• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

자기 공명 영상에서 최근에 개발된 fast spin echo 영상법은 종래에 사용되었던 spin echo 영상법과 거의 같은 화질과 contrast를 제공하면서도 8-16배 이상 촬영 시간이 단축되어 임상적으로 많이 사용되는 촬영 방법 중의 하나로 자리 잡았다. 그러나 종래의 spin echo영상법과는 달리, 동시에 spin밀도 영상과T 강조 영상을 제공하는 dual echo 영상법은 fast spin echo의 경우, 촬영 시간이 2배로 늘어나기 때문에 그 중요한 장점을 잃어 버리게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 dual echo를 동시에 얻기 위한 현재의 fast spin echo 영상법의 이와 같은 단점을 해결하는 새로운 영상법을 제안한다. 새로운 영상법은 기존의 fast spin echo와 거의 같은 화질을 제공하면서도 dual echo 영상을 얻는데 추가 촬영 시간을 요구하지 않는다. 이를 입증하기 위하여 인체 실험을 수행하였고 그 결과를 기존의 방법으로 얻은 영상과 비교함으로써 그 유용성을 보인다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1997

Fast spin echo imaging utilizes multiple spin echoes to encode multiple k-space lines instead of multiple $T_2-weighted$ images. As results, intensities in k-space data are varying according to T2 decay, which generates Gibb's artifact in the reconstructed image. The echo time for e encoding dc block determines contrast, as is specified by the effective echo time, however, all location of other echoes to different k-space frequency blocks in fast spin echo imaging is not f fully investigated. In this study, symmetric arrangement of multiple echoes in k-space is investigated to reduce Gibb's artifact. Design of filters based on the measurement of multiple e echo intensities is also proposed in two stage manner, i.e., equalization and filtering. From s simulation and experiment, it was observed that Gibb's phenomena were substantially reduced b by the proposed methods.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

We have evaluated and compared of gradient echo and spin echo EPI for compensating about deeply distortion aspect in case of post-operation patients in magnetic resonance image. A total of 100 patients were performed on 3.0 T(GE Signa Excite E2, USA) with 8ch head coil. As a result of analysis, The SNRs of whiter and gray matter areas were 36.74 $\pm$ 06 and 39.96 $\pm$ 09 in the gradient echo EPI, the SNRs which white and gray matter areas were slightly higher than gradient echo EPI(P<0.005, paired student t-test). It was 46.24 $\pm$ 11 and 51.38 $\pm$ 13 in gradient and spin echo EPI, respectively. The signal intensity in the whiter and gray matter areas also were 87.33 $\pm$ 15.24 and 140.66 $\pm$ 13.45 in the gradient echo EPI techniques, The signal intensity of gradient echo EPI showed higher values compared to spin echo EPI. Otherwise, gradient echo EPI technique is distortion enough to operation wound and edge of the image, while spin echo EPI technique did not appear almost. In this point, the spin echo EPI technique, after surgical operation according to patient state beside gradient echo EPI techniques that signalbeside gradient echo EPI techniques that signal intensity is high and patient's case which image distortion is serious by metal etc, will be provide the useful information in adults and pediatric patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.294-298
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• 1997

In the magnetic resonance imaging, the fast spin echo imaging technique is a widely used clinical imaging method, since its scanning time is much shorter than the conventional spin echo imaging and it gives the almost same image quality. However, the fast spin echo technique has two times longer imaging time or the dual echo acquisition which can obtain a spin density image and a $T_2$-weighted image simultaneously. To overcome such a drawback, this paper proposes a new fast dual echo imaging technique which can give the same quality images at the single echo imaging time. The proposed technique reduces the imaging time by overlapping most of echo train data for each image reconstruction. In order to verify its validity and usability the human head experimental results which were obtained at the 0.3T permanent MRI system are presented.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2012

3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images reconstructed using the maximum intensity projection technique were analyzed qualitatively in patients diagnosed with pancreatobiliary diseases to determine their diagnostic utility. Single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE), fast spin echo (FSE) and 3-dimensional reconstructive images were acquired from 20 patients diagnosed histologically with pancreatobiliary diseases using a 3.0T MR scanner. According to qualitative analysis, the fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images of the hepatic duct, gall bladder and common bile duct had a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than the single shot fast spin echo images. Fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images did not show any differences. The contrast to noise ratio of the hepatic duct, gallbladder and common bile duct on the fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images was higher than that of the single shot fast spin echo images. The fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images showed similar quality.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2153-2154
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• 2006

