• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical outcomes from cervical cancer and stratify patients into risk groups for prognostic factors for early-stage disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with stage IB or IIA cervical cancer treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) following primary surgery at Samsung Medical Center from 2001 to 2011. Adjuvant RT was added for patients with intermediate-risk factors, and adjuvant CCRT was performed on high-risk patients after surgery. Results: We reviewed 247 patients-149 in the high-risk group and 98 in intermediate-risk group. The median follow-up was 62 months. Loco-regional failure (LRF) alone occurred in 7 patients (2.8%), distant metastasis alone in 37 patients (15.0%) and LRF with DM in 4 patients (1.6%). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for both groups were 79.7% and 87.6%, respectively. In the high-risk group, the 5-year DFS and OS probabilities were 72.5% and 81.9%, respectively. Histologic type, pathologic tumor size, and the number of pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis were significant prognostic factors for DFS and OS. We suggest a scoring system (0-3) using these prognostic factors to predict poor prognosis in high-risk patients. Using this system, patients with higher scores have higher recurrence and lower survival rates. Conclusion: In the high-risk cervical-cancer group who received primary surgery and adjuvant CCRT, non-squamous type, large tumor size and the number of PLN metastasis were significant prognostic factors, and the number of these factors was associated with survival rates.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2017

The role of nodal station No. 14v (along the superior mesenteric vein) in lymphadenectomy for distal gastric cancer remains elusive. A 73-year-old woman underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer, and was referred to our division for additional surgery because of pathologically non-curative resection. A laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1+ dissection was performed, with a final diagnosis of pT1bN1M0, Stage IB (2 nodal metastases to No. 6). Four months post-surgery, abdominal computed tomography revealed a 14-mm solitary nodule along the superior mesenteric vein. The lesion was excised and pathologically identified as a lymph node metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium (S-1) was administered for the metastasis. Presently the patient survives without recurrence, 5.5 years after the second operation. Our findings suggest that there is lymphatic flow from the No. 6 to the No. 14v nodal station. Some patients with a No. 6 metastasis may benefit from a No. 14v lymphadenectomy, even in early-staged disease.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.166-177
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• 1991

1986년 4월부터 1991년 3월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 자궁 경부암으로 확진되어 수술후 방사선치료를 시행한 22명의 환자에서 방사선 선량 분포에 따른 치료성적은 다음과 같다. 1. 22명중 3명(13.6%)에서 골반이나 복부에 재발이 생겼으며 임상적 병기가 진행될수록, 외부조사선량이 적을수록 재발이 많았다. 2. 골반내 임파선 전이와 임파혈관 침범인 경우에 재발이 되었다. 3. 강내조사 선량이나 수술방법은 재발과 무관하였다. 4. 중대한 합병중은 임상적 병기가 앞설수록 외부조사 선량이나, 총조사 선량이 증가할수록 많이 발생하였다. 이상의 결과를 보면 본원 치료방사선과의 자궁 경부암의 수술후 방사선 치료원칙은 적절하며 재발방지와 합병증의 예방을 위한 세심한 주의와 항암제를 위시한 전신요법의 추가를 고려하여야 하겠다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2003

폐의 다형성 암종은 일반적으로 드문 폐암종의 아형으로 알려져 있다. 1999년 WHO 폐암분류의 기준을 적용하여 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 진단된 42예의 다형성 암종에 대한 임상적 특징에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 본원에서 폐암으로 폐 절제술을 시행한 256예 중, 광학현미경적 재검색과 면역조직화학염색을 실시하여 다형성 암종으로 진단한 42예를 대상으로, 연구를 시행하였다. 결과: 42예 중 남자는 31예, 여자는 11예였고, 나이는 26세부터 77세까지였다. 임상증상은 기침, 객혈, 객담이 주로 나타났으며, 진단 시 병기는 Ia 3예, (7%), Ib 16예(38%), IIa 1예 (2%), IIb 8예(19%), IIIa 15예(35%), IIIb 1예(2%)였고, 이 중 림프절 전이가 없는 N0 경우는 23예(54%), 림프절 전이가 있는 N1과 N2인 경우는 19예(46%)로 나타났다. 원격전이가 발생한 환자는 총 19예로 뇌 5예(26%),뼈 4예(21%),근육 4예(21%), 림프절 2예(10%), 간, 난소, 편측 폐, 부신이 각 1예씩 발생하였다. 종양의 크기는 1 cm부터 11 cm까지 분포하였고 평균 5.85 cm이었다. 42예의 환자에서 조사 기간 중 생존자는 11예(26%), 사망자는 31예(74%)이었다. Kaplan-Meier method에 의한 이들의 전체 2년, 5년 생존율은 각각 26%와 13%로 조사대상 256예에서 다형성암종을 제외한 증례의 2년생존율 44%와 5년 생존율 34%에 비해서 유의하게 낮은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.002). 나이와 종양의 크기, 병기 I과 병기 II 이상, N0 N1 이상의 생존율 비교에서는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 술 후 원격전이가 발생한 증례는 모두 사망하였고 이들은 원격전이가 없는 증례에 비하여 생존율이 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.002). 걸론: 1999년 WHO 폐암분류에 따른 새로운 진단 기준을 적용할 경우 다형성 암종은 이전의 WHO 폐암분류에서보다 높은 발생률을 보이며, 술 후 이들의 생존율은 다른 비소세포암종의 유형보다 유의하게 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1996

