• Title/Summary/Keyword: spirit of times

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Belle Epoque and Dadaism in the Modern Culture (벨 에포크와 다다이즘 - 근대문화의 총체와 해체)

  • Lee, Byung Soo
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.33
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    • pp.171-192
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    • 2013
  • The article is a research about the Belle Epoque era and Dadaism in the modern culture as a whole and separate. The years from 1890s to 1914, is known as the Belle Epoque era, in which the European continent including France had developed the climax of the modern culture after the Renaissance. At the same time, it was the period where the postmodern developments were being spread, leading to the present days. Moreover, the main ideologies in art that led to the cultural advancement of the time were impressionism, cubism, art nouveau, evolutionized painting category, symbolism and futurism. It was a literature category that was maintained to present Dadaism and surrealism. Dadaism began since the magazine, Bulletin Dada was published, originating in 1916 by Tristan Tzara of Zurich, Switzerland during the WWI. The extreme motto that the Dadaists supported was a contradiction, as they had to dissolve from their own art movements and expression techniques. However, until Andre Breton introduced 'Manifeste du Surrealisme' in 1924, the "Dada group" had a tremendous influence in France as an epicenter and rejected the modern cause and art that continued during the time, thus attempting its dissolution. First, they rejected the ideology, ethics and customs of rationalism from the previous system and demonstrate an anarchical and anti-bourgeoisie characteristic. They also reject the French lucid thoughts and the artistic techniques. They strongly emphasized on their motto "The idea is created from the mouth", while reframing from the philosophical ideology and at the same time, attempting to express the psychical unconsciousness. Second, the most important catchphrase that the Dadaists supported was the theory of negation. The question "Why do you write?" connotes the negative consciousness about the artistic value and the stereotyped method of the preexisting writing and drawing. Third, the Dadaists bring forward a radical query about all of the former esthetic and morals, and reveal an admirable resistance spirit. They emphasized on the slogan "Dada, means nothing" and insist on 'the anti-literal Dada, anti-artistic Dada, anti-musical Dada'. The Dadaist movement manifested their resistant spirit and the new artistic spirit through the publication of , , and most importantly through the magazine . Fourth, the Dadaists embodied the volume, density, and quality into an image through the auto-technical, cubistic writings and drawings. They ignored the fixed form of arrangements, verses, and rhymes of a poetic diction. The Dadaists utilized an unfamiliar and inversed expression method of applying the combination of the size of print, or capital letters and lowercase letters, even combining printed and handwritten writings. As presented, the auto-technical and cubistic characteristic of expressing the auto-psychical ideology into writing is called as the radical aesthetic and moral and can be considered as the most essential cause of the Dadaists' avant-garde features. As a conclusion, Dadaism demonstrated dual characteristics of consuming the nutritive elements of the modern culture through the most powerful resistance and liberation of the artistic movement of the Belle Epoque era, where at the same time, it deconstructed the modern art. By revolting against the former grounds and expression techniques, and dominating the era with the new artistic spirit, their resistant actions were artistic movements that symbolized the dissolution of the modern times. Moreover, the Dada's expressionism and resistance of saying "There's nothing" can be evaluated as postmodernity's initiative of outweighing the modern history and opening the door for new period of nowadays.

The present state of process in the arrangements of historic classical books in China: According to classification into various types, methods, styles, and directions (从中国大陆当代古籍整理的现状 - 看其类别, 方式方法及走向 -)

  • 曹亦冰
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.18
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 2004
  • The aim on this paper is to explain the present state and circumstance in the course of arranging historic classical books in China. In order to approach its purpose, it should make it clear to define the word of "The present"(當代). Furthermore, we need to take a deep notice on the arrangements itself of historic classical books, its influences and contributions, reflecting this process carefully with those historical, cultual and social points of view due to the meaning of "The present" in China. Starting from this considerate view, first of all, I would like to determine the accurate time of "The present" to be the period of time from October, 1949 to December, 2003. It can be described very suitably well as "bamboo sprouts grow fast after a rainfall"(雨後春荀). This tremendous works in the arrangements of Classics have gone through sweets and bitters of times during 50 and several years. However, this work in process has overcome so much troubles and exclude obstacles in doing so, gradually begun to bear tasteful fruit of many publications, about 10,000 works so far. Although it has gone far with very little amount of works in comparison with the remains that would be put in order in the incoming future, it succeed effectively to the spirit and soul in Chinese culture and people. Illuminating the development in its historical steps and analyzing elaborately flows in cultural and ideal elements, it is known that this work of arrangements not only give a very firm basis for excellent Chinese cultural tradition, but also extend high level of idea and thoughts in their thoughts so that build up the spirit in socialism on the solid foundation. This paper will give a explanation and analysis on this works and its contributions. At the same time, it examine and give a good, careful, and close look on the arrangement of historic classical books in China by various means of classifying into various types and style, searching for many methods, and showing indication and directions that might be right in "the present".

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The Relationship beetween Furniture Purchasers and Producers in the Joseon Period (조선시대 가구 주문자와 생산자의 상호관계성)

  • Seo, Seok Min;Kim, Myeong Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.267-273
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    • 2015
  • This study is a review on the relationship between furniture purchasers and producers in the Joseon period. Understanding the relationships in our traditional spirit and the Joseon furniture that reflects a aesthetic sense is a meaningful work. Joseon was to build an ideal country which put emphasis on the order and harmony through Theory of 'Yeak' as the confucianism nation. Human aesthetics, which emphasis on the spiritual value by confirmity to nature and forcus on the relaxed, deficient personality rather than completeness was established as the central formative consciousness of the Joseon Dynasty. The nature of things in the confucian scholar prior to the representations of things is expressed in the form of master craftsman's skill and soul. Formative consciousness of the confucian scholar is to realize ideals by communciation and interchange with master craftsman's soul in the form of the Joseon furniture. The beauty of restraint and brevity in the Joseon Dynasty furniture includes meanings and procedures of art work. It implies an orderer's purpose of production and a producer's products. Understanding the spirit of times in the production becomes the cornerstone capable of getting closer to the furniture ultimate proper function. These problems have a very close relationship with the problems of modern people's commnuication. We expect an even higher growth of the furniture by achieving more improved communication based on the consumer's great insight and the producer's passion.

The Conduct of the Filial Education of Children in the Chason Dynasty (조선시대(朝鮮時代) 아동(兒童)의 효행교육(孝行敎育))

  • Ryu, Jeom Sook
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 1995
  • This documentary study investigated the background, content and methods of the filial education of children in the Choson Dynasty; that is, the ways in which filial conduct was taught so that the child learned manners and learned to assist parents in everyday life. The subjects of this study were the upper class(sonbi) and ranged from 7 or 8 to 13 or 14 years in Korean age. The Confucian view of nature, ethics and the family system emphasized filial duty during the Choson Dynasty. The contents of filial education were the fundamentals of filial conduct, such as daily greetings, participation(in family events), and an affectionate and respectful attitude towards parent. The method for filial education was that parents and instructors were to be good model in everyday life so that children got accustomed to good conduct. It is difficult to apply the filial conduct of the Choson Dynasty to today's life, but its basic spirit, that is, loving and respecting human beings, is still invaluable for modern times. This spirit may be applied to childhood education today by amending some out-of-date contents, and the filial ethos universalized in daily life could become a prescription for today's chaotic society.

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A Study on Design Features of Giorgio Armani - Focused on Designs from 2001 to the S/S 2006 - (조르지오 아르마니의 디자인 특성에 관한 연구 - 2001~2006년 S/S를 중심으로 -)

  • Kong, Mi-Ran
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2006
  • What enabled Armany to grow into a world fashion designer is based on two factors : postmodernism of the new spirit of the times and the fashion industry of Italy, his mother country. That is, his capability to connect the spirit of the times with his works and use local advantage for his works led him to be a maestro of fashion circles. Founding on his outstanding ability, he established his own world of unique design, where his philosophy of design remained. This philosophy was a distinctive character from other designers. Since he was founded on this philosophy, his own features that other designers can't imitate are dissolved in his designs. Armany is very suggestive to our design circles which look for globalization of fashion. A fashion designer should look straight at the fact that the final aim of fashion is to satisfy customers who buy it. In addition, he should recognize that understanding customers' demands and developing products with his fashion style in accordance with them are the way to success and study new things continually by setting up the direction of the future based on the recognition. It is essential to cultivate sensitivity to create a new beauty from a basis just like Armany expresses modern women's image by harmonizing rationality and functionality, the existing male features, with female pliability adequately. As well, the analyses of design made by Armany are thought to be helpful in reestablishing fashion design education so that unique design styles may be maintained and future-oriented international fashion products may be produced.

The Regional Festival Promotion Plan Utilizing Historical and Cultural Resources of the Chungnam Region: With a Focus on Tojeong Lee Ji-Ham's Geolincheong (충남지역 역사문화자원을 활용한 지역축제 추진 방안 연구: 토정(土亭) 이지함(李之菡)의 걸인청(乞人廳)을 중심으로)

  • Oh, Dong-Il
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.23-33
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    • 2018
  • As there have been many cases where successful regional festivals acts as the promotion of regional brand images and as the driving force of regional economic development, changes in awareness that significantly accepts external promotion effects and the commercial value of regional festivals are greatly expanding. When seen from this perspective, the regional festival, which has Tojeong Lee Ji-Ham, a scholar in the Joseon Dynasty period in the 16th century and Geolincheong as subject matter, is expected to contribute greatly to the establishment of Chungnam Asan region's identity and to the vitalization of the regional economy. He is one of the all-time eccentrics and at the same time he is an intellectual who practiced innovative spirit of the times and a sense of economy for the relief and self-support of common people and the balanced development of the nation during his life. In this sense, the regional festival that is based on Lee Ji-Ham's Geolincheong has meaning and values as a cultural content from and device, which realizes and continues the spirit of the times and the thoughts that he pursued, in the modern context in time and space.

Differential$\cdot$Integral Calculus and Natural Arts (미분적분학과 자연주의 미술)

  • Kye Young Hee
    • Journal for History of Mathematics
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 2005
  • Renaissance is revival of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures. So, in Renaissance period, the artists began to study Euclidean geometry and then their mind was a spirit of experience and observation. These spirits is namely modernism. In other words, Renaissance was a dawn of modern times. In this paper, we notice modern spirits and ones social backgrounds. Differential and integral calculus was created by these modern spirits. And in art field, 'painter of light', 'artist of moment' appeared. Because in the 17th and 18th centuries, the intelligentsia researched for motions, speeds and lights.

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A Subjectivity of Marital Relationship (부부관계의 주관성 연구)

  • Kim, Boon-Han;Lee, Hee-Young;Jung, Young-Mi;Lee, Eun-Young;Kim, Heung-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2001
  • This study was undertaken to find out the perception of marital relationship and to understand the typology. The Q-population consisted of 153 statements that were collected and 33 Q-samples were selected. The P-samples for this study were made up of 30 who were married. Each responded to a Q-set of marital relationship according to 9-point scale. The results of Q-sorting were coded and analysed using QUANL PC program. Typological observations were as follows. 1) One in body and spirit type : In type 1, couples had different backgrounds respectively but felt one in body and spirit. 2) Companionship type : 2. Couples had not so much a hierarchial as a horizontal relationship. Couples perceived themselves as interdependent and friends. 3) Adaptation type : Couples readily adapted themselves to a marital relationship. They only depended on their spouses at times and stressed the relationship. Marriage was accepted as destiny rather than choice. On the basis of these results, we suggest: When a marriage is in trouble, that we assess the type of marital relationship in advance and intervene with a proper program. In addition, practical intervention programs need to be developed tailored to the type of subjective perception about the marital relation

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A Study on the Forms and Character of Huhdai Mergen in Mongolian Mythology through the archery (활쏘기를 통해 본 몽골 신화상의 후흐데이 메르겐의 형상과 성격)

  • Lee, An-na
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.35
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    • pp.185-214
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    • 2014
  • This paper presents an investigation into the forms of master archer Huhdai Mergen from Mongolian mythology and his character through archery. In Mongolian mythology, master archer Huhdai Mergen is usually connected to the regulation of the sun, the moon, and the stars in Heaven and the creation of stars. Such a series of acts are conducted through archery, which used to be performed as an incantatory ritual to resolve a disaster in life, dispel an evil spirit, and pray for affluence as well as for hunting. In Mongolian mythology, Huhdai Mergen is a master archer and hunter that rises to Heaven while hunting a deer and becomes Sirius with the deer becoming Orion. The Mongolian have believed that the two constellations protect them since ancient times. While Orion is related to the deer totem, Huhdai Mergen or Sirius is related to the wolf totem faith. Huhdai Mergen takes too much pride in his archery skills and ends up causing damage to himself, which can be understood as a pattern of controlling the power of personified Huhdai Mergen through excessive natural force. He also has something to do with Polaris, which is regarded as the stake to bind his horse to by the Mongolian. They also believe that their ancestral gods reside in the horse stake or column. The stake is the residence of Huhdai Mergen protecting the Mongolian people, which reflects his aspect as an ancestral god. He is also depicted as the god of thunder and lightning born in a cow. The stones he throws and the arrows he shoots in Heaven are the embodiments of thunder and lightning. The Mongolian have understood lightning of dispelling an evil spirit and striking wicked things as the arrow of Huhdai Mergen. The god of thunder and lightning has the attributes of a fertility god such as eliminating bad devils and bringing affluence. Huhdai Mergen is also manifested as the creator to create the earth and the savior to save mankind. Such forms all derive from his archery skills.

Aesthetic Features & Awareness Observed in Traditional Boots (전통 화(靴)에 나타난 미적 특성 및 미의식)

  • Lee, Jae-Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.46-57
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    • 2018
  • Fashion is a cultural element expressing general and common aesthetic awareness in a relevant region in the relevant times. On the aspect that shoes are also a part of fashion reflecting the unique aesthetic awareness of Korea, this paper aims to analyze the aesthetic awareness contained in the aesthetic features observed in the traditional boots. The aesthetic features in terms of the form were the balanced usage of each element including curves, straight lines, simple shapes, contrast colors and materials, and the application and ideological significance as the symbol of social position and status in terms of the contents. Aesthetic awareness pursues the beauty of moderation through the compromise between curves and straight lines, as both elements accept each other's features and keep balance without inclination to one element. Next, solid and void are naturally expressed by appropriately adjusting the expression on colors, materials and shapes through the harmony of composure and techniques. While traditional boots were used as the sign indicating social position and status as the unity of spirit and a thing, they pursue the value of rhythmic vitality by giving spiritual meaning to a thing.