• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1247-1247
• /
• 2001

Constituents of animal biofluids such as milk, blood and urine contain information specifically related to metabolic and health status of the ruminant animals. Some changes in composition of biofluids can be attributed to disease response of the animals. Mastitis is a major problem for the global dairy industry and causes substantial economic losses from decreasing milk production and reducing milk quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential of NIRS combined with multivariate analysis for cow's mastitis diagnosis based on NIR spectra of milk, blood and urine. A total of 112 bulk milk, urine and blood samples from 4 Holstein cows were analyzed. The milk samples were collected from morning milking. The urine samples were collected before morning milking and stored at -35$^{\circ}C$ until spectral analysis. The blood samples were collected before morning milking using a catheter inserted into the carotid vein. Heparin was added to blood samples to prevent coagulation. All milk samples were analyzed for somatic cell count (SCC). The SCC content in milk was used as indicator of mastitis and as quantitative parameter for respective urine and blood samples collected at same time. NIR spectra of blood and milk samples were obtained by InfraAlyzer 500 spectrophotometer, using a transflectance mode. NIR spectra of urine samples were obtained by NIR System 6500 spectrophotometer, using 1 mm sample thickness. All samples were divided into calibration set and test set. Class variable was assigned for each sample as follow: healthy (class 1) and mastitic (class 2), based on milk SCC content. SIMCA was implemented to create models of the respective classes based on NIR spectra of milk, blood or urine. For the calibration set of samples, SIMCA models (model for samples from healthy cows and model for samples from mastitic cows), correctly classified from 97.33 to 98.67% of milk samples, from 97.33 to 98.61% of urine samples and from 96.00 to 94.67% of blood samples. From samples in the test set, the percent of correctly classified samples varied from 70.27 to 89.19, depending mainly on spectral data pretreatment. The best results for all data sets were obtained when first derivative spectral data pretreatment was used. The incorrect classified samples were 5 from milk samples,5 and 4 from urine and blood samples, respectively. The analysis of changes in the loading of first PC factor for group of samples from healthy cows and group of samples from mastitic cows showed, that separation between classes was indirect and based on influence of mastitis on the milk, blood and urine components. Results from the present investigation showed that the changes that occur when a cow gets mastitis influence her milk, urine and blood spectra in a specific way. SIMCA allowed extraction of available spectral information from the milk, urine and blood spectra connected with mastitis. The obtained results could be used for development of a new method for mastitis detection.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 2014

가곡광산은 스카른형 광상으로서 섬아연석, 방연석, 황동석, 자류철석 등의 황화광물을 수반한다. 이러한 광물은 전극분극에 의한 IP effect가 크기 때문에 광대역유도분극(spectral induced polarization; SIP)법을 이용하여 효과적으로 탐사할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 황화광물 함량 및 입자의 크기를 지시하는 충전도와 시간상수를 실내 SIP 측정을 통하여 구하고 이로부터 가곡광산 내 두 광체에 대한 광화작용 차이를 비교하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 남쪽의 월곡광체와 북쪽의 선곡광체를 대상으로 시료를 채취하였다. 시료의 광화작용 특성을 파악하기 위해 휴대용 XRF 측정기를 이용하여 금속의 함량을 측정했고, 실내 암석 SIP 측정시스템을 이용하여 SIP 자료를 획득했다. XRF 측정결과 가곡광산 광체는 철, 아연, 납, 구리 등의 금속을 수반하고 있다. 특히 아연과 철의 함량이 다른 금속과 비교하여 매우 높았고, 이 두 금속은 현미경 관찰을 통하여 섬아연석과 자류철석에 의한 영향으로 판단하였다. SIP 등가회로 분석 결과, 월곡광체가 선곡광체에 비하여 금속의 함량이 더 높았기 때문에 황화광물을 더 많이 수반하는 것으로 판단했고, 이는 SIP에서 충전도의 결과와 잘 부합한다. 반면 선곡광체의 시간상수가 더 컸기 때문에 선곡광체가 월곡광체보다 황화광물 입자 크기가 더 큰 것으로 판단했다.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2014

