• 제목/요약/키워드: stability limit velocity

검색결과 64건 처리시간 0.019초

다공질 내부의 연소현상에 대한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on the Combustion Phenomena in Porous Media)

  • 이용일;신현동
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.321-327
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    • 1996
  • Experiments were performed on the laminar premixed flame stabilized in a porous medium to know whether the flame downstream of the combustor exists or not. In previous theoretical studies, a stable flame has been predicted in the downstream region of the combustor, but it has never been observed in experiments. In this study, a stable downstream flame could be obtained for the lower burning velocity through circumferential heating by a blue flame positioned outside the periphery of the specially devised combustor. The existence of the stable downstream flame was confirmed by a direct photography of soot line, and temperature measurements. The effect of combustor diameter to flame stability was also considered. As the diameter of the combustor increases, the lean flammability limit was extended.

동력경운기의 경사지견인 및 주행특성에 관한 연구 (II)-동력경운기-트레일러계의 욍골동 및 동횡전도한계 (Study on the Travel and Tractive Characteristics of The Two-Wheel Tractor on the General Slope Ground (II)-Dynamic Side-overturn of the Tiller-trailer System-)

  • 송현갑;정창주
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 1978
  • Power tiller is a major unit of agricultural machinery being used on farms in Korea. About 180.000 units are introduced by 1977 and the demand for power tiller is continuously increasing as the farm mechanization progress. Major farming operations done by power tiller are the tillage, pumping, spraying, threshing, and hauling by exchanging the corresponding implements. In addition to their use on a relatively mild slope ground at present, it is also expected that many of power tillers could be operated on much inclined land to be developed by upland enlargement programmed. Therefore, research should be undertaken to solve many problems related to an effective untilization of power tillers on slope ground. The major objective of this study was to find out the travelling and tractive characteristics of power tillers being operated on general slope ground.In order to find out the critical travelling velocity and stability limit of slope ground for the side sliding and the dynamic side overturn of the tiller and tiller-trailer system, the mathematical model was developed based on a simplified physical model. The results analyzed through the model may be summarized as follows; (1) In case of no collision with an obstacle on ground, the equation of the dynamic side overturn developed was: $$\sum_n^{i=1}W_ia_s(cos\alpha cos\phi-{\frac {C_1V^2sin\phi}{gRcos\beta})-I_{AB}\frac {v^2}{Rr}}=0$$ In case of collision with an obstacle on ground, the equation was: $$\sum_n^{i=1}W_ia_s\{cos\alpha(1-sin\phi_1)-{\frac {C_1V^2sin\phi}{gRcos\beta}\}-\frac {1}{2}I_{TP} \( {\frac {2kV_2} {d_1+d_2}\)-I_{AB}{\frac{V^2}{Rr}} \( \frac {\pi}{2}-\frac {\pi}{180}\phi_2 \} = 0 $$ (2) As the angle of steering direction was increased, the critical travelling veloc\ulcornerities of side sliding and dynamic side overturn were decreased. (3) The critical travelling velocity was influenced by both the side slope angle .and the direct angle. In case of no collision with an obstacle, the critical velocity $V_c$ was 2.76-4.83m/sec at $\alpha=0^\circ$, $\beta=20^\circ$ ; and in case of collision with an obstacle, the critical velocity $V_{cc}$ was 1.39-1.5m/sec at $\alpha=0^\circ$, $\beta=20^\circ$ (4) In case of no collision with an obstacle, the dynamic side overturn was stimu\ulcornerlated by the carrying load but in case of collision with an obstacle, the danger of the dynamic side overturn was decreased by the carrying load. (5) When the system travels downward with the first set of high speed the limit {)f slope angle of side sliding was $\beta=5^\circ-10^\circ$ and when travels upward with the first set of high speed, the limit of angle of side sliding was $\beta=10^\circ-17.4^\circ$ (6) In case of running downward with the first set of high speed and collision with an obstacle, the limit of slope angle of the dynamic side overturn was = $12^\circ-17^\circ$ and in case of running upward with the first set of high speed and collision <>f upper wheels with an obstacle, the limit of slope angle of dynamic side overturn collision of upper wheels against an obstacle was $\beta=22^\circ-33^\circ$ at $\alpha=0^\circ -17.4^\circ$, respectively. (7) In case of running up and downward with the first set of high speed and no collision with an obstacle, the limit of slope angle of dynamic side overturn was $\beta=30^\circ-35^\circ$ (8) When the power tiller without implement attached travels up and down on the general slope ground with first set of high speed, the limit of slope angle of dynamic side overturn was $\beta=32^\circ-39^\circ$ in case of no collision with an obstacle, and $\beta=11^\circ-22^\circ$ in case of collision with an obstacle, respectively.

