coefficient(r =0.912). Lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and acetic acid were major organic acids contained in low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi. Vitamin C content decreased at initial stage of fermentation and then slightly increased up to the maximum of 22.3 mg% on 8weeks of fermentation. In color measurement, L value continued to increase during the fermentation and reached at the highest of 55.45 on 22 weeks of fermentation, and a and b values of 3.62 and 4.54 also increased to 31.26 and 37.32 on 30 weeks of fermentation, respectively. Total microbial count increased slowly from beginning and was the highest on 4 weeks of fermentation, and then began to decrease slowly. Count of Lactobacillus spp. was highest after 6weeks, but count of Lactobacillus spp. was highest on 2 weeks of fermentation, and then both showed a slow decrease. Yeast count wasn't increased until 4 weeks of fermentation and then increased rapidly to get the highest on 10 weeks of fermentation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 1994

훈건멸치 분말수프의 제품화에 필용한 가공조건을 구명하고, 시제품의 정미성분 및 품질 등에 대하여 실험 하였다. 원료멸치를 수세한 후 $5{\sim}6%$의 식염 및 1.0%의 에리소르빈산나트륨을 첨가한 자숙수 중에서 5분간 자숙하였고, 자숙이 끝난 멸치는 물빼기를 한 후 훈연실로 옮겨 $40^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 훈건 후 점차 온도를 올려 $80^{\circ}C$에서 8시간 동안 훈건하였다. 이를 분쇄기로써 분쇄한 후 50mesh의 체를 통과시켜 얻은 분말을 PET/Al/CPP 적층필름주머니에 충전 포장하여 제품으로 하였다. 제품의 수분함량은 9.4%, 조지방 9.6%, 조회분은 15.8%이었고, 산도는 23.0ml, 염도는 6.9%, 휘발성염기질소함량은 31.2mg/100g 이었다. 제품의 가공 중 지질성분의 변화를 측정한 결과, 항산화제로 첨가한 에리소르빈산 나트륨 및 훈건처리 중 부착된 고비점페놀류의 항산화 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 제품 가공 중 고도불포화지방산의 분해가 거의 일어나지 않았음을 확인하였다. 제품의 가장 중요한 정미성분인 IMP의 함량은 건물량으로 466.5mg/100g이었고, 제품의 유리아미노산 총량은 1179.2mg/100g으로 주요 아미노산은 histidine, taurine, proline, lysine, alanine, glutamic acid 등이었다. 유기산으로는 lactic acid가 591.4mg/100g으로 대부분을 차지하고 있었고, TMAO는 21.3mg/100g 함유되어 있었다. Creatinine 및 betaine 함량은 595.9mg/100g, 57.2mg/100g 이었다.