• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2022

In this study, the inhibition of ammonia on anaerobic digestion of butyric acid was evaluated and the potential alleviating effects of such ammonia inhibition by the addition of magnetite particles were investigated. Independent anaerobic batch tests fed with butyric acid as a sole organic source were conducted in twenty 60-mL glass bottles with 10 different treatment conditions, comprising ammonia: 0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 7.0 g total ammonia nitrogen (TAN)/L and magnetite particles: 0 mM and 20 mM. The increase in ammonia concentration did not cause significant inhibition on methane yield; however, a significant inhibition on lag time and specific methane production rate was observed. The IC₅₀ in the control treatments (without magnetite addition) was estimated as 6.2654 g TAN/L. A similar inhibition trend was observed in magnetite-added treatments; however, the inhibition effect by ammonia was significantly alleviated in lag time and specific methane production rate when compared to those in the control treatments. The lag time was shortened by 1.6-46.3%, specific methane production rate was improved by 6.0-69.0%. In the magnetite-added treatments, IC₅₀ was estimated as 8.5361 g TAN/L. This study successfully demonstrated the potential of magnetite particles as an enhancer in anaerobic digestion of butyric acid under conditions of ammonia stress.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2009

안양천 공단 주변 슬러지를 미생물 접종원으로 무기염배지에 10 g/L의 자당을 첨가하여 수소 생산 균주 MeL 6-2을 분리하였다. 분리 균주 MeL 6-2은 호기성조건과 혐기성 조건에서 모두 생장하는 통성 혐기성 균주 Rhodopseudomonas sp.였다. 유기성 폐기물 내에 다량 함유되어있는 포도당과 자당의 농도변화가 수소 생산 속도 및 수소 생성효율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 포도당을 1~12 g/L의 범위로 첨가할 경우 lag phase 없이 생장하였으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 단위시간 및 단위부피당 수소 생산성 이 증가하여, 10 g/L에서 최대값인 $4.2\;mmol-H_2{\cdot}L^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$을 보이고 그 이후 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 균체량에 대한 수소생산수율은 $0.76{\sim}2.46\;L-H_2{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}$의 값을 보였으며, 첨가된 기질인 포도당에 의한 수소생산수율은 $2.6{\sim}3.1\;mol-H_2{\cdot}mol-glucose^{-1}$의 범위였다. 자당을 1~12 g/L의 범위에서 첨가할 경우 약 10시간의 지체기 후 원할한 생장을 보였다. 단위시간 및 단위 세포무게 당 비수소 생산속도는 및 수소 생산수율은 자당의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하여 각각 $163\;mmol-H_2{\cdot}mg-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 및 $4.5\;mol-H_2{\cdot}mol-glucose^{-1}$의 최대값을 보였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1988

This study was conducted to relate among growth characteristics, quality, and chemical components for flue-cored tobacco. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Starch content in harvested green leaf was correlated negatively with leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf weight of harvested green leaf, respectively, while positively with total sugar content in cured leaf, and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width of harvested green leaf. 2. Organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively, and total nitrogen in the soil negatively with total sugar content in cured leaf. 3, Amount of fertilizer, application date of MH, priod of harvesting, and yield were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively , while negatively with total sugar content. Application amount of MH was correlated positively with total sugar content, but negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. Also amount of compost was correlated negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. 4. The ratio of total sugar to nicotine (TS/N) per plant was correlated positively with price (Won/kg) and specific leaf area, but negatively with leaf length. leaf width, leaf area, harvested leaves, and leaf weight in cured leaves, respectively. Yield was correlated negatively with TS/N per plant. 5. TS/N of the best quality tobacco per plant was 12.0. Those of the best quality tobacco in each stalk position were 42.1 for first~third leaf, 28.4 for 4th~6th leaf , 23.7 for 7th~9th leaf, 7.7 for l0th~12th leaf , and 7.8 for over 13th leaf from bottom, respectively. 6, When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of growth characteristics per plant were 100.5 $\pm$ 10.3g for leaf dry weight, 755.1$\pm$53.2cm for leaf length, 294.4$\pm$25.1cm for leaf width, 8, 892$\pm$111cm2 for leaf area, 16.0$\pm$0.6 leaves for harvested leaves, and 7.32$\pm$0.44mg/cm2 for specific leaf area, respectively. 7. When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of chemical components per plant were 1.92$\pm$0.28% for nicotine content, and 20.4$\pm$ 1.4 % for total sugar content, and that of yield was 238.3$\pm$ 9.8kg/10a.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.39-45
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• 1964

