• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.53-83
• /
• 2013

Sea waves induce significant pressures on coastal surfaces, especially on rocky vertical cliffs or breakwater structures (Peregrine 2003). In the present work, this hydrodynamic pressure is considered as the excitation acting on a piezoelectric material sheet, installed on a vertical cliff, and connected to an external electric circuit (on land). The whole hydro/piezo/electric system is modeled in the context of linear wave theory. The piezoelectric elements are assumed to be small plates, possibly of stack configuration, under a specific wiring. They are connected with an external circuit, modeled by a complex impedance, as usually happens in preliminary studies (Liang and Liao 2011). The piezoelectric elements are subjected to thickness-mode vibrations under the influence of incident harmonic water waves. Full, kinematic and dynamic, coupling is implemented along the water-solid interface, using propagation and evanescent modes (Athanassoulis and Belibassakis 1999). For most energetically interesting conditions the long-wave theory is valid, making the effect of evanescent modes negligible, and permitting us to calculate a closed-form solution for the efficiency of the energy harvesting system. It is found that the efficiency is dependent on two dimensionless hydro/piezo/electric parameters, and may become significant (as high as 30 - 50%) for appropriate combinations of parameter values, which, however, corresponds to exotically flexible piezoelectric materials. The existence or the possibility of constructing such kind of materials formulates a question to material scientists.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.3 no.6
• /
• pp.571-576
• /
• 2019

The morphological changes of anthracnose (fungus) -infected tomato seeds have been studied to identify the infection and characterize its effect. Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) has been utilized as a nondestructive but efficient modality for visualizing the effects of fungal infection. The cross-sectional images extracted from a stack of en face FF-OCT images showed significant changes with infection in the seed structure. First of all, the seed coat disappeared with the infection. The thickness of the seed coat of a healthy seed was measured as 28.2 ㎛, with a standard deviation of 1.2 ㎛. However, for infected seeds the gap between surface and endosperm was not appreciably observed. In addition, the measurements confirmed that the dryness of seeds did not affect the internal seed structure. The reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) image revealed that the permeability of the seed coat, which plays the vital role of protecting the seed, is also affected by the infection. These results suggest that FF-OCT has good potential for the identification of fungus-infected tomato seeds, and for many other tasks in agriculture.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2013

The air supply system has a significant effect on the efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. The performance and efficiency of automotive PEMFC systems are greatly influenced by their air supply system configurations. This study deals with the system simulation of automotive PEMFC systems using MATLAB/Simulink framework. In this study, a low-pressure operating PEMFC system adopting blower sub-module (turbo-blower) is modeled to investigate the effects of stack operating temperature and air stoichiometry on the parasitic power and efficiency of automotive PEMFC systems. In addition, the PEMFC net system efficiency and parasitic power of air supply system are mainly compared for the two types (low-pressure operating and high-pressure operating) of automotive PEMFC systems under the same net power conditions. It is suggested that the obtained results from this system approach can be applied for establishing the novel operating strategies for FC vehicles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.1755-1762
• /
• 1998

In order to minimize emission of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDD/PCDFs) from municipal solid waste incinerators, it is important to maintain optimized operating conditions along with the system modification/improvement. Operating conditions of MSW incinerator make very complicated influence on formation of PCDD/PCDFs in each unit apparatus. For revealing these influences, concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs are measured from the stack and from the fly ash, while monitoring the plant operating conditions. The effects are grouped into 3 main categories, combustion conditions, de Novo synthesis effects, and adsorption/destruction effects in the flue gas treatment system. Interpretation of the results showed that de Novo synthesis effect, reformation by metalic catalyst, especially Cu in fly ash in the temperature range of $250{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, is found to influence most dominantly on the concentration of PCDD/PCDFs. A plausible mathmatical model for predicting concentration of PCDD/PCDFs is proposed, and discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we have designed 800[MHz] broad band antenna that is improves a narrow bandwidth problem of microstrip antenna and it will be able to integrate GSM, TRS band including the CDMA band. It had L-shaped feeding structure and added the U-slot it used a duplex resonance effect. Also for the improvement of profit the stack it did with the perpendicular. It seems to be good quality that design and manufactured antenna frequency bandwidth(VSWR 2:1) is 789~1086[MHz] with 297[MHz](33%). Also the E-plan and H-plan all profit 9.4[dBi] above, 3[dB] beam width was visible the quality which above $61^{\circ}$ is improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.201-201
• /
• 2010