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만곡수로 내의 호안 안정성 연구 (A Study on Stability of Levee Revetment in Meandering Channel)

  • 김수영;윤광석;김형준
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제48권12호
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    • pp.1077-1087
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    • 2015
  • 제방은 홍수가 발생했을 때 하천의 범람을 막아 제내지의 인명, 가옥, 재산 등을 보호하는 중요한 기능을 하는 하천구조물이다. 제방의 붕괴원인은 크게 월류에 의한 붕괴, 침투에 의한 붕괴, 침식에 의한 붕괴로 분류되며, 침식에 의한 붕괴를 방지하기 위하여 호안을 설치한다. 따라서, 이러한 호안의 안정성은 제방 전체의 안정성과 직결되는 중요한 요소이다. 특히, 흐름의 강도가 증가하는 만곡부와 같은 수충부에서는 호안의 안정성이 급격히 저하되므로 이에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 경질성 호안의 수리실험을 통해 만곡수로에 설치된 호안의 취약지점을 파악하였으며 주요 지점의 유속과 수위를 측정하였다. 또한, 동일한 조건으로 3차원 수치해석을 수행하여 실험에서 계측장비의 한계로 확인하기 어려운 흐름특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 제방사면의 전단응력이 크게 산정된 부분과 사석호안이 붕괴된 위치가 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났으며 전단응력은 작으나 붕괴가 발생한 지점에서는 만곡의 영향으로 발생한 2차류에 의해 순환흐름이 발생되어 호안의 붕괴를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 기존의 사석산정공식을 이용하여 사석호안의 규모를 결정하였으며 하도의 평균유속보다 국부적인 최대유속으로 산정하였을 때, 1.5~4.7배 크게 산정되었다. 본 연구를 통해 만곡수로에서는 직선수로에서와는 사석의 규모를 산정하는 방법을 달리해야하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 추후 곡률반경 및 구조물에 대한 영향을 고려하고 대표형상에 대한 가중치를 부여 할 수 있으면 보다 합리적이고 정확한 호안사석의 규모를 결정할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

저선회 모델 연소기의 연소특성 및 선회각도 영향 (Effect of Swirl Angles and Combustion Characteristics of Low Swirl Model Combustor)

  • 정황희;이기만
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.40-49
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구의 목적은 저선회 모델 연소기에서 저선회 연소의 특성을 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 선회각도에 따른 화염의 형상 및 안정화 영역, 배기성능에 대한 평가가 실험적으로 수행되었다. 저선회 연소의 큰 특징은 화염이 부상되어 존재하게 되는데, 이러한 부상화염은 확대유동과 예혼합 화염의 전파특성이 절묘하게 결합되어 발생하게 된다. 본 연소기에서 이러한 부상화염의 특징을 속도 유동장을 통하여 확인하였으며 화염을 가시화하여 나타내었다. 가시화된 화염은 열용량과 당량비에 따라 분류하였다. 선회각도의 변화에 따른 연구를 통해 선회각도만으로도 희박 가연한계를 확장시킬 수 있음을 보였다. 또한 선회각도가 증가할수록 혼합이 향상되고 체류시간이 짧아져 NOx와 CO의 배출이 감소되는 것으로 확인되었다.

유동유체가 흐르는 파이프에 의한 유연 구조물의 진동제어 (Vibration Control of Flexible Structures by using Conveying Fluid Pipe)

  • 류시웅;김건희;공창덕;오경원
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구에서는 유연 외팔 구조물의 내부에 유체를 흐르게 함으로써 구조물의 진동을 억제시키는 방법을 제안한다. 안정성 해석과 동적 응답은 유한 요소법에 기초를 두었다. 근 궤적 선도에 있어서 플러터 한계와 최적 안정화 유속을 결정하였다. 진동의 감쇠를 관찰하기 위하여 모드 중첩법이 사용되었다. 시스템의 내부 흐름에 의한 안정화 효과는 구조물의 내부 감쇠를 무시한 경우와 포함한 경우의 임펄스 응답을 통하여 분석하였다. 내부 흐름은 기체의 경우보다도 액체의 경우가 더 큰 안정화 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻어냈다.

파일롯 화엄에 의해 고정된 관내 예혼합 화염의 진동 특성 (Vibration Characteristics of Lean Premixed Flame Anchored by a Hydrogen Pilot Flame in a Tube)

  • 곽영태;오광철;신현동
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2004
  • Lean laminar premixed propane and methane flames which were anchored by a hydrogen-pilot flame in a tube were investigated experimentally. The flame shapes were observed by varying mean velocity from 10cm/s to 140cm/s and equivalence ratio from 0.45 to 0.8. In this study, behaviors of flames are divided into five regions such as tail-out, flash-back, flickering, stable and vibrating flames with respect to the mean velocity and the equivalence ratio. Although the flames are unstable in both the flickering and the vibrating region, they have different characteristics such as the frequency, sound generation and creation process of flame curvature. The flickering region exists near the flammability limit and the flame flickers in a frequency of about 10Hz. When flame front is bended, the propane flame front is straightened and the methane flame front is bended more by thermo-diffusive instability. In the vibrating region, the flame vibrates emitting audible sound in a frequency of about 100Hz. In the boundary of vibrating region, the vibration of flame changes between two modes such as single frequency vibration and dual frequency vibration. Increase and decrease of vibration in each mode are determined by thermo-acoustic instability.

