• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 1995

The carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) has been demonstrated to have a hepatotoxic effect in human or many other species. To investigate the enzyme induction of mixed function oxygenases in liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats a single 0.1, 0.5 mι/kg dose of carbon tetrachloride were given. At 24 hr after a single dose of 0.1 mι CC1$_4$/kg weight, methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves was administered with 100, 500 mg/kg weight. Assays of 7-ethoxyresorufin-Ο-deethylation(EROD),7-benzyloxyresorufin-Ο-deathylation(BROD),4-nitro-phenol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT), Western blot and RNA slot blot were used as representatives of the activities of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The change of the activity of CYP1A1 form measured by EROD assay and Western analysis using 1-7-1 monoclonal antibody was not observed. The activity CYP2B1 form by BROD assay and using 2-66-3 monoclonal antibody was remarkably increased. Elevated level of CYP2B1 mRNA was shown by slot hybridization with 2B1-specific probe. Administration of methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves reversed the enzyme activity and the level of mRNA, which suggest the chemoprotective effect of methanol extracts of Hedera rhombea leaves to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxlcity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2016

Among many kinds of bioaffinity sensors, the avidin-biotin system has been widely used in a variety of biological applications due to the specific and high affinity interaction of the system. In this work, gold nanorods with high surface area were explored as electrodes in order to amplify the signal response from the avidin-biotin interaction which can be further utilized for avidin-biotin biosensors. Electrochemical performance of electrodes modified with nanorods and functionalized with avidin in response to interactions with biotin at various concentrations using $[Fe(CN)_6]^{3-/4-}$ couple as the redox probe were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A very low biotin concentration of less than 1 ng/mL could be detected using the electrodes modified with nanorods.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 2008

Gene-expression analysis is increasingly important in biological research, with real-time reverse PCR (RTPCR) becoming the method of choice for high-throughput and accurate expression profiling of selected genes. However, this technique requires important preliminary work for standardizing and optimizing the many parameters involved in the analysis. Plant stress studies are more and more based on gene expression. The analysis of gene expression requires sensitive and reproducible measurements for specific mRNA sequence. Several genes are regulated in response to abitoic stresses, such as salinity, and their gene products function in stress response and tolerance. The design of the primers and TaqMan probes for real-time PCR assays were carried out using the Primer $Express^{TM}$ software 3.0. The PCR efficiency was estimated through the linear regression of the dilution curve. To understand the expression pattern of various genes under salt stressed condition, we have developed a unique public resource of 9 stress-related genes in poplar. In this study, real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the transcript level of 10 genes (9 stress-related genes and 1 house keeping gene) that could play a role in adaptation of Populus davidiana. Real-time RT-PCR analyses exhibited different expression ratios of related genes. The data obtained showed that determination of mRNA levels could constitute a new approach to study the stress response of P. davidiana after adaptation during growth in salinity condition.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2020

Since the typical horn-type ultrasonic equipment induces a reaction at the probe tip, the sonochemical reaction has a limitation that it occurs only in a specific area. As one of the ways to overcome this limitation, an ultrasonic device with multi-stepped horn equipped with several oscillators has been developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the sonochemical effects induced by acoustic cavitation system in 20 kHz multi-stepped ultrasonic horn using calorimetry, KI dosimetry and the luminol test. The sonochemical effects of multi-stepped ultrasonic horn were compared with that of the typical horn-type 20 kHz ultrasonic device. The effect of immersion depth and power on the sonochemical reaction was investigated in the ultrasonic system with multi-stepped ultrasonic horn. Higher calorimetric energy was obtained at higher immersion depth and power conditions. Sonochemical effects increased significantly when using the high immersion depth and input power. However, as the input power increased, the cavitation reaction zone concentrated around the ultrasonic horn. Additionally, the experiments to examine the effect of liquid temperature was conducted. The smaller sonochemical reaction was obtained for the higher liquid temperature. The effect on temperature seems to be closely related to liquid conditions such as viscosity and vapor pressure of water.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2022

Babesia microti is one of the most common causative agents of babesiosis. A sensitive and rapid detection is necessary for screening potentially infected individuals. In this study, B. microti cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) was selected as the target gene, multiple primers were designed, and optimized by a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. The optimal primers and probe were labeled with fluorescein. The sensitivity of fluorescent RAA (fRAA) was evaluated using gradient diluents of the cox1 recombinant plasmid and genomic DNA extracted from whole blood of B. microti infected mice. The specificity of fRAA was assessed by other transfusion transmitted parasites. The analytical sensitivity of the fRAA assay was 10 copies of recombinant plasmid per reaction and 10 fg/µl B. microti genomic DNA. No cross-reaction with any other blood-transmitted parasites was observed. Our results demonstrated that the fRAA assay would be rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of B. microti.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.327-336
• /
• 2023

The focus of this research was to devise a conceptual methodology for drone usage and to assess the viability of safety checklist items specific to drone application in safety oversight. The appraisal was grounded in a focus group interview involving professionals from construction management and safety fields. The proposed process was segmented into four stages: 1) pre-flight phase for flight plan development, 2) drone flight phase for safety condition inspection utilizing checklist items, 3) post-flight phase for visual asset analysis, and 4) documentation and management phase. Furthermore, the research scrutinized the applicability of 32 distinct safety checklist items for drone operations. The primary aim of this investigation was to probe the possible deployment of drones as part of construction safety inspections at work sites. However, it bears mentioning that subsequent research should strive to gather a more extensive sample size through questionnaire surveys, thereby facilitating quantitative analysis. Administering such surveys would yield more comprehensive data compared to a focus group interview, which was constrained by a limited participant count. In summation, this study lays a foundational groundwork for understanding the potential advantages and challenges associated with integrating drones into construction safety management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.407-412
• /
• 2017

