• 제목/요약/키워드: spin character

검색결과 31건 처리시간 0.027초

Atmosphere Effects in Low Temperature Pyrolysis of Chemical Solution Derived Pb(Zr, Ti) O3 Films

  • Hwang, Kyu-Seog;Lee, Hyung-Min;Kim, Byung-Hoon
    • The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.199-203
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    • 1998
  • $Pb(Zr, Ti)O_3$ (Pb:Zr:Ti=1:0.52:0.48) thin films were prepared on single crystal MgO(100) substrates by dipping-pyrolysis process using a solution of constituent metal naphthenates as starting materials. The solution was spin-coated onto substrate and the precursor films were pyrolyzed at $200^{\circ}C$ in air or at $200^{\circ}C$ in argon for 1, 2, 5 and 24h, followed by final heat treatment at $750^{\circ}C$. For all the films, highly (h00)/(00l)-oriented Pb$Pb(Zr, Ti)O_3$ thin films with smooth surfaces and crack-free were obtained, whereas thin film pyrolyzed in air for 24 h exhibited polycrystalline character. According to the pole-figure analysis, epitaxy of the product films was found to depend on pyrolysis atmosphere.

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COLD NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES OF FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNETS

  • GARDNER, J.S.;RULE, K.C.;RUFF, J.P.C.;CLANCY, J.P.;GAULIN, B.D.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2011
  • In this paper we review the neutron scattering work performed on 3 different antiferromagnetic pyrochlores which reveal how the character of the magnetic interactions plays a major role on the eventual outcome of the magnetic ground state. $Tb_2Ti_2O_7$, $Er_2Ti_2O_7$ and $Y_2Mo_2O_7$ have all been extensively studied over the past 15 years and are known to display, respectively, spin liquid, long range ordered and glassy ground states. Although detailed experiments have been performed on these compounds, and much is known about their low temperature properties, a detailed theoretical understanding of their ground states remains elusive.

ICOSAHEDRAL CLUSTERS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF $LaCo_{13}$ AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE ALLOYS

  • Fukamichi, K.;Fujita, A.;Ohashi, N.;Hashimoto, M.;Matsubara, E.;Waseda, Y.
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제5권5호
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    • pp.767-771
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    • 1995
  • The atomic structure and magnetic properties of $LaCo_{13}$ amorphous alloy have been investigated and compared with those of its crystalline counterpart. It has been confirmed that the amorphous alloy is composed of the icosahedral clusters with a $NaZn_{13}$-type structure. The magnetic moment and the spin- wave stiffness constant obtained from the magnetic measurements in the amorphous state are larger than those in the crystalline state. The Curie temperature estimated from the reduced magnetization curve for the former is much higher than the value for the latter. The localized magnetic moment character in the amorphous state is stronger than that in the crystalline state.

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A New Functional Model of Catechol Dioxygenases: Properties and Reactivity of [Fe(BLPA)DBC]$BPh_4$

  • Lim, Ji H.;Lee, Ho J.;이강봉;Jang, Ho G.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.1166-1172
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    • 1997
  • [FeⅢ(BLPA)DBC]BPh4, a new functional model for the catechol dioxygenases, has been synthesized, where BLPA is bis((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and DBC is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate dianion. The BLPA complex has a structural feature that iron center has a six-coordinate geometry with N4O2 donor set. It exhibits EPR signals at g=5.5 and 8.0 which are typical values for the high-spin FeⅢ (S=5/2) complex with axial symmetry. The BLPA complex reacts with O2 within a few hours to afford intradiol cleavage (75%) and extradiol cleavage (15%) products which is very unique result of all [Fe(L)DBC] complexes studied. The iron-catecholate interaction of BLPA complex is significantly stronger, resulting in the enhanced covalency of the metal-catecholate bonds and low energy catecholate to FeⅢ charge transfer bands at 583 and 962 nm in CH3CN. The enhanced covalency is also reflected by the isotropic shifts exhibited by the DBC protons, which indicate increased semiquinone character. The greater semiquinone character in the BLPA complex correlates well with its high reactivity towards O2. Kinetic studies of the reaction of the BLPA complex with 1 atm O2 in CH3OH and CH2Cl2 under pseudo-first order conditions show that the BLPA complex reacts with O2 much slower than the TPA complex, where TPA is tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. It is presumably due to the steric effect of the methyl substituent on the pyridine ring. Nevertheless, both the high specificity and the fast kinetics can be rationalized on the basis of its low energy catecholate to FeⅢ charge transfer bands and large isotropic NMR shifts for the BLPA protons. These results provide insight into the nature of the oxygenation mechanism of the catechol dioxygenases.

