• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2388-2394
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• 2024

In our previous works, two different spherical burnable poison particles (BPPs) as B₄C and Gd₂O₃ in pin-in block type HTGR core had utilized to suppress the excess reactivity and to control long-term reactivity during the burnup period. In the present work, we performed the neutronic analysis of a prismatic HTGR operating at 850 ℃ with thermal power of 100 MW containing spherical and cylindrical BPPs and then studied the self-shielding effect of BPPs and shape effect. The calculations were performed when the surface area (1) or volume (2) of cylindrical BPPs equals to that of the spherical BPPs. The calculations showed that the neutronic parameters were slightly better for the second case than the first one, such as the excess reactivity of the reactor core at the beginning of the cycle were more suppressed, the core lifetime were more extended, and the fuel-burning were more efficiently. The neutron spectrum in each region of the cylindrical BBPs slightly differs than that of the spherical BPPs. Therefore, the self-shielding effect of BPPs on reactor core performance depends on the particle's geometrical shape.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

Nano- sized spherical $MgB_2$ Powders were synthesized by spray Pyrolysis method. The Influence of solution concentration and furnace reaction temperature on morphology and average particle size were investigated. For adequate preparation conditions, it has mostly spherical, solid and narrow particle size distribution. Average particle size$(X_{50})$ distribution was below 100 nm. The critical temperature for the synthesized $MgB_2$ was around 36K.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.130-136
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• 2003

Rheocasting of AZ91D magnesium alloys yielded the microstructure consisted of the spherical primary particles in the matrix which is different from conventional casting. Rheocast ingots were produced under various processing conditions using batch type rheocaster. Morphology of primary particles was changed from rosette-shape to spherical shape with increasing stirring rate$(V_s)$ and decreasing isothermal stirring temperature$(T_s)$. With increasing $V_s$, more effective shearing between the particles occurred rather than the agglomeration and clustering, so the primary particle size decreased. But with decreasing $T_s$, primary particle size increased mainly due to sintering and partially Ostwald ripening. The sphericity of primary particles increased with increasing $V_s$ and decreasing $T_s$ due to enhanced abrasion among the primary particles. The uniformity of primary particle size increased with increasing Vs and $T_s$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.503-504
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• 2006

The MIM technology is an alternative process for fabricating near net shape components that usually uses gas atomised powders with small size $(<\;20\;{\mu}m)$ and spherical shape. In this work, the possibility of changing partially or totally spherical powder by an irregular and/or coarse one that is cheaper than the former was investigated. In this way, different bronze 90/10 components were fabricated by mixing three different types of powder, gas and water atomised with different particle sizes, in order to evaluate how the particle shape and size affect the MIM process.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of ball mill operation condition on the morphology of raw powders in the dry-type milling process using three types of ball mills traditional ball mill, stirred ball mill and planetary ball mill. Furthermore, since spherical powders offer the best combination of high hardness and high density, the optimum milling condition to produce sphere-shaped powders was studied. The applied rotation speed ranged from 200rpm (low rotation speed) to 700rpm (high rotation speed). The used ball size ranged from 1mm to 5mm. The metal powder morphology was studied using SEM, XRD and PSA. The aimed spherical powders could be obtained under the optimum experimental conditions: traditional ball mill(200rpm, 1mm ball), planetary ball mill (500rpm, 1mm ball) and also planetary ball mill (700rpm, 1 and 3 mm ball). The results show to the development of new material using spherical type copper powder/CNT composites for air-craft and automotive applications.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1139-1150
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• 1999

The evolution of silica aggregate particles in coflow diffusion flames has been studied experimentally using light scattering and thermophoretic sampling techniques. The measurements of scattering cross section from $90^{\circ}$ light scattering have been utilized to calculate the aggregate number density and volume fraction using with combination of measuring the particle size and morphology through the localized sampling and a TEM image analysis. Aggregate or particle number densities and volume fractions were calculated using Rayleigh-Debye-Gans and Mie theory for fractal aggregates and spherical particles, respectively. Of particular interests are the effects of flame temperature on the evolution of silica aggregate particles. As the flow rate of $H_2$ increases, the primary particle diameters of silica aggregates have been first decreased, but, further increase of $H_2$ flow rate causes the diameter of primary particles to increase and for sufficiently larger flow rates, the fractal aggregates finally become spherical particles. The variation of primary particle size along the upward jet centerline and the effect of burner configuration have also been studied.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.603-610
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• 2003

