• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 식물공장 내·외부 환경 변화에 따라 연간 총 에너지 요구량의 변화를 분석하기기 위해, 컨테이너형 식물공장을 대상으로 해석적 연구를 진행하였다. 내부 환경 변수로는 일장, 설정 온도 및 습도를 선정하였으며, 외부 환경은 ASHRAE에서 제시한 세계 기후 ZONE에 따라 9가지 기후조건에서 연간 총 에너지 요구량의 변화를 살펴보았다. 내부환경 조건 변화에 있어서는 대전지역에서의 일장의 증가는 연간 총에너지 요구량을 증가시키고, 설정 습도의 증가는 연간 총 에너지 요구량을 감소시켰다. 설정 온도의 증가는 냉·난방 및 제습 부하의 증감량에 따라 에너지 요구량 최적점이 있었다. 외부 기후 환경의 변화에 따른 차이를 살펴보면, 식물공장의 연간 총 에너지 요구량이 최대 713.0kWh·m^-2·yr^-1(타이페이, 타이완, 고온·건조)이고 최저585.7kWh·m^-2·yr^-1(모스크바, 러시아, 저온·다습)로, 동일한 작물 재배에 최대 21.7%의 에너지 요구량 차이가 났다. 또한 각 내부 환경 변수가 기후에 따라 미치는 영향의 정도를 분석하기 위해 민감도 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 연간 총 에너지 요구량 중 냉방부하의 비율이 높은 더운 지역의 경우 일장 변화에 의한 에너지 요구량 변화가 컸고, 반면에 난방 부하가 큰 추운 지역의 경우 설정 습도 변화에 따른 에너지 요구량 변화가 상대적으로 더컸다. 설정온도의 변화는 난방 부하 및 냉방 부하의 상충된 영향을 미치기 때문에, 기후에 따른 냉·난방 부하 비율에 따라 최적점이 나타났다. 본 연구의 개발 모델 및 결과는 작물에 따른 최적 지역 선정 또는 지역에 따른 적정 생육환경 작물을 선정하는 데 활용될 수 있으며, 또한 작물의 생육뿐만 아니라 에너지 사용량 절감을 고려한 식물공장 재배 환경 조건 도출에 활용될 수 있다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1976

Because of differences in thoughts and ideology, our country, Korea has been deprived of national unity for some thirty years of time and tide. To achieve peaceful unification, the cultivation of national strength is of paramount importance. This national strength is also essential if Korea is to take rightful place in the international societies and to have the confidence of these societies. However, national strength can never be achieved in a short time. The fundamental elements in economic development that are directly conducive to the cultivation of national strength can be said to lie in -a stable political system, -exertion of powerful leadership, -cultivation of a spirit of diligence, self-help and cooperation, -modernization of human brain power, and -establishment of a scientific and well planned economic policy and strong enforcement of this policy. Our country, Korea, has attained brilliant economic development in the past 15 years under the strong leadership of president Park Chung Hee. However, there are still many problems to be solved. A few of them are: -housing and home problems, -increasing demand for employment, -increasing demand for staple food and -the need to improve international balance of payment. Solution of the above mentioned problems requires step by step scientific development of each sector and region of our contry. As a spearhead project in regional development, the Saemaul Campaign or new village movement can be cited. The campaign is now spreading throughout the country like a grass fire. However, such campaigns need considerable encouragement and support and the means for the desired development must be provided if the regional and sectoral development program is to sucdceed. The construction of large multipurpose dams in major river basin plays significant role in all aspects of national, regional and sectoral development. It ensures that the water resource, for which there is no substitute, is retained and utilized for irrigation of agricultural areas, production of power for industry, provision of water for domestic and industrial uses and control of river water. Water is the very essence of life and we must conserve and utilize what we have for the betterment of our peoples and their heir. The regional and social impact of construction of a large dam is enormous. It is intended to, and does, dras tically improve the "without-project" socio-economic conditions. A good example of this is the Soyanggang multipurpose dam. This project will significantly contribute to our national strength by utilizing the stored water for the benefit of human life and relief of flood and drought damages. Annual average precipitation in Korea is 1160mm, a comparatively abundant amount. The catchment areas of the Han River, Keum River, and Youngsan River are $62,755\textrm{km}^2$, accounting for 64% of the national total. Approximately 62% of the