Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2017.31.6.485

Diaspore, seed dispersion and seed germination characteristics of two myrmecochrous spring ephemerals -Jeffersonia dubia and Corydalis remota-  

Kim, Hoi-Jin (Graduate school, Kangwon National University)
Kim, Gab-Tae (Department of Forest Sciences, Sangji University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology / v.31, no.6, 2017 , pp. 485-491 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study examined the germination characteristics by collecting fruits and pretreatment of the diaspore from April 2014 to June 2015 to investigate the diaspore characteristics, seed dispersion, and seed germination characteristics of two myrmecochorous spring ephemerals (MCSE): -Jeffersonia dubia (Jb) and Corydalis remota (Cr)-. The diaspore of Jb was about 5mm-long yellow-dark brown, oblong seeds with the attached amorphous white elaiosome. The mean weights of diaspore, seed, and elaiosome were 15.86mg, 13.46mg, and 2.40mg, respectively, and the elaiosome ratio was 15.13%. The diaspore of Cr was about 1.2mm diameter and glossy black ovoid seeds with the attached white spatula-shaped elaiosome. The mean weights of diaspore, seed, and elaisome were 2.58mg, 2.05mg, and 0.53mg, respectively, and the elaiosome ratio was 20.54%. Camponotus niponensis and Formica japonica transported the diaspore of Jb while Formica japonica and Lasius japonicus transported the diaspore of Cr. The germination percentage of Jb seeds was statistically significant and had the significance level of 1% with the pretreatment and date of sowing. However, it was independent of attachment of elaiosome. The mean germination percentages of Jb seeds was 65.0% during sowing on June 20, 17.5% during sowing on August 19, and 0% during sowing on October 20. The germination percentage of Cr was statistically significant and had the significance level of 5% and 1% with the attachment of elaisome and date of sowing, respectively. The mean germination rates were 54.17% and 35.0% in the non-treatment section and the treatment section with elaisome detached, respectively. The mean germination percentages of Cr seeds was 75.0% during sowing on June 20, 53.75% during sowing on August 19, and 5.0% during sowing on October 20. Considering the fact that the ants transported the diaspores to the ant house when the fruits of MCSE were ripened and dropped the seeds, the direct seeding right after collecting may be most suitable to the characteristics of the evolution of these plant species and may be the best method to obtain the highest germination percentages. Since the ants distribute their seeds, the MCSE produces and attaches the elaiosome to the seed to maintain the symbiotic relationship with ants. The ants then transport the seed to the ant house where the environment is controlled for suitable temperature and humidity, and then the MCSE succeeds in germination after the embryo grows sufficiently in the next spring.
Keywords
Jeffersonia dubia; Corydalis remota; CAFETERIA EXPERIMENT; AFTER RIPENING EMBRYO;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Beattie, A.J.(1985) The Evolutionary Ecology of Ant-Plant Mutualism. Cambridge Univ. Press. New York, USA. 182pp
2 Christian, Caroline E. and Maureen L. Stanton. 2004. Crytic consequences of a dispersal mutualism: seed burial elaiosome removal, and seed-bank dynamics. Ecology 85:1101-1110.   DOI
3 Chung, J.D. and H.Y. Kim. 2001 Effects of storage condition and duration on seed germination of several native ornamental plants. Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology V: 59-69.
4 Fischer, R.C., V. Mayer, A. Richter, F. Hadacek and V. Mayer(2008) Chemical differences between seeds and elaiosomes indicate an adaptation to nutritional needs of ants. Oecologia 155: 539-547.   DOI
5 Garrido, J.L., P.J. Rey and C.M. Herrera(2009) Influence of elaiosome on postdispersal dynamics of an ant-dispersed plant. Acta Oecologica 35: 393-399.   DOI
6 Gorb, E. and S. Gorb(2003) Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem: Mechanisms, Strategies, Adaptations. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 225p
7 Guitian, J. and J.L. Garrido. 2006. Is early flowering in myrmecochorous plants an adaptation for ant dispersal? Plant Species Biology 21: 165-171.   DOI
8 Jo, M.Y. 2015. A Study on the Habitat Characteristics and Seed Dispersion of Jeffersonia dubia. MS Thesis Sangji University. 52pp.
9 Kim, G.T.(2014) A study on the ant's selection of the diaspores of four Corydalis Species. Korean Journal of Enviroment and Ecology 28(5): 495-499.   DOI
10 Kim, G.T.(2011) A study on the myrmecochorous plant species and their diaspore characteristics in middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Korean Journal of Enviroment and Ecology 25(5):685-690.
11 Kim, H.Y. and J.D. Chung 2001 Effects of $GA_3$, Moist-Chilling Storage and Removal of Funiculus on the Germination of Dicentra spectabilis. Korean Journal of Horticulural Science and Technology. 19(1): 78-80.
12 Kondo, T., T. Miura, N. Okubo, M. Shimata, C. Baskin and J. Baskin(2004) Ecophysiology of deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Gagea lutea(Liliaceae). Seed Science Reserch 14(4): 371-378.   DOI
13 Lee, S.Y., Y.H. Rhie1, Y.J. Kim and K.S. Kim(2012). Morphological and morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of several spring ephemerals native to Korea. Flower Research Journal 20(4):193-199.   DOI
14 Lim, H.S., J.S. Kim and J.S. Eun. 2010. Effects of Chemicals on the Germination Rate of Seed in Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis L.). Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences Volume 41(1):25-30.
15 Lobstein, M.B. and L.L. Rockwood(1993) Influence of elaiosome removal on germination in five ant-dispersed plant species. Virginia Journal of Science 44(1): 59-72.
16 Moreau, C.S., C.D. Bell, R. Vila, S.B. Achivald and N.E. Pierce(2006) Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science 312: 101-104.   DOI
17 Nomizu, T., Y. Niimi, and E. Watanabe. 2004. Embryo development and seed germination of Hepatica nobilis Schreber var. japonica as affected by temperature after sowing. Scientia Hort. 99:345-352.   DOI
18 Ohkawara, K. 2005. Effects of timing of elaiosome removal on seed germination in the ant-dispersed plants, Erythronium japonicum(Liliaceae). Plant Species Biology 20: 145-148.   DOI
19 Rhie, Y.H. 2014. Seed dormancy and germination of Jeffersonia dubia in relation to temperature, hormone levels, and cell wall polysaccharides. Phd Dissertation. Seoul National University. 104pp.
20 Peters, M., Oberrath, R. and K. Bohning-Gaese. 2003. Seed dispersal by ants: are seed preferences influenced by foraging strategies or historical constraints? Floral 198: 413-420.   DOI
21 Rico-Gray, V. and P.S. Oliveira(2007) The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions. the Univ. of Chicago Press. Chicago, USA. 331pp.
22 Vandelook, F. and J.A. Van Assche. 2009. Temperature conditions control embryo growth and seed germination of Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv., a temperate forest spring geophyte. Plant Biol. 11:889-906.