10개 장려품종(재래종)과 10개 도입종(임의선택)을 4월 15일부터 15일 격으로 파종하여 7개파종기에 대해서 조사된 10개 형질상호간의 표현형상관, 유전상관 및 유전력을 계산하고 유전상관을 다시 그들에 작용한 직접적 및 간접적인 영향으로 분석하여 재래종들의 특징을 도입종들과 대조하여 고찰하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유전상관이 표현형상관보다 높았으며 전반적으로 높은 상관을 보였는데 이것은 고정된 품종으로서 실험했으며 적절한 환경분산이 제거되지 못한 때문이며 그러나 형질상호간의 관련정도를 상대적으로 추정할 수는 있었다. 2. 파종시기에 따라서 형질간의 관련정도가 다르며 따라서 특정재배시기에 대해서는 그에 따르는 특성이 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각 되었다. 3. 도입종은 재래종과 많은 점에서 차이가 있었는데 그 중에서도 간장, 경태 100입중에서는 타형질과 관련하는 방향 및 정도가 서로 크게 달랐다. 4. 재래종들의 도전력은 결실일수와 100입종을 제하고는 일반적으로 도입종에 비하여 떨어졌다. 이것은 재래종들은 품종간에 특성의 차가 적은 때문이라고 해석되었다. 5. 조사된 형질들과 수량과의 관련은 경로계수를 통해서 직접적인 간접적 영향으로 분해하고 수량에 대해서 각 기 경로계수가 차지하는 비중을 결정지수로서 표시하여 보았다. 6. 도입종의 특성들을 재래종에 결합시키는데 있어 여기 분석한 결과의 응용성에 대해 간단히 논의되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1319-1324
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness of different indicators of mammary inflammation in buffalo and to evaluate the association of the indicators with buffalo milk yield, composition, and rennet coagulation properties. This study was carried out at four buffalo farms in central Italy using a total of 50 lactating buffalo. Milk from each buffalo was tested at the beginning, middle, and end of lactation. To evaluate the relationship between mastitis markers and milk components, three classes were defined for each of the following markers: total somatic cell count (TSCC), differential somatic cell count (DSCC), and bacteriological results The regression coefficient for the reference method and the alternative method of determining TSCC was 0.81, indicating that the method routinely used to analyze buffalo milk consistently underestimated actual TSCC. The milk samples positive for udder-specific bacteria also had higher TSCC values than the samples that were negative for bacteria ($872{\times}10^3$/ml vs. $191{\times}10^3$/ml). In samples that were positive for udder-specific bacteria, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) made up greater than 50% of the cells. Moreover, only 1% of the samples in the lowest TSCC class were positive for bacteria. The correlation between TSCC and PMN was stronger (0.70), and PMN values in buffalo milk increased significantly when the TSCC class changed from low (38%) to medium and high (56% and 64%). Milk yield was negatively related to TSCC. Significant changes in lactose (4.87%, 4.80% and 4.64%) and chloride content (0.650 mg/ml, 0.862 mg/ml and 0.882 mg/ml) were also observed with increasing TSCC values. Higher TSCC was associated with impaired rennet coagulation properties: the clotting time increased, while the curd firming time ($p{\leq}0.05$) and firmness decreased. We concluded that in buffalo as in dairy cows, TSCC is a valid indicator of udder inflammation; we also confirmed that a value of $ 200{\times}10^3 cells/ml should be used as the threshold value for early identification of an animal affected by subclinical mastitis. In addition to its association with significantly decreased milk yield, a TSCC value above this threshold value was associated with changes in milk composition and coagulating properties.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.375-378
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• 2002

군포 공단 주변 슬러지를 미생물 접종원으로 무기염배지에 10g/ ${\ell}$ 의 sucrose를 첨가하여 수소 생산 균주 Ye 13-6을 분리하였다. 분리 균주 Ye 13-6은 호기성조건과 혐기성 조건에서 모두 생장하는 통성 혐기성 균주였다. 유기성 폐기물 내에 다량 함유되어있는 glucose와 sucrose의 농도변화가 수소 생산 속도 및 수소 생성효율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. Glucose를 1${\sim}$12g/ ${\ell}$ 의 범위로 첨가할 경우 lag phase 없이 생장하였으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 수소 비생산속도가 증가하여, 12g/ ${\ell}$ 에서 $60mmol-H_2\;{\cdot}\;mg-DCW^{-1}\;{\cdot}\;h^{-1}$의 최대값을 나타내었으며, 수소 생산 수율은 2.6 ${\sim}$3.1 $mol-H_2\;{\cdot}\;mol-glucose^{-1}$의 범위였다. Sucrose를 $1{\sim}12g/\;{\ell}$ 의 범위에서 첨가할 경우 약 10시간의 lag phase 후 원활한 생장을 보였다. 비생산속도는 및 수소 생산수율은 sucrose 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하여 각각 $163mmol-H_2\;{\cdot}\;mg-DCW^{-1}\;{\cdot}\;h^{-1}$ 및 $4.5\;mol-H_2\;{\cdot}\;mol-glucose^{-1}$의 최대값을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 1997

