• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to define the normal findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the clinically healthy Beagle dogs and to provide basic information in diagnosis of neurologic disorders. CSF obtained from 13 clinically healthy dogs was examined for total and differential cell counts, total protein concentration, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, specific gravity, turbidity, and protein electrophoresis. On gross examination, CSF samples evaluated were clear and colorless. Few red blood cells and nucleated cells were present. The mean concentration of glucose and LDH examined were 65.8 mg/dl and 2.7 mg/dl, respectively. The cellular components of CSF samples based on differential counts were monocytes (41.9%), activated macrophages (35.8%), lymphocytes (20.0%), neutrophils (1.6%), and eosinophils (0.7%). The fractions of electrophoretic protein in CSF were albumin (52.7%), alpha-globulin (16.5%), beta-globulin (24.8%), and gamma-globulin (3.0%). Results of albumin quota were ranged from 0.15 to 0.38. In conclusion, this study provided normal composition of CSF in Beagle dogs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.467-473
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• 2011

Objectives: Wastewater treatment plants typically produce a large volume of waste sludge. In this study, the conditioning and dewatering properties of a digested and thickened sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant were investigated in order to improve the dewaterbility of the sludge. Methods: Jar-tests and Buchner funnel tests were carried out to assess the conditioning and dewatering properties of a waste sludge. TTF (Time to Filter Test) and SRF (Specific Resistance to Filtration) were adopted as the indices of sludge dewaterbility. Results: The valuation indices influencing the dewaterbility of the waste sludge, including TTF, SRF, water contents, VS/TS ratio and turbidity, were measured. The TTF and SRF of the digested and thickened sludge were decreased to 40 sec, $3.43{\times}10^{12}$ m/kg, and 39 sec, $1.09{\times}10^{12}$ m/kg, respectively. Conclusions: The conditioner composed of natural inorganic materials turned out to be effective in the reduction of sludge water contents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of improving dewaterability and settleability of sewage sludge using coagulation sludge. When mixed with sewage sludge and coagulation sludge at 1:1 ratio, capillary suction time(CST) and specific resistance to filtration(SRF) decreased by about 56% and 68%, respectively. It is found that total solids(TS) and volatile solids(VS) of mixing sludge are increased by about 59% and 53%, respectively. Also, the turbidity of the mixing sludge supernatant was reduced from 99 to 16 NTU. It is observed that the mixing of sewage sludge and coagulation sludge at 1:1 showed better effect than using poly-aluminum chloride(PAC) coagulant at 25 mg/L.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2004

Coagulation process is one of the most important processes in water treatment procedures for stable and economical operation, and coagulant dosing of this process for most plants is generally determined by the jar test. However, this method does not only take a long time to analyze and get the result but also has difficulties in applying to automatic control. This paper shows the feasibility of applying neural network to control the coagulant dosing automatically in water treatment plant. To be specific, the predicted results of the neural network model is shown to be similar to that of jar test. The input variables for learning the neural network are turbidity, water temperature, pH, and alkalinity. Combining the neural network and SCD(Streaming Current Detector) for feedforward and feedback control of injecting coagulant, a rapid change of the raw water quality can be accommodated.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.667-669
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• 2003

A bio-optical model was developed specific for turbid and shallow waters. Special studies were carried out to estimate absorption and scattering properties as well as backscattering probability of suspended matter. The inversion of bio-optical model allows for direct retrieval of turbidity and chlorophyll- a from the visible-near infrared (VNIR) range sensor. Time-series satellite imagery from ASTER AM-1 sensor, were used to monitor the Laguna de Bay water quality condition. Spatial distribution of temperature for the lake was extracted from the thermal infrared (TIR) sensor. Corresponding field surveys were conducted to parameterize the bio -optical model. In-situ measurements include suspended particle and chlorophyll-a concentrations profiles from nephelometric devices and processing of water samples. Hyperspectral measurements were used to validate results of the bio -optical model and satellite- based estimation. This study provides a theoretical basis and a practical illustration of applying space- based measurements on an operational basis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of sodium alginate, gum karaya and gum arabic on the foaming properties of sodium caseinate, surface tension, specific viscosity, turbidity, foaming ability and foam stability of the caseinate solution with added gums were examined. Surface tensions of the 5%(w/v) protein solutions containing gums at pH 7.0 and 8.0 were $43.7{\sim}44.7dyne/cm$ and $43.6{\sim}44.0 dyne/cm$, respectively. Specific viscosities of the solutions with 0.2 and 0.3% sodium alginates were 15.6 and 39.1 at pH 7.0 (control, 2.8), and 12.1 and 8.2 at pH 8.0 (control, 2.6), respectively. Turbidities were $69.5{\sim}74.0$ at pH 7.0 and $68.0{\sim}72.5$ at pH 8.0. The optimum conditions for foaming ability of the solutions were 0.1% conc. and 15 min whipping in addition of sodium alginates; 0.2% conc. and 20 min whipping in gum karaya; 0.1% conc. and 10 min whipping in gum arabic. For foam stability optimal concentrations were 0.3% in sodium alginate and gum karaya at pH 7.0 and 0.2% at pH 8.0. Addition of sodium alginates was most effective to increase foam stability of the solution, but was not effective to increase foaming ability. At same pH, surface tensions and turbidity of the solutions were related to foaming ability and specific viscosities were related to foam stability.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 2011