Objectives Sensory gating dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been investigated through two similar methods ; P50 suppression and prepulse inhibition paradigms. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the two measures are not correlated but rather constitute as distinct neural processes. Recent studies adopting spectral frequency analysis suggest that P50 suppression reflects the interaction between gamma and other frequency bands. The aim of the present study is to investigate which frequency component shows more significant interaction with gamma band. Methods A total of 108 mood disorder patients and 36 normal subjects were included in the study. The P50 responses to conditioning and test stimuli with an intra-pair interval of 500 msec were measured in the study population. According to P50 ratio (amplitude to the test stimulus/amplitude to the conditioning stimulus), the subjects with P50 ratio less than 0.2 were defined as suppressed group (SG) ; non-suppressed group (NSG) consisted of P50 ratio more than 0.8. Thirty-five and 25 subjects were included in SG and NSG, respectively. Point-to-point correlation coefficients (PPCCs) of both groups were calculated between two time-windows : the first window (S1) was defined as the time-window of one hundred millisecond after the conditioning auditory stimulus and the second window (S2) was defined as the time-window of 100 msec after the test auditory stimulus. Spectral frequency analysis was performed to investigate which frequency band results in the difference of PPCC between SG and NSG. Results Significant reduction of PPCC between S1 and S2 was observed in the SG (Pearson's r = 0.24), compared to PPCC of the NSG (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). In spectral frequency analysis, gamma band showed "phase-reset" and similar responses after the two auditory stimuli in suppressed and non-suppressed group. However in the case of alpha band, comparison showed significantly low PPCC in SG (r = -0.14) compared to NSG (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). This may be reflecting "phase-out" of alpha band against gamma band at approximately 50 msecs after the test stimulus in the SG. Conclusions Our study suggests that normal P50 suppression is caused by phase-out of alpha band against gamma band after the second auditory stimulus. Thus it is demonstrated that normal sensory gating process is constituted with attenuated alpha power, superimposed on consistent gamma response. Implications of preserved gamma and decreased alpha band in sensory gating function are discussed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.3207-3213
• /
• 2011

조명 변화에 관계없이 물체의 원래 색을 결정할 수 있는 색 항등성 기법은 저조도 환경에 적합하지 않다. 이러한 저조도 환경을 고려한 색 항등성 기법을 위해 우선적으로 다양한 저조도 환경의 영상이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 분광 데이터에 기반한 저조도 합성 영상 집합과 저조도 자연 영상 집합을 생성한다. 합성 영상 집합은 380~780nm의 5nm 단위로 보간된 카메라의 센서 반응 함수, 일루미넌트 분광분포(SPD) 그리고 분광 반사율 곡선을 사용하여 생성되며, 52,000개의 영상들로 구성된다. 자연 영상 집합은 Ebner 데이터 집합과 일루미넌트의 SPD를 기반으로 생성한 4,970개의 영상들로 구성된다. 영상 집합은 실측 분광 데이터와 물리적인 영상 형성 모델을 바탕으로 생성되기 때문에 저조도 환경에서의 색 변화 및 분포를 객관적이고 정량적으로 분석하는 것이 가능한 장점을 갖는다. 또한, 이 영상 집합은 Ground Truth Data를 포함하고 있어 색 항등성 기법의 평가를 위해 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2020

In this study earthquake records were collected for rock conditions that do not reflect seismic amplification by soil from global earthquake databases such as PEER, USGS, and ESMD. The collected earthquake records were classified and analyzed based on the magnitude and distance of earthquakes. Based on the analyzed earthquakes, the design response spectrum shape, effective ground acceleration, and amplification ratios for each period band are presented. In addition, based on the analyzed data, the story shear force for 5F, 10F, 15F, and 20F were derived through an analysis of the elastic time history for multi-DOF structures. The results from analyzing the rock earthquake record show that the seismic load tends to be amplified greatly in the short period region, which is similar to results observed from the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes. In addition, the results of the multi-DOF structure analysis show that existing seismic design criteria can be underestimated and designed in the high-order mode of short- and medium-long cycle structures.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2020

