• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2009

The dried roots of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation as well as various other bodily functions. Here we investigated the effects of a mixture of aqueous extracts of Danshen and Sanchi, named PASEL, on blood pressure and vascular contractility in rats. Orally administered PASEL (62.5 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, for 5 weeks) lowered the blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) but this was not observed in normal Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR). We then investigated the effects of PASEL on the arterial contraction of the small branches of cerebral arteries (CAs) and large conduit femoral arteries (FAs) in rats. PASEL did not affect high-K (KCI 60 mM)- or phenyleprine (PhE)-induced contracture of FAs. The myogenic response, a reactive arterial constriction in response to increased luminal pressure, of small CA was dose-dependently suppressed by PASEL in SHR as well as control rats. Interestingly, the KCI-induced contraction of small CAs was slowly reversed by PASEL, and this effect was more prominent in SHR than control WKR. PASEL did not inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. These results demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of PASEL might be primarily mediated by altering the arterial MR, not by direct inhibition of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels or by ACE inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.239-244
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• 2007

The herbal formulation (KH-204) mainly consisted of the fruits of Lycium chinense, Cornus officinalis, Rubus coreanus, Cuscuta chinensis and Schizandra chinensis. We investigated the effects of this herbal formulation on the penile erection and corpus cavernosum of spontaneous hypertensive male Rats (SHR). We used male SHR aged 16 weeks as a model of hypertension. The treatment groups received once a day oral doses KH-204 100 and 300 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks. Distilled water was administered in the control group. To investigate the penile erection, intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded in all groups. We analyzed the distribution of NOS by immunohistochemical staining and the expression of nNOS, eNOS concentration in the isolated corpus cavernosum by western blotting. In the control group, ICP/MAP ratio was $14.9{\pm}1.4%$ after pelvic nerve stimulation. ICP/MAP ratio was markedly increased in the treatment group with KH-204 100, 300 mg/kg, compared with control group. Immunohistochemical staining for NOS showed that eNOS and nNOS was stained as brown color. Compared with the control group, NOS activities of KH-204 100, 300 mg/kg were increased significantly. Also the penile expression levels of nNOS, eNOS in KH-204 100, 300 mg/kg treatment group were more increased significantly than control group by western blotting. This study showed that KH-204 enhances the penile erection and the level of eNOS and nNOS expression of penile corpus cavernosum of male SHR.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.772-777
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• 2005

The goal of this study was to screen and characterize the physiological functions of Korean traditional wines (TW) and liquors (TL). Forty-two TW and TL were collected and evaluated for quality and cardiovascular activities. Ethanol content ranged from $9.0%{\sim}41%$, and pH ranged from $3.0{\sim}7.8$, and they also contained 0.01% to 0.67% of total acid. Samples contained a maximum of 2.0% of crude protein and $0.1%{\sim}14.0%$ of reducing sugar. Commercial CM-wine showed the highest antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, 85.9%. The greatest fibrinolytic activity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity were also found in commercial CM-wine (31.8U) and commercial SS2-wine (38.6 %), respectively. Commercial SHBI-liquor showed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity, 78%. The ACE inhibitor from commercial CM-wine was a peptide compound and also showed an antihypertensive effect in spontaneous hypertensive rats at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

Ginseng root has been considered to prevent neuronal degeneration associated with brain ischemia, but experimental proof in support of this speculation is limited. Moreover, few studies have compared the neuroprotective actions of ginseng ingredients with those of peptide growth factors and cytokines isf vivo. Using a gerbil forebrain ischemia model, we demonstrated that the oral administration of red ginseng powder before an ischemic insult prevents delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CAI field and that a neuroprotective molecule within red ginseng powder is ginsenoside Rbl. The neurotrophic effect of ginsenoside Rbl, when examined in the gerbil ischemia model and in neuronal cultures was as potent as or more potent than the effects of epidermal growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, erythropoietin, prosaposin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-3. Besides the protection of hippocampal CAI neurons against brain ischemia/repercussion injuries, ginsenoside Rbl was shown to prevent place navigation disability, cortical infarction and secondary thalamic degeneration in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertensive rats with permanent occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery distal to the striate branches. These findings may validate the empirical use of ginseng root for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 1997

