• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1977

In order to investigate the changes of free amino acids during the differentiation and development of young spike in naked barley, a typical spring grain, Wanju, and two winter grains, Sedohadaka and Nonsankwa No. 1-6 differing in their spring habits, were analyzed at different growth stages by thin layer chromatography. In all the varieties 22 ninhydrin positive components were detected at the sowing time of March 5 and 20 components in the sowing plots of March 30. In case of the latter plot, β-alanine was identified only in both Wanju and Sedohadaka, whereas pipecolic acid was detected only in Nonsankwa No. 1-6. Particularly, it is interesting that β-alanine was observed only in the case showing the normal heading independent of the varieties and sowing times. Whether these components are directly related to the physiology of spring habits in barley or not is also a question to be answered. Of the major amino acids, alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid were always detected in appreciably large spots, and serine, leucine, aspartic acid, valine and asparagine were somewhat larger. In the plot of march 30, glutamic acid was also detected in very large spot in both Wanju and Sedohadaka at the stage of spikelet differentiation and in Nonsankwa No. 1-6 at the stage of bract differentiation. Histidine, which showed the only qualitative difference among the varieties during seed germination, cannot be observed at all. Proline observed considerably large spot during seed germination was always detected but very small except that it was observed in large spot at the stage of floret differentiation in Nonsankwa No. 1-6 in the plot of March 5.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임간지(林間地)(차광정도(遮光程度) 50%)에서 춘파초지(春播草地) 개량(改良) 가능성(可能性)을 나지(裸地)(자연광(自然光) 조건(條件))와 병행하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하고자 파종시기(播種時期)를 3월(月) 20일(日)과 4월(月) 10일(日)로 하여 출현(出現), 식생피복도(植生被覆度), 목초율(牧草率), 잡초율(雜草率), 근중(根重) 및 수량(收量) 등과 주요(主要) 미기상(微氣象)을 1984년도(年度) 수원(水原) 축산시험장(畜産試驗場)에서 동시에 조사(調査)하였던 바 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1 파종후(播種後)부터 생육초기(生育初期)에는 나지초지(裸地草地) 임간초지(林間草地)에 비해 유리(有利)한 환경조건(環境條件)이었으나 그 후의 생육(生育)은 임간초지(林間草地)에서 더 유리(有利)하였다. 특(特)히 한발(旱魃) 및 고온기간중(高溫期間中) 임간초지(林間草地)는 지표온도(地表溫度) $6{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, 지중온도(地中溫度) $3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$의 저하효과(低下效果)와 함께 토양수분(土壤水分)을 계속하여 높게 유지(維持)시켜 주었다. 2. 3월(月) 20일(日) 파종구(播種區)에서 목초(牧草)의 출현(出現)은 나지초지(裸地草地)가 임간초지(林間草地)에 비해 8일(日)정도 빨랐으나 4월(月) 10일(日) 파종구(播種區)는 차이가 없었다. 3. 임간지(林間地) 목초(牧草)는 나지(裸地)에 비해 초형(草型)은 부복특성(俯伏特性)을 보여 주었으며 엽상태(葉狀態)는 약간 불량(不良)하였다. 4. 예취시(刈取時) 임간초지(林間草地)의 목초율(牧草率) $80{\sim}85%$로 높았으나, 나지초지(裸地草地)는 $15{\sim}20%$로 낮았으며, 목초율(牧草率) 파종시기(播種時期)가 빠를 때 높은 경향이었다. 5. 근중(根重) 및 근장(根長) 등 목초(牧草)의 뿌리 발육상태(發育狀態)는 임간초지(林間草地)가 나지초지(裸地草地)에 비해 불량(不良)하였으며(P<0.05), 파종시기별(播種時期別) 차이는 없었다. 6. 3회(回) 예취(刈取)한 목초(牧草)의 건물수량(乾物收量)은 임간초지(林間草地)가 나지초지(裸地草地)에 비해 뚜렷한 증가를 보였으며(P<0.05). 파종시기(播種時期)가 빠를 때 수량(收量)은 많아 임간초지(林間草地)의 3월(月) 20일(日) 파종구(播種區)의 총건물수량總(乾物收量)은 401.1kg/10a으로 양호(良好)하였다. 7. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로서 임간지(林間地)에서 춘파(春播)에 의한 초지개량(草地改良)은 충분한 가능성(可能性)이 있으며, 가능하면 3월(月) 중하순(中下旬)으로 일찍 파종(播種)하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.239-245
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• 1993

