• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

신생아 간농양은 특별한 증상이 발현되지 않거나 비특이적인 증상 때문에 진단이 늦어지는 경우가 많다. 항생제의 사용에도 불구하고 염증 반응이 지속되며 복부증상이 함께 나타나는 경우, 주산기 산모의 심한 감염, 융모양막염 등의 선행인자가 있고, 제대혈관 도관과 관련된 패혈증이 있는 경우에는 간농양의 가능성을 고려해야 한다. 저자들은 생후 9일된 미숙아에서 제대정맥 도관과 함께 산모의 폐렴 및 심한 융모양막염이 선행요인이 되어, 단일성 간농양이 발생한 진단된 사례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.1658-1664
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• 2007

OFDM 시스템은 고속 데이터 전송 능력 및 효율적인 주파수 대역 이용 특성 때문에 그 활용 가능성이 날로 커지고 있다. 그러나 OFDM 시스템은 고속 이동시 도플러 주파수 확산에 민감한 특성을 보이는데 도플러 영향정도에 따라 직교성 상실에 의한 반송파 간섭 및 전체적인 시스템 잡음의 증가를 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 시스템에서의 이러한 도플러 영향을 분석하기 위하여 도플러 확산 모델 및 그 정도에 따른 시스템 성능의 열화정도를 분석하였다. 특히 본 논문에서는 비교적 간단한 송신 및 수신 다이버시티 적용 시스템에서의 도플러 영향에 의한 성능열화 정도를 분석하였다. 이러한 열화 현상은 송수신 다이버시티 구조에 따라 달라지는데 일반적으로 비교적 간단히 구현할 수 있는 2개의 송신 및 수신안테나를 쓰는 경우와 2개의 송신 안테나 다이버시티 기법만을 적용한 경우, 그리고 다이버시티 기법을 적용하지 않았을 때의 시스템 성능에 관하여 비교하고 분석하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.816-823
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• 2022

The rapid spread of superbugs leads to the escalation of infectious diseases, which threatens public health. Endolysins derived from bacteriophages are spotlighted as promising alternative antibiotics against multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we isolated and characterized the novel Salmonella typhimurium phage PBST08. Bioinformatics analysis of the PBST08 genome revealed putative endolysin ST01 with a lysozyme-like domain. Since the lytic activity of the purified ST01 was minor, probably owing to the outer membrane, which blocks accessibility to peptidoglycan, antimicrobial peptide cecropin A (CecA) was fused to the N-terminus of ST01 to disrupt the outer membrane. The resulting CecA::ST01 has been shown to have increased bactericidal activity against gram-negative pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae and the most affected target was A. baumannii. In the presence of 0.25 µM CecA::ST01, A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain was completely killed and CCARM 12026 strain was wiped out by 0.5 µM CecA::ST01, which is a clinical isolate of A. baumannii and resistant to multiple drugs including carbapenem. Moreover, the larvae of Galleria mellonella could be rescued up to 58% or 49% by the administration of CecA::ST01 upon infection by A. baumannii 17978 or CCARM 12026 strain. Finally, the antibacterial activity of CecA::ST01 was verified using 31 strains of five gram-negative pathogens by evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration. Thus, the results indicate that a fusion of antimicrobial peptide to endolysin can enhance antibacterial activity and the spectrum of endolysin where multi-drug resistant gram-negative pathogens can be efficiently controlled.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

This study introduces novel research using Practice Context Models supported by Knowledge Networks and Percolation Theory with the aim to contribute to knowledge management in Proof-of-Concept (PoC) activities. The authors envision this proposal as a potential instrument to identify network structures based on a percolation (propagation) threshold and to analyze the importance of nodes (e.g., practitioners, practices, competencies, movements, and scenarios) during the percolation of knowledge in PoC activities. After thirty months immersed in the natural PoC habitat, acting as observers and practitioners, and supported by an ethnographic exercise and a designer-research mindset, the authors identified the production of meaning in PoC activities occurring in a hermeneutic circle characterized by the presence of several knowledge networks; thus, discovering the 'natural knowledge' in PoC as a spectrum of cognitive development spread throughout its network, as each node could produce and disseminate certain knowledge that flows and influences other nodes. Therefore, this research presents the use of Practice Context Models 'connected' to Knowledge Networks and Percolation Theory as a potential and feasible proposal to be built using the attribution of values (weights) to the nodes (e.g., practitioners, practices, competencies, movements, scenarios, and also knowledge) in the context of PoC with the aim to allow the players (e.g., PoC practitioners) to have more flexibility in building alliances with other players (new nodes); that is, focusing on those nodes with higher value (focus on quality) in collaboration networks, i.e., alliances (connections) with the aim to contribute to knowledge management in the context of PoC.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2022