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Sambutang water extracts on the serum cholesterol levels and the cardiovascular system in the experimental animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurment of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Sambutang water extract. Sambutang water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1 ml/10 g, 2 mg/kg) plus serotonin(5 mg/kg) in mouse. The effect of Sambutang water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Sambutang decreased the serum cholesterol levels in rats. 2. Sambutang dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 3. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 4. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 5. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 6. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 7. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 8. The drug increased the antithrombin activity in rat and the fibrinogen lysis time was reduced and lysis area was increased. 9. Sambutang reduced fibrinogen lysis time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results. Sambutang increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin activity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.34-50
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• 1996

The present experiment was desinged to investigate the effects of Tongdosan water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral admini- stration. Measurment of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Tongdosan water extract. Tongdosan water extract against pulmonary thrombo- embolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effect of Tongdosan water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Tongdosan dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembo- lism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug reduced the fibrinogen lyses time of rat ex vivo assay and lyses area was increased. 8. Tongdosan reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Tongdosan increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

Objective : This study was done to investigate the effect of KJT on hypertension. Methods : Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats were sensitized and challenged with Kamijaeumganghwatang(KJT) for 5 weeks. Experimental group was treated with $200mg/day/2m{\ell}$ of KJT orally and control group was treated with $2m{\ell}/day$ of normal saline instead. Results : 1. KJT significantly showed significant protection against cytotoxicity and toxicity in the liver and the kidney. 2. KJT significantly decreased the blood pressure in SHR. 3. KJT significantly decreased the levels of aldosterone in SHR. 4. KJT significantly decreased the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in SHR. 5. KJT significantly decreased the levels of sodium and potassium in SHR, but it did not decrease the levels of chloride in SHR. Levels of calcium in SHR increased, but only insignificantly. 6. KJT significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 in SHR, and significantly increased the levels of IL-10 in SHR. 7. For histological effects, KJT dillated capillary vessels in the kidney, significantly decreased eosinophilic changes in heart cells, and significantly decreased endothelial damage in the aorta. Conclusion: These results suggest that KJT is useful in treatment of hypertension.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.197-213
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• 1995

The present experiment was desinged to investigate the effects of Sopungtang water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurments of Mortality rate were observed for measuring the effect of Sopungtang water extract. Sopungtang water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effects of Sopungtang water extract were examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Sopungtang dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug increased the antithrombin activity in rat and the fibrinogen lyses time was reduced and lyses area was increased. 8. Sopungtang reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Sopungtang increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.299-315
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• 1997

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Samsaengyeum. water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurement of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Samsaengyeum water extract Samsaengyeum water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1me/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effect of Samsaengyeiim water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Samsaengyeum dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug reduced the fibrinogen lyses time and increased the lyses area of rat. 8. Samsaengyeum reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Samsaengyeum increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.319-332
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• 1997

Experiments were performed to determine the effects of the Shiryungtang (SRT) liquid extract on the hypertension and the hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol in Sprague-Dawley rat(SDR) and Spontaneous Hypertensive rats(SHR). The results were obtained as follows : 1. The blood pressures of Sample A, B were decreased significantly compared with control group. First day, in case of Sample B, the blood pressure depressed after 1 and 2 hour. 2. After 11days of feeding with SRT, the blood pressure was decreased significantly in the treated group as compared with the control group. 3. After 11days by fed with SRT, the cholesterol had no significant in all treated group compared with the control group. 4. After 11days by fed with SRT, the triglyceride had no significant in all treated group compared with the control group. 5. The cholesterol of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in all treated group compared with the control group. 6. The triglyceride of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in all treated group compared with the control group. 7. The HDL-cholesterol of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in all treated group compared with the control group. 8. The phospholipid of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in Sample B of the treated group. 9. The total lipid of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in Sample B of the treated group. 10. The total protein of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in Sample B of the treated group. 11. The albumin of hypercholesterolemic rat induced by feeding with cholesterol was decreased significantly in all treated group compared with the control group. With the above result, it is thought that Shiryungtang can be applied effectively to the hypertension and hyperlipidemia.