<슈렉> 캐릭터에 나타난 애니메이션 희극성 연구 (Study of Animation Comicality, Characters in )

  • 이채론
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
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    • 통권38호
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    • pp.145-176
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    • 2015
  • 애니메이션에서 '웃음'은 재미를 위한 중요한 요소다. 드림웍스 애니메이션 <슈렉>은 대중적으로 성공한 애니메이션으로 4편의 시리즈와 스핀오프 애니메이션까지 제작되었으며 작품 전반에 패러디를 전략적으로 활용해 재미를 추구한 성공적인 사례로 자리한다. 이 작품에 대한 기존의 연구들 역시 유머 혹은 패러디, 풍자를 중심으로 탐구되었다. 하지만 대중들이 원하는 재미있는 애니메이션을 제작하기 위하여 애니메이션이 가진 독자적 희극성을 중심으로 살펴본 연구는 부족했다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 애니메이션을 보고자 하는 수신자의 욕망이 현실에 대한 판타지에 근거한다고 보고, 이를 바탕으로 <슈렉>이 가지고 있는 희극성을 애니메이션 캐릭터 중심으로 탐구했다. 애니메이션 캐릭터는 현실의 규칙을 외면하는 재치로 대중과 소통한다. 현실에 존재하지 않는 캐릭터들이 창조되고, 현실세계를 전복시키며 생명력을 가지는 것이다. <슈렉>이 가지고 있는 희극성은 이렇듯 사회의 고정관념과 편견에 대한 유희적 변형에서 시작된다. 디즈니 애니메이션에 의해 고착되었던 동화세계라는 이데올로기를 유쾌하게 변주하며, 현실의 애니메이션 시장에서는 디즈니에게 도전하고, 작품 안에서는 동화라는 세계를 전복시키면서 대중들의 욕망을 해갈시킨다. 그 중심에 몬스터 캐릭터 '슈렉'이 존재한다. 안티의 자리에 위치했던 몬스터 캐릭터를 주인공으로 만들며 동화가 만들어 놓은 규칙들을 무너뜨린다. 이것이 첫 번째, 안티캐릭터의 주체화다. 두 번째는 과장되고 왜곡된 신체를 가진 새로운 안티 캐릭터다. 권력과 야망에 비해 몬스터형 캐릭터보다 비루한 외형을 가진 파과드 영주가 웃음을 선사한다. 세 번째는 다양한 동화 속 캐릭터들의 변주다. 동물, 무생물 가리지 않고 고정된 틀 속에 박혀있던 동화 속 캐릭터들이 고정관념을 탈피해 능청스럽게 등장하면서 극의 활력이 된다. <슈렉>은 동화가 꾸려놓은 현실세계의 고정관념과 편견, 그리고 이데올로기를 재해석하는 과정에서 희극적인 캐릭터를 활용한다. 한국의 성공적인 애니메이션을 위하여 작품의 활력소가 되는 캐릭터 기획의 포맷을 구축할 수 있는데 도움이 되었으면 한다.

(40-x)BaO⋅xFe2O3⋅60P2O5 유리의 Fe3+이온에 관한 전자스핀공명 연구 (Electron Spin Resonance Study of Fe3+ in (40-x)BaO⋅xFe2O3⋅60P2O5 Glasses)

  • 강은태
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 2008
  • (40-x)BaO${\cdot}xFe_2O_3{\cdot}60P_2O_5$ glasses with $5{\leq}x{\leq}35mol%$ were investigated by ESR spectroscopy. Two resonances observed near g=2.0 and g=4.3. The line at g=4.3 disappeared with the increase of the $Fe_2O_3$ content. The resonance at $g{\approx}2.0$ displayed characteristic signal consisting of superposed extremely broad and narrow components. The broader one indicates the presence of the association of two or more $Fe^{3+}$ ions, antiferromagnetically and the narrow one is related to the microclusters involving iron ions. Temperature dependence of the ESR integrated intensity revealed short-range antiferromagnetic character for $x{\geq}15mol%$.