단거리와 달리 장거리 수중 음향 통신에서는 전파 손실을 최소화하기 위해 저주파 신호와 심해 음파 채널을 사용한다. 이 경우 대역 확산과 같은 은밀 통신 기법을 이용하더라도 통신 사실을 숨기기 어려우며, 통신 신호가 탐지 신호처럼 작용하므로 감청기에 수중 운동체의 존재가 노출될 수 있다. 수중 운동체의 경우 은밀성 유지가 매우 중요하므로, 감청기가 통신 신호를 이용하여 아군 수중 운동체를 탐지할 가능성을 반드시 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 수중 운동체의 피탐지 성능 분석을 위한 장거리 수중 음향 통신 환경을 모델링하고, 피탐지 성능 분석을 위한 관심영역 설정 방법과 평가 척도를 제안하였다. 전산 모의 실험을 통해 파라미터를 산출하고, 관심영역에서 피탐지 확률 분석 및 피탐지 성능 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과는 제안된 수중 운동체의 피탐지 성능 분석 방법이 장거리 수중 통신 장비의 운용에 있어 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2023

Antibiotics either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. However, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are difficult to treat with antibiotics. Infections caused by such bacteria often lead to severe diseases. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) can be horizontally transmitted across different bacterial species, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of how ARGs spread across various environments. In this study, we analyzed the plasmid sequences of 33 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from pigs, farms, and their owners. We conducted an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) with aztreonam and seven other antibiotics, as well as whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the strains using MinION. Our results demonstrated that the plasmids that did not harbor ARGs were mostly non-conjugative, whereas the plasmids that harbored ARGs were conjugative. The arrangement of these ARGs exhibited a pattern of organization featuring a series of ARG cassettes, some of which were identical across the isolates collected from different sources. Therefore, this study suggests that the sets of ARG cassettes on plasmids were mostly shared between pigs and their owners. Hence, enhanced surveillance of ARG should be implemented in farm environments to proactively mitigate the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 2차원 바코드를 이용한 오디오 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 삽입되는 워터마크 정보로는 2차원 바코드인 QR 코드를 변형하여 이용하였다. 2차원 바코드가 1차원 바코드에 비하여 많은 정보를 표현할 수 있고, 코드자체가 에러 보정능력을 내재하고 있는 장점을 이용하여 워터마킹 알고리즘의 견고성을 높였다. 또한 부분적인 워터마크 정보의 손실에 대응하기 위하여 직교코드를 이용하여 삽입대역을 확산했으며, 삽입강도 0.7에서 50dB 이상의 우수한 품질을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 이미지의 선에 대하여 워터마크 정보를 삽입 및 추출하는 기술을 제안한다. 기존의 워터마킹 기술이 이미지의 픽셀 밝기값을 이용하는 것과 달리 제안된 알고리즘은 이미지의 곡선들을 B-스프라인 곡선으로 모델화하여 B-스프라인 제어점을 추출하고 이를 주파수 영역으로 변환하여 워터마크를 삽입한다. 제어점에 Delaunay 삼각화를 적용하여 메시를 생성하고, 메시-스펙트럼 분석을 통하여 주파수 영역의 메시-스펙트럼 계수를 계산한다. 워터마크는 이 계수의 중간 주파수 성분에 스프레드 스펙트럼 방식으로 삽입한다. 워터마크가 삽입된 계수를 메시-스펙트럼 역변환을 통하여 제어점을 계산하고 이를 통하여 워터마크가 삽입된 B-스프라인 곡선을 재구성할 수 있다. 삽입된 워터마크는 원본 선 이미지를 사용하여 검출이 이루어진다. 먼저 대상 선 이미지를 B-스프라인 모델화하고 곡선의 굴곡점을 이용하여 원본 선 이미지와 동기화를 수행한다. 동기화된 이미지에서 워터마크 삽입과정과 같이 메시-스펙트럼 계수를 추출하고 원본 메시-스펙트럼 계수와의 차이값을 계산하여 워터마크를 추출한다. 마지막으로 랜덤 워터마크와 추정된 워터마크의 상관 계수를 계산하여 삽입된 워터마크를 확인할 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 워터마킹 알고리즘이 기존 알고리즘보다 기하학적 공격과 프린트-스캔 공격에 강인함을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.402-413
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• 2001