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Geomechanical analysis of elastic parameters of the solid core of the Earth

  • Guliyev, Hatam H.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2018
  • It follows from the basic principles of mechanics of deformable solids relating to the strength, stability and propagation of elastic waves that the Earth's inner core cannot exist in the form of a spherical structure in the assumed thermobaric conditions and calculation values of physico-mechanical parameters. Pressure level reaches a value that is significantly greater than the theoretical limit of medium strength in the model approximations at the surface of the sphere of the inner core. On the other hand, equilibrium state of the sphere is unstable on the geometric forming at much lower loads under the influence of the "dead" surface loads. In case of the action of "follower" loads, the assumed pressure value on the surface of the sphere is comparable with the value of the critical load of "internal" instability. In these cases, due to the instability of the equilibrium state, propagation of homogeneous deformations becomes uneven in the sphere. Moreover, the elastic waves with actual velocity cannot propagate in such conditions in solid medium. Violation of these fundamental conditions of mechanics required in determining the physical and mechanical properties of the medium should be taken into account in the integrated interpretations of seismic and laboratory (experimental) data. In this case, application of the linear theory of elasticity and elastic waves does not ensure the reliability of results on the structure and composition of the Earth's core despite compliance with the required integral conditions on the mass, moment of inertia and natural oscillations of the Earth.

횡분류(流)(橫噴流)에서 난류 비예흔합 화염의 화염날림에 대한 거대 와(渦)구조 혼합 모텔 적용 (A Large-scale Structural Mixing Model applied to Blowout of Turbulent Nonpremixed Jet Flames in a Cross Jet Flow)

  • 이기만;박정
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2002
  • This article presents an application of a large-scale structural mixing model(Broadwell et at. 1984) to the blowout of turbulent reacting cross flow jets. Experimental observations, therefore, aim to identify the existence of large-scale vortical structure exerting an important effect upon the flame stabilization. In the analysis of common stability curve, it is seen that the phenomenon of blowout are only related to the mixing time scale of the two flows. The most notable observation is that the blowout distance is traced at a fixed positions according to the velocity ratio at all times. Measurements of the lower blowout limits in the liftable flame are qualitatively in agreement with the blowout parameter $\xi$, proposed by Broadwell et al. Good agrement between the results calculated by a modified blowout parameter $\xi$'and the present experimental results confirms the important effect of large-scale structure in the stabilization feature of blowout.

정적 서기 동안 한쪽 또는 양쪽 발목관절 고정이 자세균형에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Unilateral or Bilateral Ankle Immobilization on Postural Balance During Quiet Standing)

  • 한진태
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.56-62
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    • 2022
  • Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle joint immobilization on postural balance during quiet standing. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-seven healthy subject participated in this study. The subjects performed to stand quietly for 30s in eyes open on the platform with three different conditions. The sway length, sway area and sway velocity of center of gravity (COG) displacement and limit of stability (LOS) was measured using the balance platform. Repeated measured ANOVA was used to compare the postural balance parameters depending on three different ankle immobilized conditions. Results: Sway length, sway area and sway velocity of the COG displacement with bilateral ankle immobilized condition was significantly increased compared to those of the other two conditions(p<0.05). All directions of LOS with bilateral ankle immobilized condition were significantly decreased compared to those of the other two conditions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ankle joint immobilization could be one of the factors that interfere the maintaining of the postural balance in quiet standing.

뇌졸중 환자의 정적, 동적 선자세 균형 대칭성과 보행 기능의 상관관계 연구 (A Study on the Correlation between Static, Dynamic Standing Balance Symmetry and Walking Function in Stroke)

  • 김중휘
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The aim of the present study was to measure the standing balance symmetry of stroke patients using a force-plate with computer system, and to investigate the correlation between the standing balance symmetry and that of the walking function in stroke patients. Methods: 48 patients with stroke (34 men, 14 women, $56.8{\pm}11.72$ years old) participated in this study. Static standing balance was evaluated by the weight distribution on the affected and the nonaffected lower limbs, sway path, sway velocity, and sway frequency, which reflected the characteristic of body sway in quiet standing. Dynamic standing balance was evaluated by anteroposterior and mediolateral sway angle, which revealed the limit of stability during voluntary weight displacement. Symmetry index of static standing balance, (SI-SSB) calculated by the ratio of the affected weight distribution for the nonaffected weight distribution, and symmetric index of dynamic standing balance (SI-SDB) by the ratio of the affected sway angle for the nonaffected sway angle. Functional balance assessed by a Berg balance scale (BBS), and the functional walking by 10m walking velocity, as well as the modified motor assessment scale (mMAS). Results: Static balance scales and SI-SSB was the only correlation with BBS (p<0.05). Dynamic balance scales and SI-DSB, not only was correlated with BBS, but also with 10m walking velocity and mMAS (p<0.01). Additionally, there was a significant difference between SI-SSB and that of SI-DSB (p<0.01). Conclusion: The balance and the walking function relate to real life in the stroke showed strong relationships with the dynamic standing balance symmetry in the frontal plane and the ability of anterior voluntary weight displacement in sagittal plane.