• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1532-1548
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• 2008

The tunnel type spillways is under construction to increasing water reservoir capacity in Dae-am dam. The tunnel outlet was planned to be made after installing slope stabilization system on natural slope there. Generally, the tunnel outlet is made perpendicularly to the slope, but in this case, it had to be made obliquely to the slope for not interrupting flow of river. Because of excavation in condition of natural slope caused to deflecting earth pressure, the outlet couldn't be made. So, artificial ground made with concrete that it was constructed in the outside of tunnel for producing the arching effect which enables to make a outlet. We were planned tunnel excavation was carried out after artificial ground made. Artificial ground made by poor mix concrete of which it was planned that the thickness was at least 3.0m height from outside of tunnel lining and 30cm of height per pouring. Spreading and compaction was planned utilized weight of 15 ton roller machine. In order to access of working truck, slope of artificial ground was designed 1:1.0 and applied 2% slope in upper pert of it for easily drainage of water. In addition to, upper pert of artificial ground was covered with soil, because of impaction of rock fall from upper slope was made minimum. The tunnel excavation of the artificial ground was designed application with special blasting method that it was Super Wedge and control blasting utilized with pre-percussion hole.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.142-147
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• 2014

Objective : A thoracolumbar burst fracture is usually unstable and can cause neurological deficits and angular deformity. Patients with unstable thoracolumbar burst fracture usually need surgery for decompression of the spinal canal, correction of the angular deformity, and stabilization of the spinal column. We compared two struts, titanium mesh cages (TMCs) and expandable cages. Methods : 33 patients, who underwent anterior thoracolumbar reconstruction using either TMCs (n=16) or expandable cages (n=17) between June 2000 and September 2011 were included in this study. Clinical outcome was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale and Low Back Outcome Score (LBOS) for functional neurological evaluation. The Cobb angle, body height of the fractured vertebra, the operation time and amount of intra-operative bleeding were measured in both groups. Results : In the expandable cage group, operation time and amount of intraoperative blood loss were lower than that in the TMC group. The mean VAS scores and LBOS in both groups were improved, but no significant difference. Cobb angle was corrected higher than that in expandable cage group from postoperative to the last follow-up. The change in Cobb angles between preoperative, postoperative, and the last follow-up did not show any significant difference. There was no difference in the subsidence of anterior body height between both groups. Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the change in Cobb angles with an inter-group comparison, the expandable cage group showed better results in loss of kyphosis correction, operation time, and amount of intraoperative blood loss.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.556-563
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• 2015

Chinese cabbage is one of the most important vegetables in Korea and a target crop for market stabilization as well. Remote sensing has long been used as a tool to extract plant growth, cultivated area and yield information for many crops, but little research has been conducted on Chinese cabbage. This study refers to the derivation of simple Chinese cabbage growth prediction equation by using RapidEye derived vegetation index. Daesan-myeon area in Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea is one of main producing district of Chinese cabbage. RapidEye multi-spectral imagery was taken on the Daesan-myeon five times from early September to late October during the Chinese cabbage growing season. Meanwhile, field reflectance spectra and five plant growth parameters, including plant height (P.H.), plant diameter (P.D.), leaf height (L.H.), leaf length (L.L.) and leaf number (L.N.), were measured for about 20 plants (ten plants per plot) for each ground survey. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each of the 20 plants was measured using an active plant growth sensor (Crop $Circle^{TM}$) at the same time. The results of correlation analysis between the vegetation indices and Chinese cabbage growth data showed that NDVI was the most suited for monitoring the L.H. (r=0.958~0.978), L.L. (r=0.950~0.971), P.H. (r=0.887~0.982), P.D. (r=0.855~0.932) and L.N. (r=0.718~0.968). Retrieval equations were developed for estimating Chinese cabbage growth parameters using NDVI. These results obtained using the NDVI is effective provided a basis for establishing retrieval algorithm for the biophysical properties of Chinese cabbage. These results will also be useful in determining the RapidEye multi-spectral imagery necessary to estimate parameters of Chinese cabbage.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2019

This paper presents an investigation on bearing capacity, load-settlement behavior and safety factor of rock-soil slopes reinforced using geogrid-box method (GBM). To this end, small-scale laboratory studies were carried out to study the load-settlement response of a circular footing resting on unreinforced and reinforced rock-soil slopes. Several parameters including unit weight of rock-soil materials (loose- and dense-packing modes), slope height, location of footing relative to the slope crest, and geogrid tensile strength were studied. A series of finite element analysis were conducted using ABAQUS software to predict the bearing capacity behavior of slopes. Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis were also performed using commercially available software SLIDE and ABAQUS, respectively to calculate the safety factor. It was found that stabilization of rock-soil slopes using GBM significantly improves the bearing capacity and settlement behavior of slopes. It was established that, the displacement contours in the dense-packing mode distribute in a broader and deeper area as compared with the loose-packing mode, which results in higher ultimate bearing load. Moreover, it was found that in the loose-packing mode an increase in the vertical pressure load is accompanied with an increase in the soil settlement, while in the dense-packing mode the load-settlement curves show a pronounced peak. Comparison of bearing capacity ratios for the dense- and loose-packing modes demonstrated that the maximum benefit of GBM is achieved for rock-soil slopes in loose-packing mode. It was also found that by increasing the slope height, both the initial stiffness and the bearing load decreases. The results indicated a significant increase in the ultimate bearing load as the distance of the footing to the slope crest increases. For all the cases, a good agreement between the laboratory and numerical results was observed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.128-133
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• 2022

