• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1747-1749
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• 2015

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the major health concerns in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, only a limited number of studies have been reported from this region. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and survival rate of esophageal cancer in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Clinical information, histological features and endoscopic findings were collected from a tertiary care center in central region of Thailand between September 2011- November 2014 and reviewed. Results: A total of 64 esophageal cancer patients including 58 men and 6 women with mean age of 62.6 years were enrolled. Common presenting symptoms were dysphagia (74%), dyspepsia (10%) and hematemesis (8%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 72 days. Esophageal stenosis with contact bleeding was the most common endoscopic finding (55.6%). The location of cancer was found in proximal (16%), middle (50%) and distal (34%) esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma was far more common histology than adenocarcinoma (84.2% vs 10.5%). However, esophageal adenocarcinoma was significantly more common than squamous cell carcinoma in distal area of esophagus (100% vs 22.9%; p=0.0001, OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.2). Esophageal cancer stages 3 and 4 accounted for 35.2% and 59.3% respectively. Overall 2-year survival rate was 20% and only 16% in metastatic patients. Conclusions: Most esophageal cancer patients in Thailand have squamous cell carcinoma and nearly all present at advanced stage with a grave prognosis. Screening of high risk individuals and early detection might be important keys to improve the survival rate and treatment outcome in Thailand.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.422-426
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• 1998

Progressive dysphagia in a 53 year old man was caused by a giant polypoid tumor in the lower intrathoracic esophagus. Radical transthoracic esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy were carried out. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed a true carcinosarcoma, composed of a mixture of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma with multiple cartilagenous productions. Carcinoma metastases were found in the subcarinal and perigastric lymph nodes. Immunohistochemically, squamous area displayed strong positive to cytokeratin, and basaloid area showed positive immunoreaction to high molecular weight cytokeratin (34${\beta}$E12). Spindle cell sarcoma reacted to vimentin and smooth muscle actin. Chondrosarcomatous area reacted to vimentin and S-100 protein. He received postoperative chemotherpy and radiotherapy. He has been free of disease for 11 months.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 1992

We underwent two surgical resection of synchronous primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma after obtaining histologic comfirmation 74-years old male pateint was recieved esophagectomy & total gastrectomy with esophagojejunostomy and 59-years old man was recieved near total esophagectomy and total gastrectomy with esophagocolo-gejunostomy. Their was no postoperative complications. The hospital day was 15 and 21 days postoperatively. All of them started oral intake at 7 days postoperatively and possible soft diet soon. We conclude that total resection of esophagus and stomach is the recommendable methods for prolong the life of double primary cancer patients of esophagus and stomach. Also, the reconstruction of the esophagus with colon or jejunal transposition is one of the recommenable procedure for curative surgical resection of double primary cancer in esophagus and stomach. And we also wish to emphasize the importance of detailed preopertive gastric examination for detect of gastric lesion and of careful intraoperative inspection of the gastric mucosa in patients with esophageal cancer whose preoperative gastric examination provide inconclusive evidence due to the severe esophageal stenosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.1 s.246
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• pp.76-79
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• 2005

The coexistence of mesenchymal tumor and carcinoma in the esophagus is extremely rare. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma located at the mucosal surface over leiomyoma of the esophagus. A 76-year-old man with complaints of 3 months onset of odynophagia was diagnosed preoperatively as squamous cell carcinoma over submucosal tumor with calcification. Esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy were performed through the right thoracotomy and upper median laparotomy. The patient is doing well without evidence of recurrence in the 25 months after resection. We discuss the pathogenesis and possible relations between the two tumors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.856-862
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• 1988

The survival rate after resectional operation for carcinoma of the esophagus is still very low and many factors contribute to these poor results. We analyze the clinical results of 56 operated patients among 62 esophageal cancer patients between March, 1974 and July, 1988. Among the 62 patients, 52 patients were squamous cell carcinoma and 8 were adenocarcinoma, one was leiomyosarcoma and one was adenosquamous cell carcinoma. The classification of esophageal cancer was based on TNM classification of American Joint Committee on cancer". Among the operated patients, stage I was 5[9.6%], stage II was 13[25%], stage III was 26[50%], stage IV was 8[15.4%]. And its one year survival rate was 80%, 69%, 11.5%, 0% for each stages. The rate of resectability was 30.3% and resection of esophagus with esophagogastrostomy and extended lymph node dissection was performed on 17 patients without distant metastasis or adjacent organ invasion. Substernal esophago-colono-gastrostomy, Celestine tube insertion and feeding gastrostomy was performed on remained 39 patients. The analysis of postoperative survival duration revealed the superiority of esophagectomy with extended lymph node dissection over other palliative operation. [1 year survival rate: 79% versus 21%] We concluded that the survival rate of esophageal resection with lymph node dissection group was superior to nonresective palliative operation group. And transthoracic approach was superior to extrathoracic approach in involved lymph node dissection and esophageal resection in locally invaded cases.ases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 1991

