• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2023

In this study, we conducted a research on optimizing the spraying performance of agricultural drones and predicted the spraying performance in various flight conditions using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Data was collected using a test device for pesticide spraying performance according to the water sensitive paper (WSP) evaluation. MLP training involved supervised learning to achieve a coefficient of variation (CV), which indicates the degree of uniform spraying. The performance evaluation was conducted using R-squared (R²), the test samples showed an R² of 0.80. The results of this study showed that drone spraying performance can be predicted under various flight environments. In addition, the correlation analysis between flight conditions and predicted spraying performance will be useful for further research on optimizing the spraying performance of agricultural drones.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.353-362
• /
• 2022

숏크리트 습식 공법은 모든 재료를 혼합한 후 분사장치에 공급하여 노즐에 압축공기를 추가하고 분사속도를 향상시켜 타설면에 뿜어 붙이는 공법을 말한다. 현장의 습식 공법에서 사용되는 숏크리트량과 현장 상황을 실험실 규모에서 재현하기 위해서는 장비의 토출량 제어가 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 실험실 규모에서 현장 상태의 재현성을 높이기 위해 숏크리트 몰탈 뿜칠 장비의 급결제 유량 제어 시스템을 개발하여 장비에 적용하였다. 개발된 장비의 검증을 위해 물과 몰탈을 이용한 토출량 제어 시험을 수행하였다. 개발된 제어 시스템은 모노 펌프에 대해 사용자 입력값에 따라 토출량 제어가 원활하게 이루어 졌으나 감속기가 부착된 스크류 펌프에 대해서는 입력값에 따라 원활하게 토출량 제어가 이뤄지지 않았다. 감속기가 부착된 경우, 모노 펌프 가동률은 낮추면서 스크류 펌프의 가동률을 높여서 목표로 하는 급결제 유량에 근접하게 조절하는 방안이 필요하다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2013

We checked the existence of bacteria at DR equipment, radiation generator and cassette in 'D university' to propose optimized management method for bacteria and disinfection at DR equipment, radiation generator and cassette at used in radiographic laboratory of the department of radiology. The infected region is treated by alcohol and cresol and compared before spraying and after spraying for 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes. As time goes on, amount of bacteria colony decreases significantly. The Cresol is useful to disinfect the diminutive devices. However alcohol disinfection, at least 5 minutes later, and hand washing before practical training and shooting image is recommended due to the big and fixed radiography equipment which cause the soakage.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.429-440
• /
• 2023

이 연구에서는 방수공사의 장비 활용 시공기술을 통해 작업환경 개선으로 인한 작업자의 사고방지 및 안전을 확보하고, 장비의 활용에 따른 작업 효율성 증대 및 품질을 개선시키며 더불어 기능공 확보의 어려움을 해소하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 시멘트 액체 방수 뿜칠장비를 활용함으로써 부착성능이 약 20% 향상하고 작업속도가 2배 상승하였다. 프라이머 뿜칠 장비를 활용함으로써 침투성능과 부착성능이 약 2배 개선되는 효과를 보였고, 작업속도가 약 2배 상승하였다. 우레탄 뿜칠 장비를 활용함으로써 동일한 도막두께를 확보하는데 작업량을 1/3로 단축할 수 있으며, 부착강도는 약 1.4배 증가하는 결과를 나타내었고, 작업성이 약 1.4~1.5배 향상되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 장비 작업 시 품질향상과 더불어 작업효율이 증대되고, 수작업 환경에서 자주 발생하는 안전사고를 방지함으로써 안전 환경 조성에 기여할 수 있다. 또한 기능공 수급에 대한 어려움 해소가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.223-231
• /
• 1999

육묘장의 두상관수장치는 균일하게 관수되어야 모종도 균일하게 성장한다. 본 연구에서는 부채꼴 분사노즐을 이용한 두상관수장치의 노즐 설치위치에 따른 관수상태를 조사하여 균일관수방법을 구명하였다. 살수량은 주행속도에 반비례하였고, 관수균일도는 노즐과 관수면과의 거리에 큰 영향을 받으며 주행속도의 영향은 없었다. 단일노즐에 의한 두상관수인 경우 노즐 끝에서 관수면이 60cm 이상 멀어질수록 관수균일도가 향상되며, 연속노즐에 의한 두상관수인 경우 관수면이 노즐분사 각도의 2차 교차점에 위치할 때 관수균일도가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 두상관수장치의 균일관수를 위해서는 작물의 머리높이가 분사노즐의 2차교차점에 일치하도록 노즐의 위치를 정해야 하며 작물의 자람에 따른 노즐대 놀이를 조절해 주는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.1152-1157
• /
• 2018

논문에서는 밭농사에 적합하도록 설계된 와이어 기반 농약살포장비의 이동을 위한 구조물 설치 위치의 어려움을 해결하고자 한다. 이를 위해 간접적으로 대지구조를 파악할 수 있는 대지저항률 측정방법과 분석기술을 적용한다. 선정된 밭농사 지역에 일정 간격의 전극을 현장에 설치하고 내장형 제어보드에 다수의 스위치를 구동시켜 대지저항률 데이터를 자동 취득한다. 그리고 2차원 영상복원 알고리즘을 사용하여 대지분석을 수행하고 그 결과를 통해 실제 구조물 타설에 적합한 최적지점을 선정하고자 한다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제26권11호
• /
• pp.1672-1681
• /
• 2002

