• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2021

매년 기존 도로 터널의 개소 및 연장이 증가하는 만큼 시공 중 붕락 및 융기사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 터널 사고 중 붕괴가 주를 이루어 상대적으로 융기와 관련된 연구가 미흡한 상태이다. 이에 터널 하부를 보강하는 많은 연구가 진행되어 오고 있으나, 터널 바닥부 곡률에 대한 분석이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바닥부 곡률은 물론이고, 토피가 큰 응회암 변질대에 위치한 터널의 상부 해석영역 높이 및 측압계수가 안정성에 미치는 영향을 민감도 분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 해석 결과 전반적으로 바닥부 곡률이 커질수록, 측압계수가 작을수록, 상부 해석영역이 높을수록 터널의 안정성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제17권
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• pp.5-18
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• 2005

논산 관촉사 석등은 암회색을 띠는 화강섬록암으로 구성되어 있다 이 석등은 전체적으로 S자형으로 뒤틀려 있으며 상대석과 1층 옥개석 하부에는 표면박리가 발생하여 석재의 표면이 심하게 부서지고 있다. 이차적 오염도 심각하여 . 부재사이에 삽입된 철편의 산화에 의한 변색과 강수의 유동흔적을 따라 나타나는 회백색 및 암흑색의 침전물이 산재한다. 석등의 표면에는 지의류와 선태류가 피복되어 있어 다양한 형태의 생물학적 훼손을 저감하기 위한 보존처리가 요구된다 또한 석등의 구조적 안정과 표면마모 및 기계적 풍화를 저지하기 위해 환경변화에 대한 장기적인 모니터 링과 함께 풍화요소를 저감할 수 있는 보존방법을 강구해야 할 것이다. 이 석등의 부재는 산출상태와 암석학적 및 지구화학적 특성이 주변의 기반암과 동일한 성인을 갖는 것으로 보아 주변의 석재를 이용하여 석등을 제작하였을 가능성이 높다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2007

In late 1960's, engineers of the engine manufacturer experienced that the distortion of inlet flow of turbofan and turbojet engine could cause the surge in compressor and affect overall engine operational performance, which result in the deterioration of stability of the engine. In this study, block type of inlet distortion simulating device has been developed in order to investigate the effect of inlet distortion on the deterioration of overall engine operational performance. The inlet distortion simulating device was installed in front of engine inlet in order to simulate distortion of inlet flow. The degree of inlet distortion was measured by rakes installed upstream the inlet distortion simulating device and between the engine inlet and inlet distortion simulating device. Before applying the inlet distortion simulating device to real engine, preliminary tests were performed with a simulated engine in order to verify the degree of inlet distortion by the device. Preliminary inlet distortion tests were performed in Altitude Engine Test Facility(AETF) of Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI) and results showed that the inlet distortion simulating device could be used in simulating various inlet distortion cases.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2015

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of various concrete composites in natural marine environment prevailing in the Gulf region. Durability assessment studies of such nature are usually carried out under aggressive environments that constitute seawater, chloride and sulfate laden soils and wind, and groundwater conditions. These studies are very vital for sustainable development of marine and off shore reinforced concrete structures of industrial design such as petroleum installations. First round of testing and evaluation, which is presented in this paper, were performed by standard tests under laboratory conditions. Laboratory results presented in this paper will be corroborated with test outcome of ongoing three years field exposure conditions. The field study will include different parameters of investigation for high performance concrete including corrosion inhibitors, type of reinforcement, natural and industrial pozzolanic additives, water to cement ratio, water type, cover thickness, curing conditions, and concrete coatings. Like the laboratory specimens, samples in the field will be monitored for corrosion induced deterioration signs and for any signs of failureover initial period ofthree years. In this paper, laboratory results pertaining to microsilica (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), epoxy coated rebars and calcium nitrite corrosion inhibitor are very conclusive. Results affirmed that the supplementary cementing materials such as GGBS and SF significantly impacted and enhanced concrete resistivity to chloride ions penetration and hence decrease the corrosion activities on steel bars protected by such concretes. As for epoxy coated rebars applications under high chloride laden conditions, results showed great concern to integrity of the epoxy coating layer on the bar and its stability. On the other hand corrosion inhibiting admixtures such as calcium nitrite proved to be more effective when used in combination with the pozzolanic additives such as GGBS and microsilica.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2009

