• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.313-315
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• 1994

In this paper, it is consider spike voltage that is generated by ignoring the recovery time of switching device, turn on and turn off time. In the same principle, this spike voltage will be applicable to diode recovery time. The spike voltage causes to break down insulation of input transformer. So, we will show how to remove spike voltage by optimizing value of R and C and using switching diode which have fast recovery time.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2006

This paper introduces the research progress on the artificial brain in the Telerobotics and Control Laboratory at KAIST. This series of studies is based on the assumption that it will be possible to develop an artificial intelligence by copying the mechanisms of the animal brain. Two important brain mechanisms are considered: spike-timing dependent plasticity and dopaminergic plasticity. Each mechanism is implemented in two coding paradigms: spike-codes and rate-codes. Spike-timing dependent plasticity is essential for self-organization in the brain. Dopamine neurons deliver reward signals and modify the synaptic efficacies in order to maximize the predicted reward. This paper addresses how artificial intelligence can emerge by the synergy between self-organization and reinforcement learning. For implementation issues, the rate codes of the brain mechanisms are developed to calculate the neuron dynamics efficiently.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2016

The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of Maitland orthopedic manual therapy, Silver Spike Point, dietary fiber and gymnastic exercise on the improvement of constipation. Forty patients with constipation participated in the study (Maitland Orthopedic Manual Therapy Group(n=10), Silver Spike Point Therapy Group(n=10), Dietary Fiber Group(n=10) and Gymnastics Exercise Group(n=10)). The assessment scale and weekly bowel frequency were measured before and after the experiment. Assessment scale was significantly increased in Silver Spike Point Therapy, Maitland orthopedic therapy, gymnastic exercise compare to dietary fiber. Weekly bowel frequency was significantly increased in gymnastic exercise compared to dietary fiber. The results of this study suggest that Silver Spike Point Therapy, Maitland orthopedic therapy, gymnastic exercise improve the symptom in patients with constipation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07b
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• pp.815-817
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• 1993

In this paper, it is considered spike voltage that is generated by ignoring the recovery time of switching device, turn on and turn off time. In the same principle, this spike voltage will be applicable to diode recovery time. The spike voltage causes to break down insulation of input transformer. So, we will show how to remove spike voltage by optimizing value of R and C and using switching diode which have fast recovery time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.57-61
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• 2004

As a kind of application of laser propulsion, air-breathing laser-spike engine can be designed for aircraft in atmospheric flight. Laser-spike engine generates thrust using the blast wave induced by laser energy instead of combustion process. And this engine use air as propellant, therefore, it need no on board propellant. For experimental study, supersonic wind tunnel and spark generator were used. Flow visualization was performed using 2-dimensional laser-spike engine model And numerical simulation of the corresponding case for the experiment was done and compared with experimental case. Detailed results will be discussed at the presentation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

We have developed and reported several micro-spikes for minimally invasive biopsy. This paper presents a diagnosis protocol for micro-spike biopsy using paraffin-based tissue collecting tool. Using the proposed tissue collecting tool, which has a negative micro-spike structure in a porous chamber, the biopsied tissue in a micro-spike is effectively detached. The proposed diagnosis protocol prevents the loss of tissues in a paraffin embedding and sectioning process. Hence, it is compatible with conventional histopathology without additional reagents and processes. The gastro-intestinal tissue of a pig is biopsied in an in vivo environment, and then it is detached from a micro-spike using the paraffin-based tissue collecting tool. A histopathological photomicrograph of the detached tissue is acquired with the proposed diagnosis protocol. The acquired image offers clinical quality. This result shows that the paraffin-based tissue collecting tool is applicable to the medical practice.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2001