To evaluate the thermal environments and the workload of farmers in the rice field in summer, this study investigated rice farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures, work clothes, air temperature and air humidity during the spraying pesticide in the rice field. Five career farmers (3 males, 2 females) volunteered as the subjects. During the spraying pesticide in the rice field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. The results were as follows. l. Farmers wore only raincoats not pesticide-proof clothing. 2. The value of WBGT, rectal temperature($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature(${\={T}}_{sk}$) were $24.9∼28.9^{\circ}C,\;37.8({\pm}0.3)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}0.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively. Clothing microclimate temperature($T_{cl}$) on the chest and back were $32.5({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively(p<0.00l). Humidity inside of the clothing ($H_{cl}$) was over 80%RH and heart rate(HR) was 112(${\pm}27$)bpm. We evaluated that the spraying pesticide was 'heavy work' by the Tre and HR. To four subjective questionnaires, all farmers expressed 'hard, hot, humid and uncomfortable' without individual difference at the end of works. We suggested that 1) the spraying pesticide in the rice field was a heavy work, 2) because the workload of farmers in the raincoat/pesticide-proof clothing can't be evaluated by only WBGT, assessors should measure physiological, psychological responses as well as thermal environments, 3) to alleviate farmers' heat strain, clothing manufacturers must consider not only the improvement of textile materials and clothing weight but also the designing of personal cooling equipment.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the performance characteristics of the paint particulate and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) simultaneous removal from the spraying paint booth in the laboratory and real site by sticky paint particulate and VOCs simultaneous removal demonstration unit. The sticky paint particulate and VOCs simultaneous removal unit is composed of the horizontal type pleated filter modules and the zig-zag type granular activated carbon packing modules. The test conditions at the laboratory are $50.15g/m^3$ of average paint aerosol concentration and 300 ppm of VOCs concentration which were same as the working conditions of spraying paint booth in the real site. But, the demonstration conditions at the real site are varied according to the working condition of spraying paint booth for the kind of passenger car bodies. The test results at the laboratory obtained that 99% of total particulate collection efficiency at 0.62 m/min of filtration velocity and 84% at 1.77 m/min of filtration velocity. The VOCs removal efficiencies are 97% at $3500hr^{-1}$ of gas hour space velocity and 59% at $10,000hr^{-1}$ of gas hour space velocity. In the real site test, the average removal efficiency of PM10 was measured to be 99.65%, the average removal efficiency of PM2.5 was 99.38%, the average removal efficiency of PM1 was 98.52%, and the average removal efficiency of VOCs was 89%.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2020

Driving on irregular and inclined roads using agricultural machinery such as spraying machines or trucks in orchards causes farmer casualties associated with the overturning of agricultural machinery. In addition, the harm to agricultural workers caused by the excessive inhalation of the scattered pesticide frequently occurs during pest control processes. To address these problems, we introduced precision agricultural technology that could selectively spray pesticides only where the fruit is present by recognizing the presence or shape of the fruit in the orchard. In this paper, a 16-channel LIDAR (VLP-16) made of Velodyne was used to identify the shape of fruit trees. Solenoid valves were attached to the end parts of 12 nozzles of the orchard spraying machine for on/off control. The smart spraying machine implemented in this way was mounted on a vehicle capable of autonomous travel and performed selective control depending upon the shape of the fruit trees while traveling in the orchards. This is expected to significantly reduce the amounts of pesticides used in orchards and production costs.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2002

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide and one of the most commonly and widely used insecticide. However, a little known about the dermal risk of chlorpyrifos on human being. Therefore, this study was conducted for the dermal risk assessment after exposure to chlorpyrifos in Korean farmers. First, skin irritation by chlorpyrifos (10 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 50 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 100 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 250 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in acetone) was determined in rabbits for 5 days considering the usage of chlorpyrifos short term highly exposure. The index of skin irritation by chlorpyrifos was increased in each dose and length of exposure dependent manners. Next, using benchmark dose (BMD$_{5}$) approach, the dose-response relationship was assessed to calculate the reference dose (RfD). The value of RfD was 2.84 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day from 142.16 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day BMD5 value divided uncertainty factor 50. Finally, we assessed human dermal risk of chlorpyrifos with exposure level and RfD. Skin absorbed levels were assumed with several exposure scenarios encounting the circumstances of exposure that application method, protection equipment and cloth, exposure time and exposure frequency during chlorpyrifos spraying. By the comparison of skin absorbed dose with the reference dose, it was identified that risk values (risk index) to skin chlorpyrifos exposure were 0.958 from the point of above results and it was recommended that the occurrence of hazard effect (skin irritation toxicity) of chlorpyrifos would not be expected. Risk index was smaller than 1 in the case of spraying vehicle mounted application, 1hour exposure time and wearing protective cloth exposure. Whereas, risk index was above 1 in the case of hand-held application, 2hour exposure time and wearing common cloth. Comparing two kinds of application method, total risk index of the hand held application (1.67) was higher than vehicle mounted (0.27). Therefore, chlorpyrifos skin exposure was mainly affected by application equipment and applied form. The results of risk assessment on the human dermal toxicity of chlorpyrifos should be required to control in keeping safety rules, skin surface area available for contact, spraying time ,and spraying frequency.y.