MR imaging에서 RF pulse에 의한 Spin들의 이동과 dephase, rephase 되는 모양을 Spin visualization을 사용하면 직관적으로 이해할 수 있다. 다양한 각도의 RF pulse 가 여러 번 가해지면, spin echo 외에도 stimulated echo, "eight-ball" echo 등이 나타나기 때문에 직관적으로 echo들을 이해하기가 어려워진다. Spin에 RF pulse가 가해졌을 때, 기존의 2차원의 Profile로 spin들의 상태를 보는 것보다 3차원 공간상에서 spin들의 상태를 살펴봄으로써, 좀 더 쉽게 MR 신호를 이해할 수 있다. 특히 고자장에서 SAR 문제 때문에 낮은 각도의 RF pulse 를 사용하여 영상을 해야 하기 때문에 spin visualization은 새로운 영상 방법을 이해하거나 디자인하는데 중요하다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.941-947
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• 2018

Since the amplitudes of spin echo train in nuclear magnetic resonance logging (NMRL) are small and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is also very low, this paper puts forward an improved de-noising algorithm based on wavelet transformation. The steps of this improved algorithm are designed and realized based on the characteristics of spin echo train in NMRL. To test this improved de-noising algorithm, a 32 points forward model of big porosity is build, the signal of spin echo sequence with adjustable SNR are generated by this forward model in an experiment, then the median filtering, wavelet hard threshold de-noising, wavelet soft threshold de-noising and the improved de-noising algorithm are compared to de-noising these signals, the filtering effects of these four algorithms are analyzed while the SNR and the root mean square error (RMSE) are also calculated out. The results of this experiment show that the improved de-noising algorithm can improve SNR from 10 to 27.57, which is very useful to enhance signal and de-nosing noise for spin echo train in NMRL.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate image blurring according to variation of the ETL and propose the clinically appropriate ETL range. SIEMENS MAGNETOM Skyra 3.0T and 20 channel head coil were used for the study. MRI phantom was kept the lines horizontally to three direction(X,Y,Z) of the coil and T1, T2 weighted images that used the fast spin echo technique acquired. The ETL with increase of 10 was applied from 10 to 80. In addition, the ETL with increase of 1 was applied in the interval statistically significant differences occurred. And T1, T2 weighted images that used the conventional spin echo technique acquired to compare image blurring of the images that used the fast spin echo technique. The slope of lattice in the images was measured using Image J 1.47v program to evaluate image blurring. And image blurring was determined by the degree of the slope. The statistical significance of both techniques was evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test of the SPSS 17.0v. And the correlation of the ETL and image blurring was evaluated quantitatively by regression analysis. The slope of the T1, T2 weighted images that used fast spin echo technique decreased as contrasted with conventional spin echo technique. In the result of the Kruskal-Wallis test, the T1, T2 weighted images that used fast spin echo technique made a significant difference with conventional spin echo technique. Particularly, in the Tomhane' T2 test, the T1, T2 weighted images made a significant difference from ETL 22 and 31 respectively. In the result of the regression analysis, the R-squared of the T1, T2 weighted images are 0.762 and 0.793. It is difficult to apply the long ETL in the T1 weighted image caused by the short TR and multi-slices study. Therefore, clinical impact according to variation of the ETL is very slight in the T1 weighted images. But the application of the proper ETL is demanded in T2 weighted images using the fast spin echo technique in order to prevent image blurring.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1999

목적: 슬관절 반월판 열상의 진단에 있어서 양자밀도강도 고속스핀에코영상을 수술소견과 비교하여 진단의 민감도 및 특이도를 분석하여 고식적스핀에코의 대체 방법으로 사용할 수 있는가 알아보고자 하여다. 대상 및 방법: 임상적으로 슬관절 내장층이 의심되어 슬관절 자기공명영상 검사를 시행하고 2개월 이내에 관절경 또는 관혈적 수술을 시행하여 결과가 확진된 102명을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자에서 1.5T 영상장치를 사용하여 시상면 및 관상면 양자밀도강도 고속스핀에코 자기공명영상 검사를 시행하였다. 수술 결과를 모르는 3명의 방사선과 의사가 후향적으로 반월판 파열 유무에 대해 분서하고 내측 및 외측 반월판 열상의 민감도 및 특이도를 구하였다. 결과: 양자밀도강조 고속스핀에코 자기공명영상으로 분석한 슬관절 반월판 열상의 민감도 및 특이도는 내측 반월판의 경우 각각 94%, 93% 였고 외측이 경우는 각각 92%, 88% 였다. 결론: 양자밀도강조 고속 스핀에코영상은 반월판 열상의 진단에서 고식적 스핀에코영상과 유사하게 높은 민감도와 특이도를 보였다. 따라서 반월판 영상을 진단하는데 고식적 스핀에코영상의 대체방법으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.240-244
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• 1997