고령 양전동암각화는 녹색 사암으로 구성된 너비 6m 높이 3m의 암반의 절리면에 겹동그라미(3점)와 방패무늬(30점)의 그림들이 있다. 구성암석의 주 구성광물은 석영, 장석 및 녹니석이며, 교질물인 점토광물 중 녹니석이 대부분이나 일라이트와 소량의 방해석도 산출된다. 이들 점토광물들은 구성광물을 피복 및 성분을 교대하거나 공극을 충진하는 양상으로 산출된다. 수용성 염과 암석의 풍화현상과의 관계를 포함한 훼손양상과 암각화가 그려진 암반의 사면안정성을 조사하였다. 훼손양상은 주로 표면박리, 입자박락, 균열 및 파손 등이다. 그리고 절리와 균열이 발달한 암반은 낙석의 가능성이 있는 것으로 해석된다. 보존을 위해서는 균열 및 파손 부위에 대한 접착처리와 약해진 표면층에 강화처리가 필요하다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2023

전력계통에서 안정적인 전력공급을 하는 고압 가공 배전선로의 사고 발생으로 생활의 불편과 더불어 기업의 생산 차질을 초래하게 된다. 22.9[kV] 고압 가공 배전선은 평소 비, 눈, 바람 등에 의한 피해나 감전방지 등의 신뢰성 및 안정성의 향상을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이에 가공 배전선로의 부식으로 인한 전선의 도전율을 저하시키거나 인장강도가 저하되어 단선 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위하여 평소에 점검과 보수를 통하여 미래의 예기치 못한 사고를 미리 방지하여야 한다. 배전선로의 부식으로 인한 열화진단을 하기 위하여 전선에 진단시스템(계측기)를 설치하여 전선의 상태를 모니터링한다. 측정된 데이터를 ZigBee 무선통신으로 지상의 관리자가 받아 진단시스템 프로그램을 통하여 진단시스템의 제어와 측정된 데이터 및 촬영된 사진을 통하여 가공 배전선로의 상태를 파악하여 육안 검사 방법과 더불어 전선의 수명을 예측하는 프로그램을 개발하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of molasses and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with whole-plant corn in Tibet. TMR (354 g/kg DM) was ensiled with four different treatments: no additive (control), molasses (M), propionic acid (P), and molasses+propionic acid (PM), in laboratory silos (250 mL) and fermented for 45 d. Silos were opened and silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days, in which chemical and microbiological parameters of TMR silages were measured to determined the aerobic deterioration. After 45 d of ensiling, the four TMR silages were of good quality with low pH value and ammonia/total N (AN), and high lactic acid (LA) content and V-scores. M silage showed the highest (p<0.05) LA content and higher dry matter (DM) recovery than the control and P silages. P silage had lower (p<0.05) LA content than the control silage. During aerobic exposure, lactic acid contents decreased gradually in the control and M silages, while that of P and PM silages increased, and the peak values were observed after 9 d. M silage had similar yeast counts with the control silage (> $10^5$ cfu/g FM), however, it appeared to be more stable as indicated by a delayed pH value increase. P and PM silages showed fewer yeasts (< $10^5$ cfu/g FM) (p<0.05) and were more stable than the control and M silages during aerobic exposure. It was concluded that M application increased LA content and improved aerobic stability of TMR silage prepared with whole-plant corn in Tibet. P application inhibited lactic acid production during ensiling, and apparently preserved available sugars which stimulated large increases in lactic acid during aerobic exposure stage, which resulted in greater aerobic stability of TMR silage.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2015