This study investigates the correlations between the total prostate volume (TPV), using the prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) as the blood test results and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and the prostate transition zone volume (PTZV), as well as variables such as age; the findings can be used as clinical indicators. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 healthy men in their 30s who underwent TRUS and PSA and PSAD blood tests from June 2007 to April 2016, with no history of treatment in their prostate. Siemens Acuson sequoia 512 and the probe Siemens EC-10C5 Endocavitary were used as the ultrasound equipment. For statistical analysis, SPSS 18.0 was used to calculate the standard deviation and mean of each variable; Pearson's correlation analysis was also performed. The descriptive statistics of the variables were $24.27{\pm}6.60$ for TPV, $6.99{\pm}6.60$ for PTZV, $2.12{\pm}2.76$ for PSA, and $0.281{\pm}0.1$ for PSAD. The coefficients of correlations between PTZV and variables were 0.831 for PSAD, 0.707 for TPV, 0.398 for age, and 0.118 for PSA. While PSA and age were positively correlated, PSAD and TPV were highly correlated. Therefore, PTZV of men in their 30s without underlying diseases can be predicted using PSAD and TPV.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2001

The cDNA encoding human NeuAc ${\alpha}$2,3Gal$\beta$ 1,3GalNAc GalNac ${\alpha}$2,6-Sialyltransferase (hST6GalNac IV) was isolated by screening of human fetal liver cDNA library with a DNA probe generated from the cDNA sequence of mouse ST6Gal NAc IV (mkST6GalNAc IV). The cDNA sequence included an open reading frame coding for 302 amino acids, and comparative analysis of this cDNA with mST6GalNAc IV showed that each sequence of the predicted coding region contains 88% and 85% identifies in nucleotide and amino acid levels, respecively. The primary structure of this enzyme suggested a putative domain structure, like that in other glycosyltransferases, consisting of a short N-terminal cytoplamic domain, a transmembrane domain and a large C-terminal active domain. This enzyme expressed in COS-7 cells echibited transferase activity toward NeuAc ${\alpha}$2,3Gal$\beta$ 1,3GalNAc, fetuin and GM1b, although the activity toward the later is very low, no significant activity being detected toward Gal${\beta}$ 1,3Gal NAc or asialofetuin, the other glycoprotein substrates tested. The $^{14}$ C-sialylated residue of fetuin sialylated by this enzyem with CMP-[$^{14}$C]NeuAc was sensitive to treatment with ${\alpha}$2,8-specific sialidase of Vibrio cholerae but resistant to treatment with ${\alpha}$2,3-specific sialidase (NaNase I), and ${\alpha}$2,3- and ${\alpha}$2,8-specific sialidase of Newcastle disease virus. These results clearly indicated that the expressed enzyme is a type of GalNAc ${\alpha}$2,6-sialyltransferase like mST6GalNAc IV, which requires sialic acid residues linked to Gal${\beta}$1,3GalNAc-residues for its activity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2000

In order to improve the early diagnosis of Johne's disease in ruminants, duplex polymerase chain reaction system for the detection of the etiologic agent of M. paratuberculosis and for the differentiation of other mycobacterial animal pathogens, such as M. bovis and M. avium, was applied. Genomic DNAs were purified from peripheral blood monocytes or milk macrophages and were used as templates in the duplex PCR. Detection of Mycobacterium spp. in the specimen was carried out by PCR using primer set specific to the mycobacterial 16S rDNA. And then, mycobacterial DNA-positive specimens were further differentiated with duplex PCR system which was composed of primer sets specific to 16S rDNA of M. avium complex and Is900 gene of M. paratuberculosis. The results were re-confirmed by Southern blot hybridization with oligonucleotide specific to the internal sequence of IS900 PCR amplicons. The applicability of this duplex PCR system was evaluated with DNAs extracted from clinical specimens of peripheral blood monocytes and milk macrophages. In summary, the duplex PCR amplification system described in this experiment is promising molecular technique for the early diagnosis of Johne's disease in ruminants.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2016

Dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode parasite that causes cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in dogs. The purpose of this study was the development of real-time PCR assays for efficient detection of D. immitis. The D. immitis-specific primers confirmed in our previous study and a newly designed TaqMan probe were used for quantitative diagnostics. First, SYBR Green real-time PCR was performed using the specific primers and serially diluted genomic DNA or plasmid DNA, and melting curve analyses were performed after amplification. The melting curve showed one specific peak in each of the genomic and plasmid DNA reactions, suggesting that the primers specifically amplify the D. immitis cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Comparison of SYBR Green and TaqMan real-time PCR using serially diluted plasmid DNA showed higher efficiency and specificity with TaqMan real-time PCR. The real-time PCR assays developed in this study will provide improved diagnostic methods to overcome the limitations of conventional diagnostic tools and facilitate more rapid and accurate diagnoses.