Food safety is a term broadly applied to food quality that may adversely affect human health. These include zoonotic diseases and acute and chronic effects of ingesting natural and human-made xenobiotics. There are two major areas of concern over the presence of residues of antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuffs with regard to human health. The first is allergic reactions. Some antibiotics, such as penicillins can evoke allergic reactions even though small amounts of them are ingested or exposed by parenteral routes. The second is development of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria of human. Recently multi-resistant pneumococcal, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and gram negative bacteria with extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases have spread all over the world, and are now a serious therapeutic problem in human. Although it is evident that drugs are required in the efficient production of meat, milk and eggs, their indiscriminate use should never be substituted for hygienic management of farm. Drug should be used only when they are required. In addition to veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants that were contaminated in feed, water and air can make residues in animal products. Mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals derived from industries can be harmful both to animal and human health. Most of organic contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, and metals are persistent in environment and biological organisms and can be accumulated in fat and hard tissues. Some of them are suspected to have endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunodepressive and nervous effects. The governmental agencies concerned make efforts to prevent residue problems; approval of drugs including withdrawal times of each preparation of drugs, establishment of tolerances, guidelines regarding drug use and sanitation enforcement of livestock products. National residue program is conducted to audit the status of the chemical residues in foods. Recently HACCP has been introduced to promote food safety from farm to table by reducing hazardous biological, chemical and physical factors. Animal Production Food Safety Program, Quality Assurance Programs, Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank are para- or non-governmental activities ensuring food safety. This topic will cover classification and usage or sources of chemical residues, their adverse effects, and chemical residue status of some countries. Issues are expanded to residue detection methodologies, toxicological and pharmacokinetic backgrounds of MRL and withdrawal time establishments, and the importance of non-governmental activities with regard to reducing chemical residues in food.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.661-676
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• 2000

Gingivitis and periodontitis are infectious diseases in that microorganisms are the primary extrinsic cause of the diseases. the occurrence of gingivitis has been associated clearly with the presence of microorganisms at the disease site, and the histologic nature of the tissue involved is indicative of an inflammatory response induced by microorganisms. additional evidence for the microbial etiology of periodontal disease is that numerous antimicrobial agents are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and periodontal diseases. the purpose of this article is to analyze the antimicrobial effects of Pulsatilla koreana. Well-dried Pulsatilla koreana purchased from herbs distributor was ground and extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform($CHCl_3$) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH). we have then applied each solution to the bacteria samples(Bacteroides forsythus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphylomonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces viscosus, Prevotella nigrescens , Rothia dentocariosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) collected from several organizations. To conduct susceptibility test(Kirby-Bauer method), plate contained each periodontopathic bacteria is spread extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform($CHCl_3$) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH) and to measure the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the bacteria against the solutions to ultimately determine antimicrobial effects of the solutions, insert bacteria sample into $20{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$, $10{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$, $5{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$, $2.5{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$ of each solution and control group(not contained solution) 1. Solution extracted into methanol did not show clear zone against all bacteria samples. Only P.nigrescens, S. mutans and S. sanguis in solution extracted into ethylacetate, S. mutans and S. anguis in solutions extracted into chlorform and Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against all bacteria samples. Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against 13 types of bacteria, excluding P. gingivalis. 2. In Solution extracted into methanol, the bacteria samples grew in the highest concentrated plate, showing minimal variation from control group. 3. In Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol, S. aureus, P. intermedia, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis et al. showed decreased growth in the highest concentrated plate. P. auruginosa, R. dentocariosa, A. viscosus, P. nigrescens, S. mutans et al. showed decreased growth at MIC $20{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$ and S. sanguis showed decreased growth at MIC $10{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$. 4. By analyzing the MIC level through considering the results from Kirby-Bauer method, Solution extracted into methanol did not reveal any antimicrobial effects and Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed the highest antimicrobial effects In conclusion, it can be used the extracts of Pulsatilla koreana as wide spectrum antimicrobial agent.