Supraclavicular lymph nodes are unique in that they can attract metastases from almost anywhere in the body and most common sites of metastasis from an unknown primary source. 125 cases which had been diagnosed as metastatic supraclavicular lymph node during the period between May 1983 and August 1991, were analysed pathologically, and the following distinctive characteristics could be outlined : 1) The most frequent sites of metastasis from primary lesions are lunge(43%), stomach(23%), lymphoreticular(6%), biliary(5%), esophagus(2%), and pancreas(2%). 2) Histologic examination of metastatic supraclavicular lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma(57%), squamous cell carcinoma(12%), undifferentiated carcinoma(9%), small cell carcinoma(7%), malignant lymphoma(6%), malignant melanoma(1%) and undetermined carcinoma(8%). 3) In cases that histologic type was adenocarcinoma, the most frequent primary sites were stomach(38%), lung(27%) and biliary(8%). 4) In cases that histologic types were squamous cell caricinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and undetermined carcinoma, the most frequent primary site was lung.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3491-3497
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• 2013

Background: Gastric and esophageal cancers are among the most lethal human malignancies worldwide. Of all malignancies estimated in Iran (47,100), gastric and esophageal cancers were responsible for 7,800 and 3,500 deaths in 2008 respectively. The present study aimed to provide an image of patho-epidemiological characteristics with their trends during two past decades with emphasis on topographic, morphologic, and some demographic features. Materials and Methods: In a hospital-based retrospective study in 2009, all pathological reports from esophageal endoscopies and gastric biopsies through a 20 years period (1989-2008) were collected and analyzed in four interval periods(five years each). Also, all eligible samples in hospital archives were enrolled for further testing. Besides, demography, topography and morphology of all samples were determined and analyzed by statistical software. Results: No significant statistical difference was seen in frequency of espohageal and gastric tumors throughout the study. Esophageal cancer cases were older than gastric. Sex ratio was 2.33/1 and men had a higher rate of both esophageal and gastric tumors. Stomach cancer included 64.3% of all cases. Inferior third and end of esophagus were common locations for esophageal tumors whereas proximal stomach was common for gastric tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were common morphological types of tumors in esophagus and stomach respectively. Conclusions: Morphological trends showed an increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma and diffuse/intestinal ratio in stomach cancers. Trends in incidence from gastric cancer decreased based on topographic studies but we could not find a topographical trend toward cadia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2009

Verrucous carcinoma is a distinctive form of low-grade squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor has an exophytic, cauliflower-like appearance, and usually occurs in males and tends to affect individuals over 60 years of age. It typically involves the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus and skin. Most intraoral cases involve the mandibular vestibule, the buccal mucosa and the hard palate. The cause is unknown, but most verrucous carcinomas arise from the oral mucosa in people who chronically use chewing tobacco or snuff. The treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma remains controversial. Whenever possible, surgically total excision and skin or mucosal grafting is recommended. After total excision of huge verrucous carcinoma,instead of dermal or mucosal grafting, we used artificial dermis silicone membrane. We had a good result without recurrence and present this case.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2023

Globally, esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer, and the male-to-female ratio in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is significantly imbalanced at 4:1 to 8:1. Obesity, reflux, and smoking are known risk factors for this sex difference; however, fully explaining this remains challenging. Studies have investigated the link between exogenous sex hormones and esophageal cancer occurrence. A meta-analysis revealed a lower risk of EAC in female who had undergone hormone replacement therapy. Androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer was associated with a decreased risk of EAC. Tissue-based studies have reported varied results regarding the relationship between estrogen receptor expression and survival in female patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Circulating hormone studies have suggested that higher testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels decreased EAC risk in men, and free testosterone was inversely correlated in female with ESCC. However, a high androgen-estrogen ratio in male patients with EAC was linked to increased odds of EAC. Sex hormones influence carcinogenesis, affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, inflammation, and cell death. The studies were limited by the small sample size and varying hormone measurement methods; thus, future studies with definitive conclusions on the association between esophageal cancer and sex hormones are warranted.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 2000

Advanced esophageal carcinoma which invades into adjacent organs are classified as T4 esophageal cancer,. Its complete resection without residual tumor would be difficult. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy and combined modality therapy are being tried to improve survival in patients with T4 esophageal carcinoma. In a 74-year-old man a 6cm squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with invasion of the thoracic aorta was detected (T4). After neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy the patient was operated on using bio-pump with aorto-femoral cannulation. The invased segment of descending aorta was resected and reconstructed with a graft. The tumor was resected and EG anastomosis was done. The postoperative period was uneventful the patient was discharged after good condition and has been well to now.