DRAM (dynamic random access memory)은 하나의 트랜지스터와 하나의 캐패시터의 구조 (1T/1C)를 가지는 구조로써 빠른 동작 속도와 고집적에 용이하다. 하지만 고집적화를 위해서는 최소한의 캐패시터 용량 (30 fF/cell)을 충족시켜 주어야 한다. 이에 따라 캐패시터는 stack 혹은 deep trench 구조로 제작되어야 한다. 위와 같은 구조로 소자를 구현할 시 제작공정이 복잡해지고 캐패시터의 집적화에도 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 1T-DRAM이 제안되었다. 1T-DRAM은 하나의 트랜지스터로 이루어져 있으며 SOI (silicon-on-insulator) 기판에서 나타나는 floating body effect를 이용하여 추가적인 캐패시터를 필요로 하지 않는다. 하지만 SOI 기판을 이용한 1T-DRAM은 비용측면에서 대량생산화를 시키기는데 어려움이 있으며, 3차원 적층구조로의 적용이 어렵다. 하지만 다결정 실리콘을 이용한 기판은 공정의 대면적화가 가능하고 비용적 측면에서 유리한 장점을 가지고 있으며, 적층구조로의 적용 또한 용이하다. 본 연구에서는 ELA (eximer laser annealing) 방법을 이용하여 비정질 실리콘을 결정화시킨 기판에서 1T-DRAM을 제작하였다. 하지만 다결정 실리콘은 단결정 실리콘에 비해 저항이 크기 때문에, 메모리 소자로서 동작하기 위해서는 높은 바이어스 조건이 필요하다. 게이트 산화막이 얇은 경우, 게이트 산화막의 열화로 인하여 소자의 오작동이 일어나게 되고 게이트 산화막이 두꺼울 경우에는 전력소모가 커지게 된다. 그러므로 메모리 소자로서 동작 할 수 있는 최적화된 게이트 산화막 두께가 필요하다. 제작된 소자는 KrF-248 nm 레이저로 결정화된 ELA 기판위에 게이트 산화막을 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm 로 나누어서 증착하여, 전기적 특성 및 메모리 특성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.786-797
• /
• 2016

This paper describes the design and development of a novel semiconductor-based solid-state switch for damped oscillating voltage test system. The proposed switch is configured as two identical series-connected switch stacks, each of which comprising 10 series-connected IGBT function units. Each unit consists of one IGBT, a gate driver, and an auxiliary voltage sharing circuit. A single switch stack can block 20 kV-rated high voltage, and two stacks in series are proven applicable to 30 kV-rated high voltage. The turn-on speed of the switch is approximately 250 ns. A flyback topology-based power supply system with a front-end power factor correction is built for the drive circuit by loosely inductively coupling each unit with a ferrite core to the primary side of a power generator to obtain the advantages of galvanic isolation and compact size. After the simulation, measurement, and estimation of the parasitic effect on the gate driver, a prototype is assembled and tested under different operating regimes. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed prototype.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.1330-1340
• /
• 2000

Multimedia isn ow applied to various real world areas. In particular, the focus on multimedia system and CSCW(Computer Supported Cooperative Work) has increased. In spite of this current trend, however, the study of fault tolerance for CSCW has not yet fully progressed. We propose EDR_MSCW. It is a system that is suitable for detecting ad recovering software error based on multimedia computer supported cooperative work as DOORAE by using software techniques. DOORAE is a framwork for supporting development on multimedia applications for computer-based collaborative works. When an error occurs, EDR_MCSCW detects an error by using hooking methods in MS-Windows API(Application Program Interface) function. If an error is found, we present a checkpointing and recovery algorithm which has the removal function of the domino-effect for recovering multimedia and CSCW by using stack.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.110-114
• /
• 2000

We have investigated the Josephson vortex dynamics in $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O{8+\delta}$ intrinsic Josephson junctions subjected to a magnetic field parallel to $CuO_2$ planes. We investigated mesas with $40\times40{\mu}m^2$ in size and containing 6 and 20. intrinsic junctions. The zero field I-V characteristics exhibited a typical hysteretic, multi-branched nature of the intrinsic Josephson effect. At high magnetic fields (H>1.5 T), I-V characteristics showed flux flow steps. The Swihart velocity obtained from this observation was about $4.2\times10^5$ m/s, which was the lowest mode electromagnetic wave velocity of N coupled stack. The experimental I-V curves fitted well into the simple model of Cherenkov radiation including Ohmic and non-linear dissipation terms. This suggests that the dissipation mechanism of Josephson vortex be due to both Cherenkov radiation and quasiparticle tunneling current.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.505-509
• /
• 2016

We have investigated the characteristics of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film solar cell by inserting barrier layer. The conversion efficiency of a-Si thin-film solar cells on graphite substrate shows nearly zero because of the surface roughness of the graphite substrate. To enhance the performance of solar cells, the surface morphology of the back side were modified by changing the barrier layer on graphite. The surface roughness of graphite substrate with the barrier layer grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reduced from ~2 um to ~75 nm. In this study, the combination of the barrier layer on graphite substrate is important to increase solar cell efficiency. We achieved ~ 7.8% cell efficiency for an a-Si thin-film solar cell on graphite substrate with SiNx/SiOx stack barrier layer.