Xinjiang locates on the Middle Eurasia. Droaght features Xinjiang's climate , especially during the spring sowing season. Therefore, efficiency irrigation system is indispensable to Xinjiang farming. Furrow orborder irrigation system has replaced flooding irrigation. In farmland , new irrigation methods have been developed and introduced to more fields. This article introduce tow sowing machines for new irrigation methods. (1) Furrow or border grain drill : (2) On-firm irrigation drill.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2011

Co-incorporation of Leguminosae with Gramineae could reduce the risk of nitrogen starvation phenomena caused by appling green manure of Gramineae alone. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of mixed sowing of hairy vetch and rye seeds on soil quality in mountainous highland. Mixed sowing of hairy vetch and rye increased the yield of green manure and nutrients compared with those for sowing of hairy vetch or rye alone. The yield of green manure from row seeding was $5.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ compared with $4.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for broadcast seeding. Incorporation of the two green manure crops increased yield of red-bean by 58~92% as compared with yield for incorporation of rye alone. The results obtained in the study imply that mixed sowing of hairy vetch and rye can solve the problem of low emergence of hairy vetch in spring and high C/N ratio and rough incorporation of rye, in addition to increase in yield of green manure.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.144-144
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• 2022

The amount of required forage is increasing by 20% every year in South Korea, but the cultivation area for forage production is limited. The yield ability of triticale forage is the highest among the winter forage crops including rye and the crop has cold tolerance within the average low temperature of -10℃ in January. Therefore, this study analyzed effects of sowing and harvesting times on feed value and quality for efficiently using and supplying triticale as livestock feed. Seed of the triticales, 'Joseong' was sown in 2021 fall (October) and 2022 spring (March). The triticales were harvested according to growth stages: seedling stage, booting stage, heading stage, 10 days after heading, and 20 days after heading. Moisture contents of each harvested triticales were adjusted to about 60%, and then the triticales were fermented for 40 days at room temperature under anaerobic conditions as silage. We have analyzed pH and organic acid to determine the feed value and quality of each silage. The contents of lactic acid in silage ofthe triticale harvested at the seedling stage of both fall and spring-sown (1.61%, 1.63%) were the highest among all of the silages; the booting stage (0.75%, 1.33%), the heading stage (0.50%, 0.69%), 10 days after the heading stage (0.31%, 0.42%), and 20 days after heading stage (0.22%, 0.40%). Such as the contents of lactic acid in the silages, and the pH value of the silages The pH value in both the fall- and spring-sown became lower as the triticale was grown up: seedling stage (7.05, 6.85), booting stage (6.21, 6.75), heading stage (6.18, 6.28), 10 days after heading stage (6.22, 6.17), and 20 days after heading stage (6.15, 5.81). Taken together, the results showed that the feed value and quality of triticale silage were more affected by harvesting time than sowing time.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate seeding dates by verifying the difference in winter survival and productivity of alfalfa according to fall sowing dates in the central area of South Korea. The experiment was conducted for 2 years (2020 and 2021) at the field in the Department of Animal Resources Development, NIAS located in Cheonan. Sowing dates started from September 18 to November 8 with 10 days of intervals during 2020 and 2021; SO1 (September 18), SO2 (September 28), SO3 (October 8), SO4 (October 18), SO5 (October 28), and SO6 (November 8). After sowing, the winter survival rate was measured in the spring of the following year, and the dry matter yield was measured by harvesting at 10% flowering and harvesting five times a year. SO6 failed to winter survival, and SO5 also had a lower winter survival rate than SO1~4 (p<0.05). The average annual dry matter yield of alfalfa linearly decreased with delaying sowing dates (p<0.05). The feed value did not differ in the same year by delaying the sowing date in the same year. These results suggest that sowing date should be started before October 18 to increase winter survival and productivity of alfalfa in the central area of South Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1981