national population inhabits in this area, and 67% of the national gross product comes from the area. The annual population growth rate of the country is currently estimated at 1.7%, and every year the population growth in urban area increases at a rising rate. The population of Seoul, Pusan, and Taegu, the three major cities in Korea, is equal to one third of our national total. According to the census conducted on October 1, 1975, the population in the urban areas has increased by 384,000, whereas that in rural areas has decreased by 59,000,000 in the past five years. The composition of population between urban and rural areas varied from 41%~59% in 1959 to 48%~52% in 1975. To mitigate this treand towards concentration of population in urban areas, employment opportunities must be provided in regional and rural areas. However, heavy and chemical industries, which mitigate production and employment problems at the same time, must have abundant water and energy. Also increase in staple food production cannot be attained without water. At this point in time, when water demand is rapidly growing, it is essential for the country to provide as much a reservoir capacity as possible to capture the monsoon rainfall, which concentarated in the rainy seaon from June to Septesmber, and conserve the water for year round use. The floods, which at one time we called "the devil" have now become a source of immense benefit to Korea. Let me explain the topographic condition in Korea. In northern and eastern areas we have high mountains and rugged country. Our rivers originate in these mountains and flow in a general southerly or westerly direction throught ancient plains. These plains were formed by progressive deposition of sediments from the mountains and provide our country with large areas of fertile land, emminently suited to settlement and irrigated agricultural development. It is, therefore, quite natural that these areas should become the polar point for our regional development program. Hower, we are fortunate in that we have an additional area or areas, which can be used for agricultural production and settlement of our peoples, particularly those peoples who may be displaced by the formation of our reservoirs. I am speaking of the tidelands along the western and southern coasts. The other day the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery informed the public of a tideland reclamation of which 400,000 hectares will be used for growing rice as part of our national food self-sufficiency programme. Now, again, we arrive at the need for water, as without it we cannot realize this ambitious programme. And again we need those dams to provide it. As I mentioned before, dams not only provide us with essential water for agriculture, domestic and industrial use, but provide us with electrical energy, as it is generally extremely economical to use the water being release for the former purposes to drive turbines and generators. At the present time we have 13 hydro-electric power plants with an installed capacity of 711,000 kilowatts equal to 16% of our national total. There are about 110 potential dams ites in the country, which could yield about 2,300,000 kilowatts of hydro-electric power. There are about 54 sites suitable for pumped storage which could produce a further 38,600,000 kilowatts of power. All available if we carefully develop our water resources. To summarize, water resource development is essential to the regional development program and the welfare of our people, it must proceed hand-in-hand with other aspects of regional development such as land impovement, high way extension, development of our forests, erosion control, and develop ment of heavy and chemical industries. Through the successful implementation of such an integrated regional development program, we can look forward to a period of national strength, and due recognition of our country by the worlds societies.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권2호통권107호