목적 : 상피내암, 초기 침윤성 자궁경부암, 또는 양성 질환으로 자궁적출술 받은 후 침윤성 자궁경부암으로 확인되어 방사선치료를 받은 환자의 치료 결과와 예후를 분석 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년 9월부터 1993년 12월까지 수술후 침윤성 자궁암으로 진단되어 방사선치료를 시행한 61명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 수술전 진단은 상피내암이 가장 많았으며 (38명), 초기 침윤성 자궁암 (10명), 자궁근종 (6명)등이었다. 대부분 수술후 2개월 이내에 방사선치료를 시행하였으며 3명은 추적검사중 재발암으로 확인되어 치료하였다. 8명은 강내치료만을, 47명은 외부 방사선치료만을, 그리고 6명은 강내치료와 외부 방사선치료를 같이 시행하였다. 결과 : 5년 생존율 및 무병 생존율은 각각 $83.8\%$, $86.9\%$ 였으며 수술 당시의 육안적 잔존병소가 있었던 경우는 $38.4\%$로 매우 낮았다. 모두 8명의 치료실패가 있었으며 예후인자로는 후향적 병기, 잔존병소 유무, 병리조직유형이 있었다. 결론 : 조기 침윤성 자궁암은 부적절한 수술후에도 방사선치료로 효과가 좋으나 잔존병소가 있는 경우에는 예후가 불량하므로 좀 더 적극적인 치료가 필요하며, 무엇보다도 조기에 정확한 검진과 병기 결정을 시행하여 각 병기에 따른 적절한 치료가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6935-6940
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• 2013

Background: This study aimed to develop a prognostic model in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma based on clinicopathological features, including invasive margin characteristics. Materials and Methods: Clinicopathological features and outcomes of 190 patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated by surgery were collected and analyzed for factors associated with tumor recurrence. In addition to well-recognized pathological risk factors, the pathological characteristics of invasive margin (type of invasive pattern and degree of stromal desmoplasia and peritumoral inflammatory reaction) were also included in the analysis. Multiple scoring models were made by matching different clinicopathological variables and/or different weighting of the score for each variable. The model with the best performance in the prediction of recurrence and decreased survival was selected. Results: The model with the best performance was composed of a combined score of invasive pattern, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and degree of inflammatory reaction and stromal desmoplasia (total score =10). Compared to those with score ${\leq}8$, the patients with score 9-10 had a significantly higher recurrence rate in the overall group (p<0.001) and the subgroup without adjuvant therapy (p<0.001), while the significance was marginal in the subgroup with adjuvant therapy (p=0.069). In addition, the patients with score 9-10 had a higher rate of tumor recurrence at distant sites (p=0.007). The disease-free survival was significantly lower in the patients with score 9-10 than those with score ${\leq}8$ among the overall patients (p<0.001), in the subgroup without adjuvant therapy (p<0.001), and the subgroup with adjuvant therapy (p=0.047). Conclusions: In this study, a prognostic model based on a combination of pathological characteristics of invasive margin and LVSI proved to be predictive of tumor recurrence and decreased disease-free survival in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3281-3285
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• 2012

Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathologic correlation and prognostic value of HPV18 DNA viral load in patients with early-stage cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECA). Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of cervical NECA patients with known HPV18 infection and clinicopathologic data including follow-up results were collected. The HPV18 DNA load was assessed with quantitative PCR targeting the HPV18 E6E7 region. Results: Twenty-one patients with early-stage (IB-IIA) cervical NECA were identified. HPV18 DNA viral load ranged from 0.83 to 55,174 copies/cell (median 5.90). Disease progression, observed in 10 cases (48%), was not significantly associated with any clinicopathologic variables. However, the group of patients with progressive disease tended to have a higher rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis (50% versus 9%, p=0.063) and a lower median value of HPV18 DNA viral load (4.37 versus 8.17 copies/cell, p=0.198) compared to the non-recurrent group. When stratified by a cut-off viral load value of 5.00 copies/cell, the group of patients with viral load ${\leq}5.00$ copies/cell had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than the group with viral load >5.00 copies/cell (p=0.028). The group with a lower viral load also tended to have a higher rate of disease progression (75% versus 31%, p=0.080). No significant difference in the other clinicopathologic variables between the lower and higher viral load groups was identified. Conclusion: HPV18 DNA viral load may have a prognostic value in patients with early-stage NECA of the cervix. A low viral load may be predictive of shortened disease-free survival in these patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4363-4368
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• 2015