Impulsive sound and vibration signals in gear system are often associated with their faults. Thus these impulsive sound and vibration signals can be used as indicators in condition monitoring of gear system. The traditional continuous wavelet transform has been used for detection of impulsive signals. However, it is often difficult for the continuous wavelet transform to identify spikes at high frequency and meshing frequencies at low frequency simultaneously since the continuous wavelet transform is to apply the linear scaling (a-dilation) to the mother wavelet. In this paper, the spike wavelet transform is developed to extract these impulsive sound and vibration signals. Since the spike wavelet transform is to apply the non-linear scaling, it has better time resolution at high frequency and frequency resolution at low frequency than that of the continuous wavelet transform respectively. The spike wavelet transform can be, therefore, used to detect fault position clearly without the loss of information for the damage of a gear system. The spike wavelet transform is successfully is applied to detection of the gear fault with tip breakage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1986

The influences of extracellular $Ca^{2+}\;and\;K^+$ upon the spike action potentials were studied in isolated uterine strips of rat. Regular, rhythmic uterine contractions were induced by the administration of oxytocin$(0.2{\sim}0.5\;I.U.)$, and recorded with force transducer. Spike action potentials were extracellularly measured by use of suction electrode, and compared with those recorded intracellularly by glass microelectrode. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The frequency and duration of spike bursts, and the number of spikes in a burst could be analyzed by use of both methods. But the absolute values of membrane potential were not measurable with the suction electrode. 2) The duration of contraction$(CD_{90};\;the\;duration\;of\;90%\;relaxation)$ was lengthened from the control 17.0 sec to 20.6 sec, in parallel with the increase of spike number from the control 21 to 26, as the increase in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration from 2 to 4 mM. 3) The amplitude and frequency of contractions were gradually decreased, simultaneously with the decrease in the number of spikes in a burst, when the $Ca^{2+}-antagonist$, verapamil was administered cumulatively. 4) The number of spikes was changed from the control 15 to 7, in cabs of the administration of ver)'low dose of verapamil$(10^{-6}\;g/l)$. 5) Increase in the numbers of spike bursts was well matched to the increase in frequency of contractions when extracellular $K^+$ was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.491-505
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• 2021

We consider linear regression models in high-dimensional settings (p ≫ n) and compare various classes of priors. The spike and slab prior is one of the most widely used priors for Bayesian regression models, but its model space is vast, resulting in a bad performance in finite samples. As an alternative, various continuous shrinkage priors, including the horseshoe prior and its variants, have been proposed. Although each of the above priors has been investigated separately, exhaustive comparative studies of their performance have been conducted very rarely. In this study, we compare the spike and slab prior, the horseshoe prior and its variants in various simulation settings. The performance of each method is demonstrated in terms of the regression coefficient estimation and variable selection. Finally, some remarks and suggestions are given based on comprehensive simulation studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.813-819
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• 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) induces severe respiratory impairment with a reported mortality rate of ~36% in humans. The absence of clinically available MERS-CoV vaccines and treatments to date has resulted in uncontrolled incidence and propagation of the virus. In vaccine design, fusion with the IgG Fc domain is reported to increase the immunogenicity of various vaccine antigens. However, limited reports have documented the potential negative effects of Fc fusion on vaccine antigens. To determine whether Fc fusion affects the immunogenicity of MERS-CoV antigen, we constructed a Fcassociated MERS-CoV spike protein (eS770-Fc, 110 kDa), whereby human IgG4 Fc domain was fused to MERS-CoV spike protein (eS770) via a Gly/Pro linker using baculovirus as the expression system. For comparative analyses, two eS770 proteins lacking the IgG4 Fc domain were generated using the IdeS protease ($eS770-{\Delta}Fc$) or His tag attachment (eS770-His) and the immunogenicity of the above constructs were examined following intramuscular immunization in mice. Contrary to expectations, non-Fc spike proteins ($eS770-{\Delta}Fc$, eS770-His; 90 kDa) showed higher immunogenicity than the Fc fusion protein (eS770-Fc). Moreover, unlike non-Fc spike proteins, eS770-Fc immunization did not elicit neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. The lower immunogenicity of Fc-fused eS770 was related to alterations in the structural conformation of the spike protein. Taken together, our results indicate that IgG Fc fusion reduces the immunogenicity of eS770 by interfering with the proper folding structure.