인삼포의 관행해가림 (볏짚피복, 투광율 3％)과 개량해가림(P.E. 차광망피복, 투광율 10％)의 해가림간 인삼 개체군의 군낙구조를 비교하기 위해서 년근별 (2, 4, 6년근), 재식위치별, 높이별로 엽면적, 비엽중(S.L.W,), 경엽의 건물중 및 조도의 분포를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 투광률(지상 40cm부위)은 2년근에서 관행해가림은 전행이 3％, 중간행이 2％, 후행이 1.5％였으며 평균 2.2％로 행간에 차이가 심했으나, 개량해가림에서는 전행이 12％, 중간행이 10％, 후행이 8％였으며 평균 10％로 투광률이 증가되어 행간의 차이가 근소하였다. 4, 6년근에서는 관행해가림의 광환경이 더욱 악화되었으나 개량해가림에서는 수광량이 행간의 차이가 근소하였다. 2. 2년근에서 재식위치별로 엽면적, 비엽중, 경 및 잎의 건물중 분포는 관행해가림과 개량해가림간에 차이가 근소하였다. 3. 4년근에서 재식위치별로 엽면적, 경, 엽의 건물중 분포가 관행해가림에서는 전행 및 중간행부분에 많이 분포되고 후행쪽은 적은 반면, 개량해가림에서는 행간에 차이가 적고 고루 분포되었으며 이러한 경향은 6년근시에 더욱 심하여 통로쪽의 지상부 건물중이 관행해가림은 개량해가림보다 현저히 증가하였다. 4. 근수량은 개량해가림이 관행해가림에 비해 28％증가되었으며, 재식위치별 근수량 지수는 관행해가림은 전행인 1∼2행이 높은 반면 개량해가림은 5행을 제외하고는 각행 고르게 분포되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2002

The general and specific combining abilities and hybrid vigour of seven polyvoltine breeds [BL24, BL62, BL6S, BL67, BL68, BL69, and Pure Mysore (PM)] with five bivoltine breeds (NB4D2, CSR2, CSR5, CSR18 and CSR19) were evaluated in a line ${times}$ tester design by analysing six quantitative traits viz., fecundity, yield 110,000 larvae both by number and weight, cocoon weight, shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. ANOVA estimates showed significant effects for all the traits indicating the role of both additive and non- additive gene actions. Estimation of GCA revealed that the breed BL67 exhibited significant positive effects toy all the six traits followed by BL68 for four important economic traits viz., fecundity, cocoon weight, shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. Among testers, CSR5 showed significant GCA effects for five traits whereas CSR2 exhibited for shell weight and shell ratio. Three hybrids viz., BL67${times}$ NB4D2, BL67 ${times}$CSR5 and BL67${times}$ CSR19 excelled in four quantitative traits for SCA. Majority of the hybrids expressed positive hybrid vigour for cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight and shell weight. Four hybrids namely PM ${times}$ NB4D2, BL67 ${times}$NB4D2, BL67${times}$ CSR5 and BL67${times}$ CSR19 manifesting positive hybrid vigour for five economic traits were adjudicated as best Heterotic hybrids and recommended for commercial exploitation to increase the silk yield.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1295-1299
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• 2008

Soil erosion is a natural process and has been occurring in most areas in the watershed. However, accelerated soil erosion rates have been causing numerous environmental impacts in recent years. To reduce soil erosion and sediment inflow into the water bodies, site-specific soil erosion best management practices (BMPs) need to be established and implemented. The most commonly used soil erosion model is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which have been used in many countries over 30 years. The Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) ArcView GIS system has been developed and enhanced to estimate the soil erosion and sediment yield from the watershed using the USLE input data. In the last decade, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model also has been widely used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield at a watershed scale. The SATEEC system estimates the LS factor using the equation suggested by Moore and Burch, while the SWAT model estimates the LS factor based on the relationship between sub watershed average slope and slope length. Thus the SATEEC and SWAT estimated soil erosion values were compared in this study. The differences in LS factor estimation methods in the SATEEC and SWAT caused significant difference in estimated soil erosion. In this study, the difference was -51.9%(default threshold)$\sim$-54.5%(min. threshold) between SATEEC and non-patched SWAT, and -7.8%(default threshold)$\sim$+3.8%(min. threshold) between SATEEC and patched SWAT estimated soil erosion.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.168-168
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• 2017

Drought conditions during cultivation reduce agricultural production yield less than a theoretical maximum yield under normal condition. Plant specific NAC transcription factors in rice are known to play an essential roles in stress resistance transcriptional regulation. In this study, we report the rice (Oryza sativa L japonica) NAM, AFTF and CUC transcription factor OsNAC17, which is predominantly induced by abiotic stress in leaf, was contribute to the drought tolerance mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transgenic rice plants. Constitutive (PGD1) promoter was introduced to overexpress OsNAC17 and produced the transgenic PDG1:OsNAC17. Overexpression of OsNAC17 throughout the whole plant improved drought resistance phenotype at the vegetative stage. Morphological characteristics such as grain yield, grain filling rate, and total grain weight improved by 22~64% over wild type plants under drought conditions during the reproductive stage. The improved drought tolerance in transgenic rice was involved in reducing stomatal density up to 15% than in wild type plants and in increasing reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzyme. DEG profiling experiment identified 119 up-regulated genes by more than twofold (P<0.01). These genes included UDP-glycosyltransferase family protein, similar to 2-alkenal reductase (NADPH-dependent oxireductase), similar to retinol dehydrogenase 12, Lipoxygenase, and NB-ARC domain containing protein related in cell death. Furthermore, OsNAC17 was act as a transcriptional activator, which has an activation domain in C-terminal region. These result demonstrate that the overexpression of OsNAC17 improve drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging enzymes and by reducing stomatal density