In reviewing of the literature concerning agronomic practices on intensive pasture establishment the following suggestions were made : (1) The seedbed preparation should be involved physical manipulation of the soil tilth and consolidation of the soil by harrows and heavy roller. (2) In terms of methods of sowing, drilling favours the first and broadcasting the second however, the apparent superiority of band sowing over the above conventional methods is to reduce the direct toxic chemical effects from fertilizers to germinating seeds. (3) The most satisfactory seeding depth for grasses and legumes is commonly agreed to be approximately 1.3cm and seeding depth greater than 2.5cm seems to be generally detrimental. (4) Autumn and spring are most common sowing periods for grasses and legumes, however, early autumn being the most generally favoured, particularly in areas not subject to severe winter kill. (5) Select nurse crop species or cultivars which make Bess demands on light, nutrients and water, and lower seed rates should be used. (6) Seeding mixtures should be simple rather than complex and aggressive species should be included to a minor extent.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2005년도 International Symposium & conference of the Plant Resources Society of Korea
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• pp.115-116
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• 2005

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2005년도 International Symposium & conference of the Plant Resources Society of Korea
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• pp.113-114
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• 2005

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2017

개미가 종자를 분산시키는 춘계단명식물 깽깽이풀과 현호색의 전파체 특성, 종자분산 및 발아특성을 밝히고자, 2014년 4월부터 2015년 6월까지 열매 수집, 전파체의 전처리에 따른 포장발아율을 조사하였다. 깽깽이풀의 전파체는 5mm 정도의 황갈~암갈색의 장타원형 종자에 부정형의 백색 지방체가 붙어 있고, 전파체는 15.86mg, 종자는 13.46mg, 지방체는 2.40mg 등의 평균값을 보였으며 지방체의 중량비는 15.13% 였다. 현호색 전파체는 지름이 1.2mm 정도의 광택이 나는 검은색 난형의 종자에 주걱형의 백색 지방체가 붙어 있고, 전파체는 2.58mg, 종자는 2.05mg, 지방체는 0.53mg 등의 평균값을 보였으며, 지방체의 중량비는 20.54% 였다. 털왕개미와 곰개미가 깽깽이풀 전파체를 물어가고, 곰개미와 고동털개미가 현호색 전파체를 물어갔다. 깽깽이풀의 발아율은 지방체 제거 유무에 무관하며, 전처리와 파종 시기 간에는 1% 유의수준에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 6월 20일에 파종에서, 깽깽이풀은 평균 발아율은 65%, 8월 19일 파종에서는 17.50%, 10월 20일 파종에서는 전혀 발아하지 않았다. 현호색의 발아율은 지방체 제거 유무간에 5%, 파종시기 간에는 1% 유의수준에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 무처리구에서 평균 54.17%가 발아하였고, 지방체를 제거한 처리구에서 평균 35.0%가 발아하였다. 6월 20일에 파종에서 발아율은 75%, 8월 19일 파종에서 53.75%, 10월 20일 파종에서 5.0%가 발아하였다. 개미가 종자를 분산시키는 춘계단명 식물종의 발아는 성숙하여 종자가 낙하하는 시기에 개미들이 개미집으로 부지런히 물어가는 것을 고려할 때 채종 후 곧바로 파종하는 것이 이들 식물종들이 진화해온 특성에 적합한 방법이며, 가장 높은 발아율을 확보할 수 있는 방법이라 판단된다. 개미가 종자를 분산시키는 춘계단명 식물종들은 개미와의 상리공생을 위하여 지방체를 생산하여 종자에 부착하고, 개미에 의하여 적온 적습한 환경조건, 개미집,으로 이동되어 배가 충분히 자라서 이듬해 봄에 발아에 성공하는 것이라 판단된다.