적설한랭지의 경우, 동절기의 동해 및 적설에 의한 교통통행의 원활을 기하기 위하여 제설제를 사용한다. 이와 같은 제설염의 사용은 동결융해 및 염화물에 의해 콘크리트의 급속한 스케일링 피해를 야기시킨다. 이에 대한 피해로 인하여 콘크리트 포장은 콘크리트의 피복두께 감소에 따른 조기 열화 및 사용자의 안정성 등 여러 가지 문제를 발생시킨다. 이에 따라 국외적으로 이와 같은 현상에 대하여 평가를 하기 위해 다양한 시험 및 평가 방법이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 아직 평가방법에 대한 규정은 없으며, 관련 연구 또한 미미한 수준이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 각 기관 및 나라에서 제시되고 있는 평가방법을 조사하고, 각각의 규정에 따라 실험을 수행하여 결과를 도출하여 비교 분석하였다. 나아가 이와 같은 실험방법과 실험결과의 고찰을 통하여 국내현장에 맞는 실험법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.589-606
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• 2015

Purpose: In developing new products, reducing performance variation is important for competitiveness factors such as quality, cost, and delivery. This paper aims at evaluating three performance variations; measurement, performance evaluation, and manufacturing variations, and then improving product and process design, focused on paper helicopter making case study. Methods: For measurement system analysis, gage R&R (repeatability and reproducibility), linearity, stability are evaluated. Since gage R&R are not satisfactory, the measurement system is improved by adopting voice memos application of iPhone and providing standard measurement procedure. To evaluate performance variation, product deterioration and environment factor (wind speed) is considered. Since the existing design is sensitive to these noise factors, a new product design is developed, which is proven to be robust to the noise factors. Finally, manufacturing variations are evaluated with five factors which can cause variation in flight time. To reduce the impact of three significant factors, three improvement methods are applied. Results: Three performance variations are evaluated and robust paper helicopter design is presented. Conclusion: To reduce measurement and process variations, improved measurement method and paper helicopter making procedure are proposed. A new product design is also presented which is robust to deterioration and environmental variation. This paper is expected to benefit students and practitioners who want to have hands-on knowledge on new product quality improvement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.599-614
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• 2024

To evaluate the safety status of deteriorated segments in a submarine shield tunnel during its service life, a seepage model was established based on a cross-sea shield tunnel project. This model was used to study the migration patterns of erosive ions within the shield segments. Based on these laws, the degree of deterioration of the segments was determined. Using the derived analytical solution, the internal forces within the segments were calculated. Lastly, by applying the formula for calculating safety factors, the variation trends in the safety factors of segments with different degrees of deterioration were obtained. The findings demonstrate that corrosive seawater presents the evolution characteristics of continuous seepage from the outside to the inside of the tunnel. The nearby seepage field shows locally concentrated characteristics when there is leakage at the joint, which causes the seepage field's depth and scope to significantly increase. The chlorine ion content decreases gradually with the increase of the distance from the outer surface of the tunnel. The penetration of erosion ions in the segment is facilitated by the presence of water pressure. The ion content of the entire ring segment lining structure is related in the following order: vault < haunch < springing. The difference in the segment's rate of increase in chlorine ion content decreases as service time increases. Based on the analytical solution calculation, the segment's safety factor drops more when the joint leaks than when its intact, and the change rate between the two states exhibits a general downward trend. The safety factor shows a similar change rule at different water depths and continuously decreases at the same segment position as the water depth increases. The three phases of "sudden drop-rise-stability" are represented by a "spoon-shaped" change rule on the safety factor's change curve. The issue of the poor applicability of indicators in earlier studies is resolved by the analytical solution, which only requires determining the loss degree of the segment lining's effective bearing thickness to calculate the safety factor of any cross-section of the shield tunnel. The analytical solution's computation results, however, have some safety margins and are cautious. The process of establishing the evaluation model indicates that the secondary lining made of molded concrete can also have its safety status assessed using the analytical solution. It is very important for the safe operation of the tunnel and the safety of people's property and has a wide range of applications.