The application of appropriate rehabilitation works can improve productivity and water quality of clogged wells, with extending the operation of the wells for a certain period. This study verified rehabilitation effect of the clogged wells by means of explosive method and air brush surging and by using hydraulic tests, water quality, and geophysical logs (optical and acoustic televiewer logs) before and after the cleaning works on the two wells drilled in bedrock in Mt. Geumjeong, Busan City. Air-brush surging method resulted in maximum 273% increase of the productivity with the concentration of $F^-$, $SiO_2$, and a decrease of turbidity and the concentration of $Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$. The explosive method resulted in maximum 156% increase of the productivity with an increase of the concentration of $F^-$, $SiO_2$ and a decrease of turbidity, $Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2006

When polluted stream water was treated with biological aerated filter(BAF) in pilot plant, all operation with 90, 60, 45 and 30 min of EBCT at fixed $0.1m^3air/m^2min$ of aeration showed 80% or higher treatment efficiency of particle materials(SS, turbidity and Chl.-a) and 85% or higher efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal. It was thought that, in case of BOD, biological stability may sufficiently be assured with BAF because grade III or IV inflow water was changed to grade I for outflow water. In case of $COD_{Mn}$, about 60% of removal efficiency was found. When the mechanism of the result was investigated, about 30% of COD materials was produced by algae clogged in the reactor. There was almost no biological decomposition because specific substrate utilization rate of algogenic organic materials were $0.0245mg{\cdot}COD_{Mn}/mg{\cdot}VSS{\cdot}day$, thus partial backwashing(washing the media in 1 m upper of the reactor once a day) was required. It is thought that elevation of removal rate about 10% of $COD_{Mn}$ and 5.5% of $BOD_5$ could be obtained with partial backwashing resulting in assurance of biologically more stable raw water and that saving backwashing water may be significant.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.813-826
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effects of the Smart Water City (SWC) project that was introduced from 2014 to 2016 in Paju City, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, focusing on the achievement of the business goals. The SWC is referred to as a city that embraces a healthy water supply system based on Smart Water Management (SWM) that promotes the efficiency of water management by combining Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) with water and sewerage facilities. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the SWC project, this study deploys evaluation criteria corresponding to the project objectives, and analyzes the outputs before and after the project. The results show that the SWC has contributed to enhancing water supply services and the reliability and drinking rate of tap water. Specific improvement areas include the rise of average water flow rate and water leakage reduction, the diffusion of water quality monitoring system, and the reduction of floating particle concentration and turbidity in drainage pipes was achieved. These were possible because of specific implementation plans for clear goal setting and achievement and active services for citizens. The data related to water quantity and quality showed improved performance compared to before the introduction of SWMS, which is a positive effect. However, a quantitative analysis of the outputs has limitations in identifying other external factors that have led to the changes. In the future, guidelines for spreading SWC and more comprehensive and specific evaluation indicators for SWC should be prepared, and SWMS should be developed in consideration of the needs of users.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.651-655
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an inorganic conditioner composed of natural inorganic materials on the dewaterbility of sewage sludge and compare the performance with those of conventional organic polymeric conditioners. A dosage of 2.0 mg inorganic conditioner/g sludge TS decreased time to filter test (TTF), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), water content of dewatered sludge cake, turbidity from 146 to 41 sec, from $8.3{\times}10^{14}$ to $2.4{\times}10^{14}$ m/kg, from 82.1 to 77.1%, from 112 to 61.1 NTU, respectively, which was compatible to the conventional cation organic polymer. An inorganic conditioner would be used in sewage sludge treatment as a suitable alternative conditioner. Regression analysis showed a strong relationship among TTF, SRF, and water content.