Objective: This study was executed to compare and analyze shoulder muscle activation while using an inelastic bar and elastic bar during overhead press exercise. The stability and coordination of shoulder joints will be investigated by measuring and analyzing the EMG of the upper and lower arm muscles. Method: A total of 20 university male students were recruited by dividing into 2 groups; 10 elastic bar participants (age: 20.17 ± 0.41 yrs, height: 174.31 ± 3.34 cm, weight: 74.68 ± 5.65 kg) and 10 inelastic bar participants (age: 20.09 ± 0.23 yrs, height: 173.53 ± 4.11 cm, weight: 75.32 ± 3.31 kg) participated in this study. Results: The EMG analysis results of the four muscles measured in this study showed that there was no difference between the left and right muscles between the groups in Upper Trapezius muscle. In Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Rectus Abdominis muscles, the elastic bar group was significantly higher than the inelastic bar group between groups, and there was no difference between left and right. Conclusion: Among the four muscles measured in this study, there was no difference between left and right in Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Rectus Abdominis, but the elastic bar showed significantly higher muscle activity than the inelastic bar. Therefore, it was found that the elastic bar increases muscle activation during exercise than the inelastic bar, and in particular, it further increases muscle activation of the arms and torso, and exercise using the elastic bar can increase neuromuscular stabilization.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.383-394
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• 1996

Even it's not easy to in the cycle of the change without the qualification of the data, but we can try to figure out a cycle of change in fashion as Kroeber used content analysis. As content analysis with quantitative data increases the objectivity, especially in the case of highly complex materials like s appearance, multi-directional research method; quantitative and qualitative methods are combined in this study. In this research, first the change in hair length(HL), hair width(HW), hair height(HH) was examined to find out possible cyclic aspects of change in each elements and the significant relationships among the hair style was probed and the cyclic aspects between hair style elements and skirt style elements were compared. The data was analyzed by using Time series analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients. The statistical analysis of the hair style of 20th century showed that the hair style's elements changed independently and indicated the cyclic aspects in hair style as Kroeber's fashion cycle. To consider of this result, the hair style changed in a cyclic pattern, its pattern were different from skirt style's. And as hair style's change was affected by change, the hair styles change appeared during wars and disappeared during a social stabilization; this result supports social change theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1999

In order to analyze the sensitivity on the pulverized coal flames of the several variables, a numerical study was conducted at the gasification process. Eulerian approach is used for the gas phase, whereas lagrangian approach is used for the solid phase. Turbulence is modeled using the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. The turbulent combustion incorporates eddy dissipation model. The radiation was solved using a Monte-Carlo method. One-step two-reaction model was employed for the devolatilization of Kideco coal. In pulverized flame of long liftoff height, the initial turbulent intensity seriously affects the position of flame front. The radiation heat transfer and wall heat loss ratio distort the temperature distributions along the reactor wall, but do not influence the reactor performance such as coal conversion, residence time and flame front position. The primary/secondary momentum ratio affects the position of flame front, but the coal burnout is only slightly influenced. The momentum ratio is a variable only associated with the flame stabilization such as flame front position. The addition of steam in the reactor has a detrimental effect on all the aspects, particularly reactor temperature and coal burnout.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is intended to evaluate the effectiveness and analyse the change on balance, gait and ADL of the stroke patient by obstacle gait training. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Ten subjects with stroke patient are recruited from C rehablitation hospital located Chungbuck. The subjects which are divided to 2 group as experimental group (N=5) conducted the obstacle gait training and control group (N=5) conducted the general gait training. The gait (10mWT), balance (BBS) and ADL (FIM) were measured before and after intervention. Results: There were no significant differences (p>.05) in sex, age, height, weight and K-MMSE among subjects. There were significant differences (p<.05) in balance and gait between of the experimental group and control group. But there was no significant difference (p>.05) in the ADL between of the experimental group and control group. There were significant differences (p<.05) gait and balance in the experimental group. But there were no significant difference (p>.05) gait, balance and ADL in the control group. Conclusion: Obstacle gait training showed positive effects on the gait, balance of the stroke patient.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to establish the intensive Grazing system through the improved pasture utilization of the Hanwoo beef cattle. Intensive grazing period, 2 to 3 days was compared to conventional rotation-grazing period, 5 to 6 days as control. The intensive grazing system which has 2 to 3 days of grazing period, increased forage DM yield(7.33t/ha) by 17% compared to control(6.28t/ha), and contributed to stabilization of the seasonal productivity through the increased DM yield after August. Plant height, feed intake and efficiency of grazing was increased in intensive rotation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2000

In case heavy rainfall is a key factor of slope failure, the failure zone is usually developed within the depth of 3~5m from the ground surface regardless of the location of the watertable. If rainfall is taken into consideration, it is general that the slope stability analysis is carried out under the assumption that the cut slope is saturated to the slope surface or the watertable elevates to a certain height so that ${\gamma}_{sat}$, the unit weight of saturated soil, is used. However, the analysis method mentioned above can't exactly simulate the variation of pore water pressure in the slope and yields different failure shape. The applicability of slope stability analysis method considering the distribution of pore water pressure within the slope with heavy rainfalls, was checked out after the stability analysis of a lage-scale cut slope in a highway construction site, where surface failure occurred with heavy rainfalls. An appropriate slope stabilization method is proposed on the base of the outcome of the analysis.