• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2010

Partial least square regression (PLSR) was executed on curve data of force-deformation from back extrusion test and sensory data for commercial instant noodles. Sensory attributes considered were hardness (A), springiness (B), roughness (C), adhesiveness to teeth (D), and thickness (E). Eight and two kinds of fried and non-fried instant noodles respectively were used in the tests. Changes in weighted regression coefficients were characterized as three stages: compaction, yielding, and extrusion. Correlation coefficients appeared in the order of E>D>A>B>C, root mean square error of prediction D>C>E>B>A, and relative ability of prediction D>C>E>B>A. Overall, 'D' was the best in the correlation and prediction. 'A' with poor prediction ability but high correlation was considered good when determining the order of magnitude.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigate the limiting distribution of the Ljung-Box test statistic in the unit root AR models with ARCH errors. We show that the limiting distribution is approximately chi-square distribution with the degrees of freedom only depending on the number of autocorrelation lags appearing in the test. Some simulation results are provided for illustration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.895-898
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• 2005

This paper describes a design of LNS-based divider and square-root circuits which are key arithmetic units in graphic processor and digital signal processor. To achive area-efficient and low-power that is an essential consideration for mobile environment, a fixed-point format of 16.16 is adopted instead of conventional floating-point format. The designed divider and square-root units consist of binary-to-logarithm converter, subtractor, logarithm-to-binary converter. The binary to logarithm converter is designed using combinational logic based on six regions approximation method. As a result, gate count reduction is obtained when compared with conventional lookup approack. The designed units is 3,130 gate count and 1,280 gate count. To minimize average percent error 3.8% and 4.2%. error compensation method is employed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.531-538
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• 2022

In Italy, buffalo mozzarella is a largely sold and consumed dairy product. The fraudulent adulteration of buffalo milk with cheaper and more available milk of other species is very frequent. In the present study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in combination with multivariate analysis by partial least square (PLS) regression, was applied to quantitatively detect the adulteration of buffalo milk with cow milk by using a fully automatic equipment dedicated to the routine analysis of the milk composition. To enhance the heterogeneity, cow and buffalo bulk milk was collected for a period of over three years from different dairy farms. A total of 119 samples were used for the analysis to generate 17 different concentrations of buffalo-cow milk mixtures. This procedure was used to enhance variability and to properly randomize the trials. The obtained calibration model showed an R² ≥ 0.99 (R² cal. = 0.99861; root mean square error of cross-validation [RMSEC] = 2.04; R² val. = 0.99803; root mean square error of prediction [RMSEP] = 2.84; root mean square error of cross-validation [RMSECV] = 2.44) suggesting that this method could be successfully applied in the routine analysis of buffalo milk composition, providing rapid screening for possible adulteration with cow's milk at no additional cost.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.1019-1030
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• 2020

Efficient computation of r-th root in 𝔽_q has many applications in computational number theory and many other related areas. We present a new r-th root formula which generalizes Müller's result on square root, and which provides a possible improvement of the Cipolla-Lehmer type algorithms for general case. More precisely, for given r-th power c ∈ 𝔽_q, we show that there exists α ∈ 𝔽_q^r such that $$Tr{\left(\begin{array}{cccc}{{\alpha}^{{\frac{({\sum}_{i=0}^{r-1}\;q^i)-r}{r^2}}}\atop{\text{ }}}\end{array}\right)}^r=c,$$ where $Tr({\alpha})={\alpha}+{\alpha}^q+{\alpha}^{q^2}+{\cdots}+{\alpha}^{q^{r-1}}$ and α is a root of certain irreducible polynomial of degree r over 𝔽_q.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this study, we suggest the method of small area estimation based on the Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) data in producing unemployment statistics for the local self-government areas (LSGAs) within large areas. The small area estimators considered are design-based indirect estimators such as the synthetic and composite estimators. The jackknife mean square error was used as a measure of accuracy of such small area estimators. The total unemployed and jackknife mean square errors of the 10 LSGAs within the large area of ChoongBuk region are derived from the estimation procedure suggested in this study, using EAPS data of December 2000. The reliability of small area estimators was assessed using the relative bias values and relative root mean square errors of these estimators. We find that under the current Korean EAPS system, the composite estimator turns out to be much more stable than other estimators.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 1998

A case study was made on in site vibration velocity data collected for two months in the construction area of the Daeduck cultural City Hall. Taegu The geology over the area shows distributions of weathered and some crack developed hornfels of mud-shale in the upper part, underlain by less weathered and hard compact quartzite. For the period of 2 months of blasting event, the vibration velocities were measured and these data were analysed for K and n for three different period the test period, first month and second month. The data for the test period show that K and n are 2464 and 1.621 with the cube root method, and 7154 and 1.791 with the sqare root one, respectively. The data for the first month collected mostly from blasting in the upper hornfels show that K and n are 1668 and 1,492 for the cube root and 1219 and 1,366 for the square root, respectively. Such a significant decrease in the K and n values from the test period through the first month for the weathered and comparatively well crack developed rocks hard and compact lower quartzite, may be due to difference in attenuation of waves propagating through physically different media. Therefore, for more effective safety design and blasting, it seems that it may be n to adopt appropriate K and n values, with getting lower step by step while proceeding the operation. In the meantime, the attenuation rate of K and n together with SD cross point for the cube and square root methods indicates that the cube root one appears to be more applicable than the square root for this area with limited distance(The maximum is 100m).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2014

Stem and root of Lindera erythrocarpa were described and compared in the wood anatomical aspects. Root wood appeared to differ from stem wood in the qualitative features of growth ring boundary, extraneous materials in vessel element and ray parenchyma cell, outline of ray, and sheath cell. In the quantitative features, there were differences between these two tissues in vessels per square millimeter, tangential diameter of vessel lumina, length of vessel element, and width of ray. These wood anatomical differences between stem above ground and root below ground were thought to be attributed to their different growth environments.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2020

To investigate the motion-induced aeroelastic effects (or aerodynamic feedback effects) on a square cylinder in uniform flow, a series of wind tunnel tests involving the pressure measurement of a rigid model (RM) and simultaneous measurement of the pressure and vibration of an aeroelastic model (AM) have been systematically carried out. More specifically, the aerodynamic feedback effects on the structural responses, on the mean and root-mean-square wind pressures, on the power spectra and coherence functions of wind pressures at selected locations, and on the aerodynamic forces were investigated. The results indicated the vibration in the lock-in range made the shedding vortex more coherent and better organized, and hence presented unfavorable wind-induced effects on the structure. Whereas the vibration in the non-lock-in range generally showed insignificant effects on the flow structures surrounding the square cylinder.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.166-169
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• 2006

Almost all network systems provide an authentication mechanism based on user ID and password. In such system, it is easy to obtain the user password using a sniffer program with illegal eavesdropping. The one-time password and challenge-response method are useful authentication schemes that protect the user passwords against eavesdropping. In client/server environments, the one-time password scheme using time is especially useful because it solves the synchronization problem. In this paper, we present a new identification scheme: OPI(One Pass Identification). The security of OPI is based on the square root problem, and OPI is secure: against the well known attacks including pre-play attack, off-line dictionary attack and server comprise. A number of pass of OPI is one, and OPI processes the password and does not need the key. We think that OPI is excellent for the consuming time to verify the prover.