The influence of Poisson's ratio on the tensile strength of brittle materials is neglected in many studies. When brittle materials are loaded in compression or impact, substantial tensile stresses are induced within the materials. These tensile stresses are responsible for splitting failure of the materials. In this paper, the state of stress in a spherical particle due to two diametrically opposed forces is analyzed theoretically. A simple equation for the state of stress at the center of the particle is obtained. An analysis of the distribution of stresses along the z-axis due to distributed pressures and concentrated forces, and on diametrically horizontal plane due to concentrated forces, shows that it is reasonable to propose the tensile stress at the center of the particle at the point of failure as a tensile strength of the particle. Moreover, the tensile strength is a function of the Poisson's ratio of the material. As the state of stress along the z-axis in an irregular specimen tends to be similar to that in a spherical particle compressed diametrically with the same force, this tensile strength has some validity for irregular particles as well. Therefore, it can be proposed as the tensile strength for brittle materials generally. The effect of Poisson's ratio on the tensile strength is discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.501-509
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• 2004

Unipolar diffusion charging of non-spherical particles was investigated for various particle shapes. We researched with TiO$_2$agglomerates produced by the thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor. TTIP was converted into TiO$_2$, in the furnace reactor and was subsequently introduced into the sintering furnace. Increasing the temperature in the sintering furnace, aggregates were restructured into higher fractal dimensions. The aggregates were classified according to their mobility using a differential mobility analyzer. The projection area and the mass fractal dimension of particles were measured with an image processing technique performed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph. The selected aggregates were charged by the indirect photoelectric-charger and the average number of charges per particle was measured by an aerosol electrometer and a condensation particle counter. For the particles of same mobility diameter, our results showed that the particle charge quantity decreases as the sintering temperature increases. This result is understandable because particles with lower fractal dimension have larger capacitance and geometric surface area.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.297-301
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• 2008

In many dynamic seals such as lip seal and compression packings, it is well known that wear occur at the surface of heat treated steel shaft as results of the intervened wear particle. It is widely understood that the dominant wear mechanism related in sealing surfaces is abrasive wear. However, little analytical and experimental studies about this problems have been done until now. In this paper, a contact analysis is carried out using MARC to investigate the wear mechanism in contact seal applications considering elastomeric seal, a elastic perfect-plastic micro-spherical particle and steel surface. Deformed seal shapes, contact and von-Mises stress distributions for various particle sizes and interference are showed. The maximum von-Mises stress within steel shaft was exceeded its yield strength and plastic deformation occurred at steel surface. Therefore, the sealing surface can be also worn by sub-surface fatigue due to wear particles together with well known abrasion. The numerical methods and models used in this paper can be applied in design of dynamic sealing systems, and further intensive studies are required.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.570-576
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• 2016

Using the ultrasonic pyrolysis method, spherical $SiO_2$ powders were synthesized from aqueous $SiO_2$ sol as a starting material. The effects of pyrolysis conditions such as reaction temperature, $SiO_2$ sol concentration, and physical properties of precursor were investigated for the morphologies of the resulting $SiO_2$ powders. The particle size, shape, and crystallite size of the synthesized $SiO_2$ powders were demonstrated according to the pyrolysis conditions. Generally, the synthesized $SiO_2$ particles were amorphous phase and showed spherical morphology with a smooth surface. It was revealed that increased crystallite size and decreased spherical $SiO_2$ particle size were obtained with increases of the pyrolysis reaction temperature. Also, quantity of spherical $SiO_2$ particles decreased with the decrease in the concentration and surface tension of the precursor.