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• pp.180-192
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• 2004

본 연구는 2002년 11월부터 2004년 2월까지 수심이 얕은 부영양상태의 저수지에서계절에 따른 수질변화와이에 대한 유입 부하량 영향을 평가하기 위해 이루어졌다. 수심간의 수온차가 $1^{\circ}C\;m^{-1}$ 이상의 수온약층이 5월에 형성되었고, 심층에서 2 mg $O_2\;L^{-1}$ 이하의 낮은 산소농도가 5월부터 9월까지 관찰되었다. $Z_{eu}/Z_{m}$은 0.2${\sim}$l.1의 범위로 수온약층 형성으로 혼합 층이 수심 4m근처이고 유광대 층이 수심 4.3m였던 5월을 제외하고는 대부분의 기간 동안에 유광대층에 비해 혼합층의 수심이 깊은 것으로 나타났다. 수체내 질소는 1.1 ${\sim}$ 4.5 mg N $L^{-1}$ 의범위로, 대부분이 용존 형태(Avg. 58.7%)로 존재하고 있었으며 결빙된 수표면의 해빙 시에 암모니아성 질소와 질산성질소가 증가하였다. 저수지내 총인 농도는43.g${\sim}$126.6 ${\mu}g\;P\;L^{-1}$범위로 대부분은 입자성인의 형태(Avg. 80%)로 존재하고 있었다. 용존무기인 농도는 심층에서의 일시적인 증가가 관찰된 7월과 8월을 제외하고는 10 ${\mu}g\;P\;L^{-1}$ 이하였다. 엽록소 a 농도의 뚜렷한 증가는인 유입부하량이 많았던 7월 (99 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$)과 11월 (109 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$)에 관찰되었고 수체내 총인과 양의 상관성을 보였다(r=0.55, P<0.008, n=22).수층간의 평균 엽록소 a 농도는11월 8일에 84.5${\pm}$29.0 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$으로 가장 높았고 2월에13.5${\pm}$ 1.0 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$로 가장 낮았다. 유입수량이 증가할 수록유입수내 층인 농도도 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며(r=0.69,P<0.001), 1년 중 강우량이 많았던 7월 25일 하루동안에 연간 총인 유입부하량의 40.5%가 유입되었고, 11월 8일에도 17.1%가 유입되었다. 유역으로부터 유입되는총인 부하량은 159.0kg P $yr^{-1}$였고, 식물플랑크톤에 의해직접 이용 될 수 있는 용존무기인 부하량은 126.3 kg P $yr^{-1}$로 총인의 77.7%에 해당하였다. 총 질소 부하량은 5.0 ton $yr^{-1}$로 총 인 부하량(159.0 kg P $yr^{-1}$)에 비해 30배 정도 많았으며, 총질소 부하 중 무기질소 부하량은3.9 ton $yr^{-1}$로 총 질소의 78%였다. 인 임계 부하량은 1.6 g ${\cdot}$ $m^{-2}$${\cdot}$$yr^{-1}$으로 과잉임계부하량을 상회하는 수준 이였다. 본 연구결과 저수지의 유역으로부터 유입되는 많은양의 유입 인 부하는 저수지 수질의 계절적인 변화 뿐 만아니라 부영양화의 가장 큰 원인으로 나타났으며, 중영양상태의 수질을 유지하기 위해서는 총인 유입부하량(159 kg $yr^{-1}$)의 71%가 감소되어야 할 필요성이 제기되었다. 또한 여름철 심층 산소 고갈이 야기되었고, 이 시기에 퇴적물로 용출된 인이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 이용될 수 있기때문에 퇴적물에 대한 관리도 수행될 필요가 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.5-19
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• 2019

암반으로 구성되어 있는 급경사($65^{\circ}{\sim}85^{\circ}$)비탈면이 장기간 안정한 상태로 유지되고 있는 자연현상을 고려할 때, 설계 및 초기 시공 단계에서 위와 유사한 지반 상태로 이루어진 깎기 암반비탈면에 대해 1:0.5(발파암 경사 기준)보다 급한 경사를 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 급경사로 설계 가능한 양호한 연속체 암반비탈면의 안정성을 검토하는 과정에서, 설계실무 측면에서 범용적인 암반강도정수 산정방법이 필요하게 되었다. Hoek 등(2002)이 수정 보완하여 발표한 Hoek-Brown 파괴기준과 GSI분류는 불연속구조의 영향을 충분히 고려한 암반특성화 시스템으로 평가되었으며, 응력변화에 따라 등가 Mohr-Coulomb 강도정수(등면적법)를 산출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 비탈면에서는 등가 M-C 강도정수가 최대구속응력(${{\sigma}^{\prime}}_{3max}$ 또는 수직응력)변화에 따라 민감하게 변화하므로 실무적으로 활용하기에 어려운 점이 있다. 이 연구에서는 양호한 연속체 암반비탈면에 대해 최대구속응력 범위이내에서 범용적으로 적용할 수 있는 강도정수산정방법(등각분할법)을 H-B 파괴기준을 응용하여 제안한다. 등각분할법 강도정수(A)의 타당성 및 적용성을 평가하기 위해, 연구대상 암반비탈면을 기존 실시설계 현장 인근에 있는 급경사 비탈면에서 암석종류별(화성암, 변성암, 퇴적암)로 선정하고, Hoek이 제시한 등가 M-C 강도정수(등면적법)들과 비교 분석하였다. 등면적법 및 등각분할법 등가 M-C 강도정수는 기본적인 자료인 기존 실시설계 현장의 실내 암석 삼축압축시험과 연구대상 암반비탈면의 불연속구조의 특성조사(Face Mapping)를 통해 RocLab 프로그램(H-B 파괴기준을 기본으로 전산화된 지반정수 산정 소프트웨어)을 활용하여 산정하였다. 산정된 등면적법 등가 M-C 강도정수는 상호 연동되어 점착력과 내부마찰각이 아주 크거나($45^{\circ}$ 이상) 작게 나타났다. 등각분할법 등가 M-C 강도정수는 등면적법 등가 M-C 강도정수의 중간 정도이며, 내부마찰각은 $30^{\circ}{\sim}42^{\circ}$의 범위를 보인다. 연구대상 암반비탈면의 등각분할법 강도정수(A)와 기존 실시 설계 현장에서 연구대상 암반비탈면과 유사한 암반상태(동일 등급 RMR)에 적용한 강도정수(B)와 비교 분석하고, 이 지반정수들로 적용한 비탈면 안정해석(한계평형해석과 유한요소해석) 결과를 통해 제안한 등각분할법의 적용성을 간접적으로 평가하였다. A와 B의 강도정수 차이는 10% 정도이다. 한계평형해석 결과(우기 기준), A적용 안전율(Fs)=14.08~58.22(평균 32.9), B적용 안전율(Fs)=18.39~60.04(평균 32.2)이며, 각 동일한 암석종류에 따라 상호 유사하게 나타났다. 유한요소 해석 결과, A적용 변위=0.13~0.65mm(평균 0.27mm), B적용 변위=0.14~1.07mm(평균 0.37mm)으로 매우 유사하다. H-B 파괴기준을 응용하여 등각분할법으로 산출한 지반 정수를 실무적인 전단강도로 적용할 수 있는 적용성 평가에서 유의미한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제3권호
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• pp.54-70
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• 1993

According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.