전이금속이 도핑된 ZnO의 전자구조와 자성에 대한 제일원리계산 (First Principles Calculations on Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Transition Metal Doped ZnO)

  • 윤선영;차기범;홍순철
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2005
  • 높은 큐리온도를 가질 수 것으로 예측된 전이금속이 도핑된 ZnO의 전자구조와 자성을 제일원리계산방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 전이금속은 Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pd, Ag 이고 도핑 수준은 25%로 두고 계산하였다. 자성연구에서 가장 적합한 방법으로 알려져 있는 Full-potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave(FLAPW)방법을 사용하였으며 교환-상관 전위는 general gradient approximation(GGA)를 사용하였다. 도핑된 전이금속 (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pd, Ag)은 각각 0.83, 3.03, 4.03, 3.48, 2.47, 1.56, 0.43, 0.75, 0.01 ${\mu}_B$의 자기모멘트를 가지며, 전이금속에 이웃한 O 원자도 가안 띠혼성으로 측정 가능한 자기모멘트를 가질 수도 있는 것으로 계산되었다. 3d 전이금속이 도핑된 ZnO는 (CoZnO를 제외하고) 절반금속 특성을 가지는 것으로 계산되었다. 또한 4d 전이금속이 도핑된 경우는 강자성 상태가 상자성 상태에 비해 에너지차이가 크지 않을 뿐 아니라 페르미 준위에 다수 스핀과 소수 스핀 상태 모두가 페르미 준위에 위치해 있어 스핀분극 정도가 낮았다.

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese(II), Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligand. Potential of Cobalt(III) Complex in Biological Activity

  • El-Tabl, Abdou S.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;El-Seidy, Ahmed M.A.
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제55권6호
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    • pp.919-925
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    • 2011
  • A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.

X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles

  • Singh, Jitendra Pal;Lim, Weon Cheol;Song, Jonghan;Kim, Joon Kon;Chae, Keun Hwa
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.230.2-230.2
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    • 2015
  • Nanoparticles of magnesium ferrite are used as a heterogeneous catalyst, humidity sensor, oxygen sensor and cure of local hyperthermia. These applications usually utilize the magnetic behavior of these nanoparticles. Moreover, magnetic properties of nanoferrites exhibit rather complex behavior compared to bulk ferrite. The magnetic properties of ferrites are complicated by spins at vortices, surface spins. Reports till date indicate strong dependency on the structural parameters, oxidation state of metal ions and their presence in octahedral and tetrahedral environment. Thus we have carried out investigation on magnesium ferrite nanoparticles in order to study coordination, oxidation state and structural distortion. For present work, magnesium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using nitrates of metal ions and citric acid. Fe L-edge spectra measured for these nanoparticles shows attributes of $Fe^{3+}$ in high spin state. Moreover O K-edge spectra for these nanoparticles exhibit spectral features that arises due to unoccupied states of O 2p character hybridized with metal ions. Mg K-edge spectra shows spectral features at 1304, 1307, 1311 and 1324 eV for nanoparticles obtained after annealing at 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, and $1200^{\circ}C$. Apart from this, spectra for precursor and nanoparticles obtained at $300^{\circ}C$ exhibit a broad peak centered around 1305 eV. A shoulde rlike structure is present at 1301 eV in spectra for precursor. This feature does not appear after annealing. After annealing a small kink appear at ~1297 eV in Mg K-edge spectra for all nanoparticles. This indicates changes in local electronic structure during annealing of precursor. Observed behavior of change in local electronic structure will be discussed on the basis of existing theories.

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Band structure, electron-phonon interaction and superconductivity of yttrium hypocarbide

  • Dilmi, S.;Saib, S.;Bouarissa, N.
    • Current Applied Physics
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.1338-1344
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    • 2018
  • Band parameters and superconductivity of yttrium hypocarbide ($Y_2C$) have been investigated. The computations are performed using first-principles pseudopotential method within a generalized gradient approximation. The equilibrium lattice parameters have been determined and compared with experiment. Moreover, the material of interest is found to be stiffer for strains along the a-axis than those along the c-axis. A band-structure analysis of $Y_2C$ implied that the latter has a metallic character. The examination of Eliashberg Spectral Function indicates that Y-related phonon modes as well as C-related phonon modes are considerably involved in the progress of scattering of electrons. By integrating this function, the value of the average electron-phonon coupling parameter (${\lambda}$) is found to be 0.362 suggesting thus that $Y_2C$ is a weak coupling Bardeen-Copper-Schrieffer superconductor. The use of a reasonable value for the effective Coulomb repulsion parameter (${\mu}^*=0.10$) yielded a superconducting critical temperature $T_c$ of 0.59 K which is comparable with a previous theoretical value of 0.33 K. Upon compression (at pressure of 10 GPa) ${\lambda}$ and $T_c$ are increased to be 0.366 and 0.89 K, respectively, showing thus the pressure effect on the superconductivity in $Y_2C$. The spin-polarization calculations showed that the difference in the total energy between the magnetic and non-magnetic $Y_2C$ is weak.