• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2023

A 7-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier dog was present to an animal clinic and a large soft mass was found in the spleen by radiological examination, and total splenorectomy was performed. Grossly, a large protruded splenic mass was soft to moderately firm and multilobulated. On the cut surface, the mass was off-white to tan, dark red, and rust colored with many cavitation and had gelatinous areas. Histologically, the tumor cells were characterized by coexistence of the primitive mesenchymal tissues and mature or immature cartilage tissues. Primitive mesenchymal areas were composed of round/oval or spindle shaped immature cells with high mitosis. The tumor cells of the cartilage areas were located in basophilic cartilaginous matrix. Intercellular matrix in the cartilaginous areas was stained blue with Masson's trichrome and deep blue with alcian blue, respectively. Immunohistochemically, the cartilaginous tumor cells demonstrated positive reactions for vimentin and S-100, and surrounding mesenchymal tumor cells are immunopositive for vimentin. This case was diagnosed as splenic extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of a Yorkshire Terrier dog, a toy breed.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2001

The neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) is a nine- amino acid hormone synthesized as preprohormone in the cell bodies of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. The tumor in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus is associated with disfunctions of the cell bodies, leading to the diabetes insipidus. In order to study with the diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in VP synthesis and its secretion, we have produced the transgenic mice regulated by vasopressin promoter inserted to SV40 T antigen coding sequence (pVPSV.IGR2.1). One transgenic line expressing high levels of SV40 T antigen was propagated. The founder and all transgene positive adult animals have appeared with shorten mortality or apparent phenotypic abnormalities, including immune complex disease, and eventually die between 4 and 8 months of age. The mRNA and protein of SV40T antigen transgene were detected in brain of fetus as well as in brain, spleen, lung and lymph node in moribund at the age of 20 weeks. Histological analysis of transgenic mice showed that tumor developed in brain similar to primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) in man. We also detected lymphomas in spleen and lymph node, and consequent tumor formation in various tissues of the transgenic mice. In pVPSV.IGR2.1, 21% mice showed brain tumor (PNET) at 5 weeks and 100% mice showed brain tumor after 15 weeks. In addition, Expression of apoptosis related genes (Bcl-28 & Bax) was increased over their age in mice with PNET as compared to control mice. Apoptosis related gene expression might be deregulated in mice with brain tumor. However, transgenic mice were not developed with the diabetes insipidus. These mice represent the first disease model to exhibit primitive neuroectodermal tumor in brain, as well as a unique model system for exploring the cellular pathogenesis of lymphomas.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.274-274
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• 1998

Aclarubicin(ACL)-entrapped freeze dried liposomes were prepared using Microfludizer to attain a sustained release at targeted organs in a prolonged time so that it can reduce th e side effect and maximize the therapeutic effect. The freeze-dried liposomes were evaluated for pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180, cytotoxicity against L1210 and A549 tumor cells, spleen toxicity and myelosuppressive action. The AUC0->8hr values were 122+/-42, 382+/-140, 419+/-171, 835+/-206 and 443+/-309mcg min/ml for free ACL. ACL-liposome formulation I, II, III and IV, respectively. Cytotoidcity of ACL-entrapped liposomes against L1210 and A549 tumor cells was 2-4 times higher than that of free aclarubicin. ACL-liposome formulation I(PC/CHOL/TA) showed the most potent antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 in mice. The loss of body weight was much smaller with ACL-entrapped liposomes than free ACL after I.p. injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Compared to free ACL, ACL-entrapped liposomes expressed a lower and delayed spleen toxicity up to 5th day after I.v. administration. Myelosupperssion seemed to be lower with ACL-entrapped liposome of PC/PC-hydrate/CHOL/TA (formulation III) than free aclarubicin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2016

The effects of antlers have long been known in traditional Asian medicine. However, few studies have investigated the effects of antlers on immunity. In this study, we investigated whether fermented antler extract (FAE) has immunomodulatory effects on spleen cells. FAE enhanced the activity of spleen cells in a concentration dependent manner compared to antler extract. Interestingly, FAE significantly increased the production of interleukin-12, a representative cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, while it marginally increased that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that FAE can protect spleen cells from spontaneous cell death without a significant proportional change in subsets, mainly lymphocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that FAE has beneficial effects on spleen cells, a major type of immune cell, indicating that it can function as an immunomodulator without significant cytotoxicity. These data may broaden the use of FAE in basic research and clinical areas.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2001

Effects of kochujang (Korean red pepper soybean paste) extracts on tumor formation, natural killer (NK) cell activity in spleen and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver were investigated in the sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice. Inhibitory effects of these samples on lung metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 cells were also evaluated in the Balb/c mice. The injection of methanol extracts from traditional kochujang I (TK I, 0-day fermented), II (TKII, 6-month fermented), commercial kochujang (CK, 1-month fermented) and red pepper powder (RPP) significantly reduced tumor formation in Balb/c mice (p<0.05), TKII decreased tumor growth by 46% compared with control, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. The transplantation of sarcoma-180 cells increased the spleen/body weight ratio of Balb/c mice, while TKI and TKll significantly decreased this index (p<0.05). The effect of TKll and CK, fermented kochujang, on the NK cell activity of splenocytes was higher than that of sarcoma-180 cells transplanted control group. TK II recovered the activity of hepatic GST that was decreased by the transplantation of sarcoma- 180 cells in to the mice. All kochujang-treated mice had significantly fewer lung metastatic colonies than control mice. TKII was the most effective in inhibiting lung metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 cells. These results indicated that optimally ripened (6-month) TK had more suppressive effects on tumor formation and lung metastasis than RPP and kochujang without fermentation and commercially prepared kochujang in mice.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2003