Background: The tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) represents the percentage of neoplastic cell components compared to the combined area of neoplastic cells and the surrounding tumor-induced stroma. A low TSR (predomination of stromal component) has been demonstrated to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in cancers of several organs. In cervical carcinoma patients, TSR has been evaluated in only one previous study with different histological types. The present study aimed to assess the prognostic value of TSR in early stage cervical cancer patients with adenocarcinoma histology only. Materials and Methods: Histological slides of patients with early stage (IB-IIA) cervical adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment between January 2003 and December 2011 were reviewed. Patients who had received preoperative chemotherapy were excluded. TSR was categorized as low (<50%) and high (${\geq}50%$). Correlations between TSR and clinicopathological variables were evaluated. Prognostic values of TSR and other variables were estimated using Cox's regression. Results: Of 131 patients; 38 (29.0%) had low TSR and 93 (71.0%) had high TSR. The patients with low TSR had significantly higher proportions of deep cervical stromal invasion (outer third of wall, p=0.011; residual stroma less than 3 mm, p=0.008) and parametrial involvement (p=0.026). Compared to the patients with high TSR, those with low TSR tended to have lower 5-year disease-free survival rate (83.8% versus 88.9%) and overall survival rate (85.6% versus 90.3%), although the differences were not statistically significant. Low TSR was significantly associated with decreased overall survival in univariate analysis (HR 2.7; 95% CI 1.0-7.0; p=0.041), but not in multivariate analysis. TSR was not significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival. Conclusions: Low TSR is associated with decreased overall survival in patients with early stage cervical adenocarcinoma treated by surgery. However, it was not found to be an independent prognostic predictor in this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5165-5169
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• 2013

Background: To evaluate the pathological characteristics of invasive margins in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinomas and their association with other clinicopathological features including clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinomas who received surgical treatment and had available follow-up information were identified. Their histological slides were reviewed for prognostic variables including tumor size, grade, extent of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, involvement of vaginal margin or parametrium, and lymph node metastasis. The characteristics of invasive margins including invasive pattern (closed, finger-like, or spray-like type), degree of stromal desmoplasia, and degree of peritumoral inflammatory reaction were evaluated along the entire invasive fronts of tumours. Associations between the characteristics of invasive margins and other clinicopathological variables and disease-free survival were assessed. Results: A total of 190 patients were included in the study with a median follow-up duration of 73 months. Tumour recurrence was observed in 18 patients (9%). Spray-like invasive pattern was significantly more associated as compared with closed or finger-like invasive pattern (p=0.005), whereas the degree of stromal desmoplasia or peritumoral inflammatory reaction was not. Low degree of peritumoral inflammatory reaction appeared linked with lymph node metastasis (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis, a spray-like invasive pattern was independently associated with marked stromal desmoplasia (p=0.013), whilst marked desmoplasia was also independently associated with low inflammatory reactions (p=0.009). Furthermore, low inflammatory reactions were independently associated with positive margins (p=0.022) and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.034). The patients with spray-like invasive pattern had a significantly lower disease-free survival compared with those with closed or finger-like pattern (p=0.004). Conclusions: There is a complex interaction between cancer tissue at the invasive margin and changes in surrounding stroma. A spray-like invasive pattern has a prognostic value in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2006

진원 연-아연 광상은 영남육괴의 북동부에 위치하며, 주변 지질은 선캠브리아기의 호산리층, 분천화강편마암, 흑운모화강편마암, 홍제사화강암, 우백질화강암과 이들을 관입한 백악기의 산성화산암류 및 시대미상의 암맥류로 구성되어 있다. 광상은 영남육괴의 고기 화강암류인 홍제사화강암 내의 열극을 충진하여 발달한 함 연-아연 열수 석영 맥상 광체들로 구성되어 있으며, 광화작용은 구조운동에 수반되어 총 2회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 주 광화시기인 광화 I기는 광물들의 산출조직과 공생관계 등에 의하여 2개의 substage (Ia, Ib)로 구분되며, 석영맥 내에 주 광종인 섬아연석($13.1{\sim}19.0$ mole% FeS)과 방연석에 수반하여 환철석, 유비철석($28.4{\sim}30.3$ Atomic % As), 자류철석, 자철석, 황동석, 휘은석 등의 활화광물과 활염광물인 miargyrite가 광석광물로서 산출된다. 광화 II기는 광석광물을 수반하지 않은 석영맥의 발달 시기이다. 광석광물의 공생관계와 화학조성 특성 연구결과 등을 종합하여 확인된 광화작용 시의 지화학적 환경은 유활분압 $10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-16}atm$, 산소분압 $10^{-32.8}{\sim}10^{-38.5}atm$ 이산화탄소 분압 $<10^{-0.6}atm$이었다.