The empirical Green's function method is applied to the foreshock and the mainshock of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake to simulate strong ground motions of the mainshock and scenario earthquake at seismic stations of seven metropolises in South Korea, respectively. To identify the applicability of the method in advance, the mainshock is simulated, assuming the foreshock as the empirical Green's function. As a result of the simulation, the overall shape, the amplitude of PGA, and the duration and response spectra of the simulated seismic waveforms are similar with those of the observed seismic waveforms. Based on this result, a scenario earthquake on the causative fault of Gyeongju earthquake with a moment magnitude 6.5 is simulated, assuming that the mainshock serves as the empirical Green's function. As a result, the amplitude of PGA and the duration of simulated seismic waveforms are significantly increased and extended, and the spectral amplitude of the low frequency band is relatively increased compared with that of the high frequency band. If the empirical Green's function method is applied to several recent well-recorded moderate earthquakes, the simulated seismic waveforms can be used as not only input data for developing ground motion prediction equations, but also input data for creating the design response spectra of major facilities in South Korea.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.405-423
• /
• 2020

Non-linear energy sink (NES) is an emerging passive absorber able to mitigate the dynamic response of structures without any external energy supply, resonating with all the modes of the primary structure to control. However, its inherent non-linearities hinder its large-scale use and leads to complicated design procedures. For this purpose, an approximate design approach is herein proposed in a stochastic framework. Since loads are random in nature, the stochastic analysis of non-linear systems may be performed by means of computational intensive techniques such as Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). Alternatively, the Stochastic Linearisation (SL) technique has proven to be an effective tool to investigate the performance of different passive control systems under random loads. Since controlled systems are generally non-classically damped and most of SL algorithms operate recursively, the computational burden required is still large for those problems that make intensive use of SL technique, as optimal design procedures. Herein, a procedure to speed up the Stochastic Linearisation technique is proposed by avoiding or strongly reducing numerical evaluations of response statistics. The ability of the proposed procedure to effectively reduce the computational effort and to reliably design the NES is showed through an application on a well-known case study related to the vibrations mitigation of an aircraft wing.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.234.2-234.2
• /
• 2015

Recently, the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT)-like effect in metamaterials has attracted enormous interest. Metamaterial analogs of EIT enable promising applications in slow-light devices, low-loss metamaterial, quantum optics, and novel sensors. In this work, we experimentally and numerically studied a bilayer metamaterial for controllable EIT-like spectral response at microwave frequencies. Bilayer metamaterial consists of two snake-shape resonators (SSRs) with one and two bars. The transmission spectra were measured in a frequency range of 4 - 8 GHz in an anechoic chamber at normal incidence. It is found that two SSRs in the metamaterial are activated in bright modes, and the coupling between two bright modes leads to the EIT-like effect, which results in the enhanced transmission at 5.61 GHz. Furthermore, we confirm that the EIT-like feature could be controlled by adjusting the geometric parameters of metamaterial structure. Our work provides a way to tunable EIT-like effect and various potential applications including filters, sensors, and other microwave devices.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.45-47
• /
• 2017

The Infrared Camera onboard the AKARI satellite carried out spectroscopic observations with a grism mode named NG, whose wavelength coverage was $2.5-5.0{\mu}m$. We reinvestigate the current flux calibration for the NG grism mode, with which calculated flux density implausibly decreases at $4.9{\mu}m$ especially for red objects due to the second-order light contamination. We perform a new spectral response calibration using blue and red standard objects simultaneously. New response curves which contain both the first-and second-order light are able to separate each contribution consistently and useful for studies of red objects such as CO ro-vibrational absorption in active galactic nuclei.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권10호
• /
• pp.1229-1238
• /
• 2002

In this paper, a method to obtain the sensitivity of eigenvalues and the random responses of the structure with uncertain parameters is proposed. The concept of the proposed method is that the perturbed equation of each uncertain substructure is obtained using the finite element method, and the perturbed equation of the overall structure is obtained using the mode synthesis method. By this way, the reduced order perturbed equation of the uncertain system can be obtained. And the response of the uncertain system is obtained using probability method. As a numerical example, a simple piping system is considered as an example structure. The damping and spring constants of the support are considered as the uncertain parameters. Then the variations of the eigenvalues, the correlation function and the power spectral density function of the responses are calculated. As a result, the proposed method is considered to be useful technique to analyze the sensitivities of eigenvalues and random response against random excitation in terms of the accuracy and the calculation time.