A novel antitumor agent, antibody-endostatin fusion protein $(anti-HER2/neu\;IgG3C_H3-Endostatin,\;AEFP)$ formed by genetic engineering procedure from antibody (Ab) which specifically targets to tumor cells ad angiogenesis inhibitor, endostatin (Endo) that has excellent antitumor effect, minimizes the toxicity of normal cells and selectively kills only tumor cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the phamacokinetic parameters and to analyze the localization of AEFP. After an intravenous injection of $150\;{\mu}l\;(5\;{\mu}Ci)\;[^{125}I]Ab,\;[^{125}I]AEFP$ to mice, blood was collected though retroorbital plexus from 15 min to 2880 min. Following the jugular vein injetion of $150\;{\mu}l\;(10\;{\mu}Ci)\;[^{125}I]Endo$, blood was collected by the use of carotid artery cannulation from 0.25 min to 30 min. Consequently, Endo was very rapidly removed from plasma compartment within 30 min. On the other hand, AEFP similar to Ab was slowly cleared from plasma. Also, Endo was metabolized about 40% within 30 min. However, AEFP was shown to metabolize less than 10% within 2880 min. The organ distribution of Endo was in order kidney, lung, spleen. Both Ab and AEFP were localized in order spleen, kidney, liver. Futhermore the tumor/blood distribution ratio of AEFP at 96 hours after injection is about 20 times higher than it of Endo at one hour after injection. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the anti-cancer or suppression of angiogenesis effect of Endo may be improved by the use of AEFP because the longer half life and stability of AEFP is able to selectively target antigens expressed on tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4129-4133
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• 2014

Background: The objective was to study the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi ethanol extracts (SBGE) on immune and anti-oxidant function in U14 tumor-bearing mice. Materials and Methods: U14 tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into eight groups: a control group, a cyclophosphamide (CTX) group, three dose groups of SBGEI (high, medium, low), and three dose groups of SBGEII (high, medium, low). After two weeks, the thymus and spleen weight indices of mice bearing U14 cervical cancer were calculated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of serum IL-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8, and PCNA. MDA activity and SOD activity in plasma were measured with detection kits. Results: In the SBGE groups, thymus weight and spleen weight indices of U14 tumor-bearing mice were significantly higher than in the control group or CTX group (p<0.05). Compared to control group, the levels of serum IL-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in U14 tumor-bearing mice increased significantly, whereas the contents of serum IL-8 and PCNA decreased (p<0.05). The activity of SOD increased with the growing dose of SBGE, while the activity of MDA decreased significantly in the highe-rdose groups of SBGE. Conclusions: These findings suggested that SBGE, especially at high dose, 1000 mg/kg, showed significant immune and anti-oxidant effects infU14 tumor-bearing mice, which might be the mechanisms of SBGE inhibition of tumor growth.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.329-333
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• 2021

We previously identified that tumor cells genetically modified with a 4-1BBL co-stimulatory molecule had anticancer effects in a CT26 mouse colorectal tumor model. To identify the distinction between immune cells in a mouse tumor model treated with tumor cells genetically modified with 4-1BBL or β-gal, we examined the immune cells in CT26-WT, CT26-βgal, and CT26-4-1BBL tumor bearing mice 21 days after tumor cell administration. The CD8+ T cells population in mice treated with tumor cells genetically modified with 4-1BBL was significantly increased on day 21 compared to that of tumor cells genetically modified with β-gal in the spleen and tumor tissue. The CD4+ T cell population was not different between the two mice groups. The Foxp3+CD25^high CD4 T cell population decreased on day 21 in tumor tissues, but the decrease was not significant. We also found that CD8 T cells had pivotal roles in inhibiting tumor growth by treating mice with ant-CD4 and CD8 antibodies. These results suggest that tumor cells genetically modified with 4-1BBL could inhibit tumor growth by affecting on CD8 T lymphocytes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.4 s.99
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• pp.356-362
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of reaction-precipitate from Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix aqueous mixture(CGP) on the cytotoxicity. The effects of CGP on the growth of tumor cells, Balb/c 3T3 cell, mouse spleen cell and human lymphocyte were compared with those of berberine, glycyrrhizin and berberine glycyrrhizinate(BG), which were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay or cell counting. CGP, berberine and BG inhibited the growth of several tumor cells, such as Hep G2, A549, Raji, MCF-7, HeLa and KHOS-NP. Whereas, glycyrrhizin inhibited the growth of Raji and MCF-7, CGP did not affect on Balb/C 3T3 cells, mouse spleen cells and human lymphocyte at $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-5}g/ml$. CGP increased the number of leukocyte in mice. This results indicate that CGP have the inhibitory action of the growth of human tumor cells, and the side effect of CGP is less than berberine and BG.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2001

A primary metastatic malignant plasma cell tumor was diagnosed in a 7-year-old, female mixed breed dog. The dog was admitted to Veterinary Teaching Hospital at College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University after suffering from depression, anorexia, and dyspnea. In radiographic examination, a large occupying mass was found at the right cranial thorax. Due to poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized. At surgery, numerous, firm, round, nodules, 1 to 2 cm in diameter were noted in the ribs. The nodules were often confluent and had cylindrical appearance. Osteolysis was associated with the nodules. A large amount of clear fluid was present in the thoracic cavity. The spleen and liver were markedly enlarged and congested. Histologically, the mass was diagnosed as plasma cell tumor which was believed to be originate from the rib. Evidence of metastasis was observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney.