• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.563-568
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• 1995

The purpose of study was to analyze and clarify the new facts which might help the patients with low back pain be rehabilitated by giving MRE(medical rehabilitation educations) for DLH(Daily Living Habit) based on body types. The outcome of examining hypothesis is as following. 1. The 1st hypothesis : It has been proved that the patients of experimental group which received the DLH will recovery and rehabilitate to social lives much faster than those of non-experimental group(p<.001). 2. The 2nd hypothesis : It has been proved that those of experimental group have much more changes in bodies and body types than those of non-experimental group(p<.001). 3. The 3rd hypothesis : It has been proved that those of experimental group will be better at self-care of back pain and satisfied with it much more than those of non-experimental group(p<.001). In above results, DLHE(daily living habit education) based on body types can be recommended to be a desirable education for low back patients who need a long-care. As it is more subdivided and specialized than the existing MHE, the effects of therapeutic self -care involving spinal manipulation are expected to be higher.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2001

Purpose: this study was implemented to develop new nursing intervention, Kyongrak massage, and to examine its effect on chronic pain in elderly women. Method: Kyongrak massage is a manipulation massaging on Kyonghyul site, and Duboo, Kyongchoo, Chucksoo, Hajee, Sangjee Kyongrak massages were used in this study. The subjects(11persons) took Kyongrak massage on head, neck, spinal cord, upper extremities and back lower extremities for 25minutes daily during 5days. The dependent variables were subjective health state, paid, blood pressure, pulse and body temperature. This study was carried out, at 10-12 o'clock, from August 7th, to 22th, 2000. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test by SPSS PC. Results: subjective health state((t=-3.560, p=.005), body temperature(t=-2.557, p=.029) were increased, and pain level(t=7.884, p=0.000), systolic blood pressure(t=2.923, p=.015) were decreased significantly by Kyongrak massage. Conclusions: The above results have informed us that this Kyongrak massage program(Duboo, Kyongchoo, Chucksoo, Hajee, sangjee) for 25minutes is a useful nursing intervention to decrease chronic pain in each life styles.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Background: Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in persistent pain, including neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Since the data suggest that ROS are involved in central sensitization, the present study examines the levels of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the dorsal horn after an exogenous supply of three antioxidants in rats with chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP). This serves as an animal model of complex regional pain syndrome type-I induced by hindpaw ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: The application of tight-fitting O-rings for a period of three hours produced CPIP in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Allopurinol 4 mg/kg, allopurinol 40 mg/kg, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 4,000 U/kg, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 10 mg/kg and SOD 4,000 U/kg plus L-NAME 10 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally just after O-ring application and on the first and second days after reperfusion. Mechanical allodynia was measured, and activation of the NMDA receptor subunit 1 (pNR1) of the lumbar spinal cord (L4-L6) was analyzed by the Western blot three days after reperfusion. Results: Allopurinol reduced mechanical allodynia and attenuated the enhancement of spinal pNR1 expression in CPIP rats. SOD and L-NAME also blocked spinal pNR1 in accordance with the reduced mechanical allodynia in rats with CPIP. Conclusions: The present data suggest the contribution of superoxide, produced via xanthine oxidase, and the participation of superoxide and nitric oxide as a precursor of peroxynitrite in NMDA mediated central sensitization. Finally, the findings support a therapeutic potential for the manipulation of superoxide and nitric oxide in ischemia/reperfusion related pain conditions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2004

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to yangno$(SI_6)$ on the neuropathic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in human is a neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : EA increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 1 hr. suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. EA applied to SI6 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 1 h. However, $ST_{36}$ point did not produce any significant increase of mechanical sensitivity. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effort was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a point, $ST_{36}$. In addition, this analgesic effect of EA is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control of spinal cord from the brain. Conclusions : The data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat; and 2) that EA-induced analgesia is mediated by a adrenergic mechanism of descending control in a point specific manner.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2003

Low back pain (LBP) is a significant in today's society, with lifetime include factors associated with LBP ar reporter. Among the causes, aberration of posture may play a role in the development of LBP. Many investigators have assessed the curvature of spine in standing posture. But LBP is associated with Lumber Hyperlordosis of Hyperlordosis is controversial Subjects: In conservative treatment(acupuncture, herb med, manipulation & TENS. exercise, potural correction) for a 40 years old woman who had low back pain(V AS) be caused by decrease lumbar lordotic angie. Objectives: The object is change of lumbar lordotic angle of a 40 years old woman who had low back pain with Lumbar hyperlordosis, In conservative treatment. Method: In conservative treatment, We added taping therapy(mechanical correction taping of Kinesio Taping) about Lumbar Lordosis. Conclusion: We experienced a 40 years old woman who had love pack pain with Lumbar hyperlordosis. In conservative treatment, Her pain was Improved by additional taping therapy In company with decrease of Lumbar Lordosis. 1. abnormal spinal curvature, specially lumbar hyperlordosis act on induction & perpetuation agent for low back pain 2. In a patient had low back pain with lumbar hyperlordosis, change of lumbar lordotic angle is of utility value for the effect of treatment and assessment of prognosis. 3. pain control is more relative with change of lumbosacral angle than lumbar lordotic angle, in patient had low back pain with lumbar hyperlordosis. 4. mechanical taping therapy with elastic adhesive tape is effective for patient had low back pain with lumbar hyperlordosis

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2015

Objective : Cases of contralateral radiculopathy after a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a single cage (unilateral TLIF) had been reported, but the phenomenon has not been explained satisfactorily. The purpose of this study was to determine its incidence, causes, and risk factors. Methods : We did retrospective study with 546 patients who underwent a unilateral TLIF, and used CT and MRI to study the causes of contralateral radicular symptoms that appeared within a week postoperatively. Clinical and radiological results were compared by dividing the patients into the symptomatic group and asymptomatic group. Results : Contralateral symptoms occurred in 32 (5.9%) of the patients underwent unilateral TLIF. The most common cause of contralateral symptoms was a contralateral foraminal stenosis in 22 (68.8%), screw malposition in 4 (12.5%), newly developed herniated nucleus pulposus in 3 (9.3%), hematoma in 1 (3.1%), and unknown origin in 2 patients (6.3%). 16 (50.0%) of the 32 patients received revision surgery. There was no difference in visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index between the two groups at discharge. Both preoperative and postoperative contralateral foraminal areas were significantly smaller, and postoperative segmental angle was significantly greater in the symptomatic group comparing to those of the asymptomatic group (p<0.05). Conclusion : The incidence rate is not likely to be small (5.9%). If unilateral TLIF is performed for cases when preoperative contralateral foraminal stenosis already exists or when a large restoration of segmental lordosis is required, the probability of developing contralateral radiculopathy is increased and caution from the surgeon is needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2004

Objectives : In the present study, the effect of Scolopendrid Water-Alcohol Extract (SWAE) applied to acupuncture point BL23 (Shinsu) on the neuropathic pain was examined. A common source of persistent pain in humans is the neuropathic pain. Anti-convulsant drugs are used to treat the neuropathic pain. In the oriental medicine, Scolopendrid was used for long time to treat convulsant syndrome and back pain, etc. Methods : On the bases of the Scolopendrid clinical application, the effect of SWAE applied to the acupuncture point was tested in the rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5 spinal nerve. When rats developed pain behaviors, One hundred microliter of SWAE was applied into the ipsilateral BL23 point at a dose of 10 mg/ml under enflurane anesthesia. The foot withdraw latency of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : SWAE injection increased the mechanical threshold of the foot in the rat model of neuropathic pain significantly for the duration of 4h, suggesting a partial alleviation of pain. SWAE applied to BL23 point produced a significant improvement of mechanical sensitivity of the foot lasting for at least 4h. However, neither contralateral BL23 point, ST25 (Chonchu) point, nor LR3 (Taechung) point produce as much increase of mechanical sensitivity as ipsilateral BL23 point. And, this increase of mechanical sensitivity was dose-dependent. The improvement of mechanical threshold was interpreted as an analgesic effect. In addition, the analgesic effect of Scolopendrid 4 mg/kg injection is equivalent to that of gabapentin 50 mg/kg injection. The relations between SWAE-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) were also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which are increased by nerve injury were suppressed by SWAE injection applied to BL23 point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that SWAE produces a potent analgesic effect on the neuropathic pain model in the rat and 2) that SWAE-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.

• 감성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 교통사고나 뇌졸중 등에 의해 상지의 장애를 가지는 장애인을 대상으로 하여, 인터넷의 브라우저와 같은 소프트웨어를 사용 할 수 있는 컴퓨터 인터페이스로서 자이로센서를 이용한 무선 자이로 마우스시스템를 개발하고, 임상평가를 통해 그 유용성을 확인하고자 한다. 시스템 개발에 있어서 주안점은, 첫째, 장애인의 경우 휠체어나 침대에 누워서 마우스 조작을 할 수 있도록 시스템의 무선화하는 것, 둘째, 착탈의 용이성과 미관을 위하여 센서를 헤드 밴드에 삽입하는 것, 셋째, 컴퓨터 운영체제에게 클릭신호를 전달하기 위하여, $C5{\sim}C6$ 환자들의 경우에는 클릭 스위치를 사용하고, C4환자의 경우에는 고개의 끄덕임을 검출하도록 하는 것이다. 개발된 시스템을 척수손상으로 인한 상지 장애인을 대상으로 평가실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 시행횟수가 증가할수록 상하/좌우 이동시의 목표위치에 대한 실제위치의 오차가 감소하고, 1분당 클릭률이 증가하는 경향을 확인하였다. 이로부터, 개발된 무선 자이로마우스 시스템은 환자의 반복사용을 통해 그 유용성이 증가할 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

This study was introduced the short-term effectiveness of Oriental medicine treatment for lumbar disc herniation inpatients. We selected 208 inpatients with a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-confirmed lumbar disc herniation since June 2012 until August 2012. Their demographics characterisitics, numeric rating scale(NRS) and Oswestry back-related disability index(ODI) for low or leg pain, lumbar flexion and extension angle were assessed at baseline and when discharged from the hospital. When it measured the straight leg raisingscale(SLR), the low side of the angle was examined. Treatment every patient has received as follow; herbal medicine, bee venom, acupuncture and physical examination, spinal manipulation. NRS of low back pain and leg pain and ODI is $5.6{\pm}2.3$, $4.9{\pm}2.8$ and $45.5{\pm}20.0$, respectively at baseline and $2.8{\pm}1.8$, $2.7{\pm}1.9$ and $27.2{\pm}14.1$, respectively when discharged from the hospital. range of motion(ROM) of lumbar flexion and extension angle and SLR is $70.0{\pm}27.1$, $15.4{\pm}7.2$ and $61.3{\pm}23.0$ respectively at baseline and $80.5{\pm}16.9$, $18.25{\pm}4.1$ and $73.2{\pm}14.0$, respectively when discharged from the hospital. It shows that statistically significant improved(P<0.001). Furthermore, regarding patient satisfaction with the treatment, excellent(33.7%), good(55.4%), normal(10.4%), poor(0.5%), it suggests that most patients(89%) satisfied with the treatment.